Olfactory Bulbar Electrical Responses of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Exposed to Morpholine During Smoltification

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1186-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki J. Hara ◽  
S. B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Salmonid Fishes ◽  
Key Words Olfaction ◽  
Sulfhydryl Reagent ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Olfactory Organs

Exposure of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to 5.7 × 10−10 M (5 × 10−5 mg/L) morpholine during smoking period did not influence the subsequent neural response to this substance, when tested immediately and 12 mo after smoking. No significant difference in the morpholine-induced responses was obtained between the exposed and unexposed fish. Using N-ethylmaleimide, a sulfhydryl reagent, it was further confirmed that the morpholine-effect is caused by a mechanism not directly associated with the normal olfactory function. Perfusion of the olfactory organs with 1.0 × 10−1 and 1.1 × 10−1 M (1%) morpholine for 10 min irreversibly inhibited the olfactory responsiveness to odorants. Sensitization of the olfactory bulbar electrical response is discussed in connection with homing of morpholine-imprinted salmonid fishes. Key words: olfaction, olfactory bulbar response, rainbow trout, salmon, imprinting, morpholine, homing, migration

Temperature Selection of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fingerlings in Vertical and Horizontal Gradients

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McCauley ◽  
W. L. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Horizontal Temperature Gradients ◽  
Selection Of

Preferred temperatures of underyearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were determined in both vertical and horizontal temperature gradients. No statistically significant difference was found between the preferred temperatures by the two different methods. This suggests that the nature of the gradient plays a lesser role than generally believed in laboratory investigations of temperature preference.

Swimming Stamina Differences Between Genotypically Distinct Forms of Rainbow (Salmo gairdneri) and Steelhead Trout

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsuyuki ◽  
S. N. Williscroft
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Time Required

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) homozygous for liver lactate dehydrogenase alleles ldhHαA and ldhHαB were artificially propagated and their swimming stamina compared. The time required to fatigue 50% of the HαAHαA phenotypes in fixed water velocity tests was 2.3 times greater on the average than that of HαAHαB phenotypes.Likewise, LDH phenotypes HαAHαA, HαAHαB, and HαAHαB of steelhead trout from the Thompson River were artifically propagated and their swimming stamina compared. In contrast to the rainbow trout, significant differences in stamina among the three phenotypes of steelhead were not evident in the stocks from this river nor between phenotypes HαAHαB and HαBHαB from another stream, the Vedder River, which has a very low frequency of the ldhHαA allele. The stamina of young steelhead from the Thompson River was, however, 3.8 times greater than that of those from the Vedder River. Key words: stamina, LDH, rainbow trout, steelhead, phenotype, swimming, fatigue

Sublethal Effects of Environmental Acidification on Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Neville
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Caudal Vein ◽  
Erythrocyte Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity

Dorsal aorta blood samples were taken from cannulated rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed to pH 4.0 (acid group) or pH 7.0 (controls) in normocapnic conditions at 10 °C. Over a 5-d period there was a significant gradual decrease in pH and total CO2 in the acid group but no significant difference in pO2 and lactate compared to the controls. After uncannulated rainbow trout were exposed to the same conditions for 12 d there were significant increases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte levels in caudal vein samples from the acid group. The results show that rainbow trout exposed to acid without hypercapnia develop acidaemia which is not a result of anaerobic respiration. The increase in erythrocyte concentration probably offsets the effects of acidaemia upon blood oxygen carrying capacity. Differences in ambient pCO2 and/or species differences could account for varying acid-base values in acid exposed fish reported by different workers. Key words: environmental acidification, acidaemia, lactate, pH, total carbonate, fish

Swimming Performance and Behavior of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and White Perch (Morone americana): Effects of Attaching Telemetry Transmitters

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest J. Mellas ◽  
James M. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
White Perch ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Morone Americana ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dominant Fish ◽  
And Behavior

Implicit in biotelemetry studies is the assumption that transmitter attachment does not affect fish behavior or performance. We conducted experiments to determine effects of external, surgical, and stomach tag attachments on the swimming performance and behavior of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and white perch (Morone americana). Only one rainbow trout changed dominance rank after dummy tag attachment. Subordinate fish had significantly lower weights than subdominant and dominant fish, but there were no significant differences in exhaustion times. Externally tagged trout had significantly lower exhaustion times than other tagged groups and controls. There was no significant difference in exhaustion times among tagged white perch and controls. Externally and surgically tagged perch contracted serious fungal infections during a 45-d survival study; however, few disease and no survival problems among tagged and untagged rainbow trout were noted up to 21 d. With all factors taken into account, it appears that stomach tagging is the best method of transmitter attachment, except when regurgitation and/or stomach atrophy are likely to be encountered.

scholarly journals Effect of selenium deficiency on hydroperoxide-stimulated release of glutathione from isolated perfused liver of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Bell ◽  
J. W. Adron ◽  
C. B. Cowey
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Perfused Liver ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glutathione Disulphide

1. Duplicate groups of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were each given partially purified diets which were either adequate or depleted in selenium for 40 weeks.2. Although there was no significant difference in weight gain, liver Se concentration was significantly lower in fish given the deficient diet.3. Glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (EC 1. 11. 1. 9) activity was significantly reduced in liver of Se-deficient fish but a differential assay did not indicate the presence of a non-Se-dependent GSH peroxidase activity, although liver GSH S-transferase (EC 2. 5. 1. 18) was significantly increased.4. Perfusion of livers from trout given Se-adequate diets with t-butyl hydroperoxide (BuOOH) or hydrogen peroxide caused an increase in the rate of release of glutathione disulphide (GSSG) into the perfusate.5. Perfusion of livers from Se-deficient trout with BuOOH or H2O2 did not result in any change in rate of release of GSSG into the perfusate.6. These findings confirm the absence of any compensatory non-Se-dependent peroxidase activity in Se-depleted trout.

