Impact of a major soil fumigant spill on the planktonic ecosystem of Shasta Lake, California

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1247-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Brett ◽  
Charles R. Goldman ◽  
Frederick S. Lubnow ◽  
Anke Müller-Solger ◽  
Astrid Bracher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Fumigant ◽  
River Inflow ◽  
Shasta Lake ◽  
And Control

On July 14, 1991, approximately 70 000 L of the soil fumigant Vapam®, metam sodium, was spilled into the upper Sacramento River, California. Twelve hours before this spill reached Shasta Lake we sampled several sites in a subsequently impacted area and two control stations. Thereafter, samples were collected at approximately 5-d intervals for 26 d. We observed an almost immediate and subsequent 99.9% decrease in zooplankton biomass within 2.0 km of the river inflow. Lake-water chlorophyll concentrations crashed immediately to 20% of prespill values, but rebounded to approximately 750% prespill values after 9 d as a result of a spill-driven diatom bloom. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations increased severalfold immediately after the spill but returned to prespill concentrations as the algal bloom peaked. Effects of the spill were clearly related to distance from the river inflow with strong effects observed within 2.0 km, and weak or no effects observed at 8.0 km into the reservoir. A dilution experiment, using varying mixtures of contaminated and control station lake water, strongly confirmed the principal findings of the field study. Our field and experimental data showed far more severe effects of the spill than single species bioassays and lake pesticide concentrations predicted.

scholarly journals Proteolytic activity, growth and nutrient release by Bacillus cereus LW-17

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Karim ◽  
Nazneen Akhter ◽  
Sirajul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

Bacillus cereus LW-17 enhanced net regeneration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in the Gulshan lake water by about two-folds at temperatures of 26°C and 30ºC, respectively. Application of Bacillus cereus LW-17 would be promising for improvement of polluted environment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18043 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 349-353, 2013 (December)

scholarly journals LED Lighting and High-Density Planting Enhance the Cost-Efficiency of Halimione portulacoides Extraction Units for Integrated Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4995
Author(s):  
Marco Custódio ◽  
Paulo Cartaxana ◽  
Sebastián Villasante ◽  
Ricardo Calado ◽  
Ana Isabel Lillebø
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
High Density ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Integrated Aquaculture ◽  
Halimione Portulacoides ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Aquaculture Effluents

Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants that can be used to extract dissolved inorganic nutrients from saline aquaculture effluents under a production framework commonly known as Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen (common name: sea purslane) is an edible saltmarsh halophyte traditionally consumed by humans living near coastal wetlands and is considered a promising extractive species for IMTA. To better understand its potential for IMTA applications, the present study investigates how artificial lighting and plant density affect its productivity and capacity to extract nitrogen and phosphorous in hydroponic conditions that mimic aquaculture effluents. Plant growth was unaffected by the type of artificial lighting employed—white fluorescent lights vs. blue-white LEDs—but LED systems were more energy-efficient, with a 17% reduction in light energy costs. Considering planting density, high-density units of 220 plants m−2 produced more biomass per unit of area (54.0–56.6 g m−2 day−1) than did low-density units (110 plants m−2; 34.4–37.1 g m−2 day−1) and extracted more dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Overall, H. portulacoides can be easily cultivated hydroponically using nutrient-rich saline effluents, where LEDs can be employed as an alternative to fluorescent lighting and high-density planting can promote higher yields and extraction efficiencies.

Rapid monitoring of heavy metal pollution in lake water using nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and physicochemical indicators by support vector machine

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 130599
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Li ◽  
Jinxiang Yang ◽  
Yifan Fan ◽  
Mengxing Xie ◽  
Xin Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Rapid Monitoring

scholarly journals Feedback Regulation between Aquatic Microorganisms and the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Tao Lu ◽  
Hans W. Paerl ◽  
Yiling Chen ◽  
Zhenyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coculture System ◽  
Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽  
Aquatic Microorganisms