Effect of Extended Galvanonarcosis on Behavior of Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, and Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Curry ◽  
Boyd Kynard
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Group Activity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Prey Vulnerability

Yearling rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were subjected to 0.5- and 3-h periods of narcosis using continuous direct current. Galvanonarcosis treatments decreased the immediate individual and group activity in both species of fish. Twenty-four hours after treatment, all fish except trout narcotized for 3 h recovered to levels of individual and group activity equivalent to those of untreated fish. Photonegative response was strong in both fish species and was not influenced by galvanonarcosis treatments. Trout narcotized with direct current were more vulnerable to predation than untreated fish; susceptability increased with increasing treatment periods. The potential of extended galvanonarcosis as a fish immobilization technique is strong. Key words: galvanonarcosis, behavior, extended narcosis, direct current, rainbow trout, channel catfish, photonegative, activity, prey vulnerability, immobilization

Effects of Diet, Ambient Temperature, and Holding Conditions on Plasma Thyroxine Levels in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Leatherland ◽  
C. Y. Cho ◽  
S. J. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Soybean Diet ◽  
Significant Diurnal Variation

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) acclimated to 19 °C and fed a pelleted diet of either 6% soybean oil or 6% tallow fat had similar plasma thyroxine levels (0.62 ± 0.10 and 0.69 ± 0.08 μg/100 ml, respectively), although fish acclimated to 7 °C and fed the soybean diet gave significantly (P < 0.05) higher plasma thyroxine concentration (1.32 ± 0.13 μg/100 ml) than the group fed the tallow fat diet (0.95 ± 0.12 μg/100 ml). The plasma thyroxine concentration in the fish fed the soybean oil diet was significantly (P < 0.01) higher at 7 °C than at 19 °C. There was no significant difference between the two groups of fish given the tallow fat diet. Epithelial cell heights were largest in groups with the highest plasma thyroxine levels. Epithelial cell height in the two groups at 19 °C were similar, but in both groups of fish at 7 °C, the cell height was significantly greater than in either of the groups at 19 °C (P < 0.01 for comparisons of the 19 °C tallow fat diet with both groups of 7 °C acclimated fish and comparison of the two groups on the soybean oil diet; P < 0.05 for comparisons of the 19 °C, soybean oil diet with the group held at 7 °C and given the tallow fat diet). Fish deprived of food for 40 days had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower plasma thyroxine concentration when compared with fish that had been fed daily. There was no significant diurnal variation in plasma thyroxine over the light phase of a 12 h light: 12 h dark photoperiod, nor did the limitation of light entering the aquaria significantly affect plasma thyroxine values. Key words: endocrine, thyroid, Salmo gairdneri, diet, environmental temperature

Electrophoretic Distinction of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri), West-Slope Cutthroat Trout (S. clarki), and Their Hybrids

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1236-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Reinitz
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), west-slope cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki), and their F1 hybrids were electrophoretically examined for 13 different proteins. Of the 13 proteins, only phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) proved to be a reliable biochemical marker for the distinction of genetically pure samples of the two species. Only PGI provided an accurate means of identifying F1 hybrids between the species. This information could possibly be used to facilitate the stabilization and restoration of native populations of west-slope cutthroat trout in western Montana. Key words: rainbow trout, west-slope cutthroat trout, hybridization, electrophoresis, biochemical marker, phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI)

Effects of Mercury and Copper on the Olfactory Response in Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1568-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki J. Hara ◽  
Y. M. C. Law ◽  
S. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Olfactory Response ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Metals Recovery ◽  
Olfactory Organs ◽  
Electrical Responses

The effects of mercury and copper on the olfactory response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were studied by perfusing HgCl2 and CuSO4 solutions through the olfactory organs while recording the olfactory bulbar electrical responses to the standard stimulant, L-serine.The olfactory response was depressed during exposure to mercury and copper. The lowest concentrations of mercury and copper needed to cause appreciable effects within 2 h were estimated at 0.10 and 0.008 mg/liter, respectively. The depression increased with increase in the concentration and exposure time of the heavy metals. Recovery of the olfactory response was slower with higher concentrations and longer exposure.The method is rapid, accurate, and sensitive, and can be applied to other toxic chemicals and fish species.

Pleiotropic effects of a regulatory gene (Pgm-1-t) on the social behavior of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2847-2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Determinant

We compared the social behavior of juvenile rainbow trout with a regulatory allele, Pgm-1-t(b), to their full-sibs without this allele. Other studies have shown that this gene has many pleiotropic effects in the Arlee strain, the most obvious being an increase in developmental rate at about the time of hatching. The frequencies of two agonistic action patterns, charge and lateral display, and two nonagonistic measures, yawn and forage, were used to describe early social behavior. Pgm-1-t(b) was associated with significantly higher frequencies of charge and larger size in fish from the Arlee strain. However, fish from the DeSmet strain with Pgm-1-t(b) were no more aggressive or longer than their full-sibs lacking this allele. Length was the primary determinant of dominance status in both strains, regardless of Pgm-1-t genotype. In both strains, there was no significant difference between genotypes in the frequency of lateral display and forage. Our results show that genetic differences at a single locus can have pleiotropic effects on behavior with potential adaptive significance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document