ABSTRACT The frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms are increasing worldwide. Interactions between toxic cyanobacteria and aquatic microorganisms need to be critically evaluated to understand microbial drivers and modulators of the blooms. In this study, we applied 16S/18S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics analyses to measure the microbial community composition and metabolic responses of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in a coculture system receiving dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIP) close to representative concentrations in Lake Taihu, China. M. aeruginosa secreted alkaline phosphatase using a DIP source produced by moribund and decaying microorganisms when the P source was insufficient. During this process, M. aeruginosa accumulated several intermediates in energy metabolism pathways to provide energy for sustained high growth rates and increased intracellular sugars to enhance its competitive capacity and ability to defend itself against microbial attack. It also produced a variety of toxic substances, including microcystins, to inhibit metabolite formation via energy metabolism pathways of aquatic microorganisms, leading to a negative effect on bacterial and eukaryotic microbial richness and diversity. Overall, compared with the monoculture system, the growth of M. aeruginosa was accelerated in coculture, while the growth of some cooccurring microorganisms was inhibited, with the diversity and richness of eukaryotic microorganisms being more negatively impacted than those of prokaryotic microorganisms. These findings provide valuable information for clarifying how M. aeruginosa can potentially modulate its associations with other microorganisms, with ramifications for its dominance in aquatic ecosystems. IMPORTANCE We measured the microbial community composition and metabolic responses of Microcystis aeruginosa in a microcosm coculture system receiving dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIP) close to the average concentrations in Lake Taihu. In the coculture system, DIP is depleted and the growth and production of aquatic microorganisms can be stressed by a lack of DIP availability. M. aeruginosa could accelerate its growth via interactions with specific cooccurring microorganisms and the accumulation of several intermediates in energy metabolism-related pathways. Furthermore, M. aeruginosa can decrease the carbohydrate metabolism of cooccurring aquatic microorganisms and thus disrupt microbial activities in the coculture. This also had a negative effect on bacterial and eukaryotic microbial richness and diversity. Microcystin was capable of decreasing the biomass of total phytoplankton in aquatic microcosms. Overall, compared to the monoculture, the growth of total aquatic microorganisms is inhibited, with the diversity and richness of eukaryotic microorganisms being more negatively impacted than those of prokaryotic microorganisms. The only exception is M. aeruginosa in the coculture system, whose growth was accelerated.

scholarly journals Global Landscape of Total Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Lake Water

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Chen ◽  
Guangming Zeng ◽  
Jiachao Zhang ◽  
Piao Xu ◽  
Anwei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

Bacterioplankton, Phytoplankton, and Zooplankton Communities in a British Columbia Coastal Lake Before and After Nutrient Reduction

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1504-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Joan Hardy ◽  
Ken S. Shortreed ◽  
John G. Stockner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Coastal Lake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations

Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were applied weekly during the growing season from 1980 to 1982 and twice weekly in 1983 to Hobiton Lake, a warm monomictic coastal lake in British Columbia. The lake was not fertilized in 1984. Average numbers of bacteria during the growing season decreased from a high of 1.53 × 106∙mL−1 in the fertilized condition to 0.84 × 106∙mL−1 in the unfertilized condition. Chlorophyll a concentrations decreased from a maximum seasonal average of 2.69 μg∙L−1 (1981) to 1.30 μg∙L−1 (1984), and algal numbers decreased from 5.83 × 104∙mL−1 (1983) to 2.29 × 104∙mL−1 (1984). Although the numbers of phytoplankton in each size fraction (picoplankton, nanoplankton, or microplankton) decreased in the unfertilized condition, the greatest change was an almost fourfold decrease in picoplankton, which consisted of 90% cyanobacteria (primarily Synechococcus spp.). Abundance of the large diatoms Rhizosolenia spp. and Melosira spp. increased in 1984, resulting in an increase in average seasonal algal volume. Average densities of medium (0.15–0.84 mm) and large (0.85–1.5 mm) zooplankton were greatest in 1982, while rotifers and small zooplankton (0.10–0.14 mm) were most dense in 1984 following nutrient reduction. The lake had relatively high concentrations of planktivorous juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that appeared to minimize any direct effect of nutrient additions on zooplankton densities.

The influence of three mangrove species on the distribution of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in the Quanzhou Bay estuarine wetland soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Guiyao Zhou ◽  
Yanyou Wu ◽  
Deke Xing ◽  
Mingming Zhang ◽  
Rui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Wetland Soils ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Estuarine Wetland ◽  
Quanzhou Bay

scholarly journals Exploiting the Potential in Water Cleanup from Metals and Nutrients of Desmodesmus sp. and Ampelodesmos mauritanicus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Roberto Braglia ◽  
Lorenza Rugnini ◽  
Sara Malizia ◽  
Francesco Scuderi ◽  
Enrico Luigi Redi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Green Microalga

Increasing levels of freshwater contaminants, mainly due to anthropogenic activities, have resulted in a great deal of interest in finding new eco-friendly, cost-effective and efficient methods for remediating polluted waters. The aim of this work was to assess the feasibility of using a green microalga Desmodesmus sp., a cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. and a hemicryptophyte Ampelodesmos mauritanicus to bioremediate a water polluted with an excess of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and heavy metals (copper and nickel). We immediately determined that Nostoc sp. was sensitive to metal toxicity, and thus Desmodesmus sp. was chosen for sequential tests with A. mauritanicus. First, A. mauritanicus plants were grown in the ‘polluted’ culture medium for seven days and were, then, substituted by Desmodesmus sp. for a further seven days (14 days in total). Heavy metals were shown to negatively affect both the growth rates and nutrient removal capacity. The sequential approach resulted in high metal removal rates in the single metal solutions up to 74% for Cu and 85% for Ni, while, in the bi-metal solutions, the removal rates were lower and showed a bias for Cu uptake. Single species controls showed better outcomes; however, further studies are necessary to investigate the behavior of new species.

scholarly journals Alterations in microbial community composition with increasing <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub>: a mesocosm study in the eastern Baltic Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 3831-3849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine J. Crawfurd ◽  
Santiago Alvarez-Fernandez ◽  
Kristina D. A. Mojica ◽  
Ulf Riebesell ◽  
Corina P. D. Brussaard
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Viral Lysis ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Eastern Baltic

Abstract. Ocean acidification resulting from the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) by the ocean is considered a major threat to marine ecosystems. Here we examined the effects of ocean acidification on microbial community dynamics in the eastern Baltic Sea during the summer of 2012 when inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were strongly depleted. Large-volume in situ mesocosms were employed to mimic present, future and far future CO2 scenarios. All six groups of phytoplankton enumerated by flow cytometry ( <  20 µm cell diameter) showed distinct trends in net growth and abundance with CO2 enrichment. The picoeukaryotic phytoplankton groups Pico-I and Pico-II displayed enhanced abundances, whilst Pico-III, Synechococcus and the nanoeukaryotic phytoplankton groups were negatively affected by elevated fugacity of CO2 (fCO2). Specifically, the numerically dominant eukaryote, Pico-I, demonstrated increases in gross growth rate with increasing fCO2 sufficient to double its abundance. The dynamics of the prokaryote community closely followed trends in total algal biomass despite differential effects of fCO2 on algal groups. Similarly, viral abundances corresponded to prokaryotic host population dynamics. Viral lysis and grazing were both important in controlling microbial abundances. Overall our results point to a shift, with increasing fCO2, towards a more regenerative system with production dominated by small picoeukaryotic phytoplankton.

EFFECTS OF INORGANIC NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON SELECTED SITES OF NATIVE GRASSLAND IN WESTERN CANADA

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kilcher ◽  
S. Smoliak ◽  
W. A. Hubbard ◽  
A. Johnston ◽  
A. T. H. Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Better Than

N, P, and N + P at 60, 26, and 60 + 26 lb per acre were applied on native grass sites during three successive years at seven, locations in Western Canada. Single applications of the N fertilizer resulted in 3- or 4-year total yield increases of 300 to 600 lb per acre at six locations. At Summerland the 3-year increase was nearly 1400 lb. Phosphorus fertilizer by itself provided very little yield increase. N + P gave yield increases that were only slightly better than those from N alone.Residual responses to fertilizer were important, especially in the 12- to 16-in. rainfall locations. Only about one-third of the total yield increase occurred in the first year, with the remainder coming in the subsequent seasons.Weeds, where present, showed a marked response to fertilizer N in the first season; in subsequent years the response largely disappeared.

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