Disentangling the effects of size-dependent encounter and susceptibility to predation with an individual-based model for fish larvae

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1562-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Paradis ◽  
M Pépin ◽  
P Pepin
Keyword(s):  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Selective Mortality ◽  
Larval Phase ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Synchronous Spawning ◽  
Fish Cohort ◽  
Empirical Size

We investigated the effects of size-dependent encounter and susceptibility, the role of variation in the size distribution of predators, and the timing of prey-predator interaction during the larval phase in shaping the length frequency distribution of surviving fish larvae. These analyses based on general empirical size-dependent relationships may have broad implications in understanding larval fish cohort dynamics. We demonstrated that the formulations of encounter and susceptibility to predation counteract each other, an increased range of predator sizes reduces only slightly the evidence for size-selective mortality, and synchronous spawning and hatching events have the potential to yield strong size-selective mortality of a cohort of fish larvae. The important factors in generating size-selective mortality are either the timing of encounters between fish larvae and their predators or high mortality rates. We demonstrated a direct relationship between the potential of size-selective mortality and the overall mortality rate of the cohort. We suggest that it may be difficult to detect the effect of size-dependent processes in the field. A better understanding of the factors influencing encounter represents a critical element in extrapolating laboratory studies of predation to the field.

Application of Empirical Size-Dependent Models of Larval Fish Vital Rates to the Study of Production: Accuracy and Association with Adult Stock Dynamics in a Comparison among Species

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pepin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Model ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Larval Phase ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Dependent Change ◽  
Class Strength ◽  
Empirical Size

A simple model of the size-dependent change in biomass of a cohort of fish larvae based on empirically derived relationships for growth and mortality is presented. Model predictions are compared with data for seven species of larval fish sampled on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland in 1980–81 to determine (1) whether the slope of the size-dependent larval biomass curve is significantly different from the general empirical model, and (2) whether the slope and intercept of the biomass curve are reflective of relative year-class strength and stock abundance, respectively. The slope of the size-dependent larval biomass curve is not significantly different from that predicted by the model in six of seven cases. The slope of the larval biomass curve is not significantly correlated with standardized year-class strength. The height of the curve (i.e. intercept) is only weakly associated with adult stock biomass. I conclude from this set of observations that estimates of larval fish vital rates may not be measured with sufficient accuracy to permit detection of a significant association between deviations from the general empirical model and the factors that may influence survivorship during the larval phase in a comparison across species.

scholarly journals Lost at sea: ocean acidification undermines larval fish orientation via altered hearing and marine soundscape modification

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20150937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tullio Rossi ◽  
Ivan Nagelkerken ◽  
Jennifer C. A. Pistevos ◽  
Sean D. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
Wide Range

The dispersal of larvae and their settlement to suitable habitat is fundamental to the replenishment of marine populations and the communities in which they live. Sound plays an important role in this process because for larvae of various species, it acts as an orientational cue towards suitable settlement habitat. Because marine sounds are largely of biological origin, they not only carry information about the location of potential habitat, but also information about the quality of habitat. While ocean acidification is known to affect a wide range of marine organisms and processes, its effect on marine soundscapes and its reception by navigating oceanic larvae remains unknown. Here, we show that ocean acidification causes a switch in role of present-day soundscapes from attractor to repellent in the auditory preferences in a temperate larval fish. Using natural CO 2 vents as analogues of future ocean conditions, we further reveal that ocean acidification can impact marine soundscapes by profoundly diminishing their biological sound production. An altered soundscape poorer in biological cues indirectly penalizes oceanic larvae at settlement stage because both control and CO 2 -treated fish larvae showed lack of any response to such future soundscapes. These indirect and direct effects of ocean acidification put at risk the complex processes of larval dispersal and settlement.

scholarly journals An integrative investigation of sensory organ development and orientation behavior throughout the larval phase of a coral reef fish

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Majoris ◽  
Matthew A. Foretich ◽  
Yinan Hu ◽  
Katie R. Nickles ◽  
Camilla L. Di Persia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Orientation Behavior ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Larval Phase

AbstractThe dispersal of marine larvae determines the level of connectivity among populations, influences population dynamics, and affects evolutionary processes. Patterns of dispersal are influenced by both ocean currents and larval behavior, yet the role of behavior remains poorly understood. Here we report the first integrated study of the ontogeny of multiple sensory systems and orientation behavior throughout the larval phase of a coral reef fish—the neon goby, Elacatinus lori. We document the developmental morphology of all major sensory organs (lateral line, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory) together with the development of larval swimming and orientation behaviors observed in a circular arena set adrift at sea. We show that all sensory organs are present at hatch and increase in size (or number) and complexity throughout the larval phase. Further, we demonstrate that most larvae can orient as early as 2 days post-hatch, and they swim faster and straighter as they develop. We conclude that sensory organs and swimming abilities are sufficiently developed to allow E. lori larvae to orient soon after hatch, suggesting that early orientation behavior may be common among coral reef fishes. Finally, we provide a framework for testing alternative hypotheses for the orientation strategies used by fish larvae, laying a foundation for a deeper understanding of the role of behavior in shaping dispersal patterns in the sea.

The role of Record of Rights (Khatian) in determining title or possession: An overview

IIUC Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Kalim Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Supportive Evidence ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Religious Systems

Human beings are deeply related to land. Human beings take birth on land, live on land, die on land and mixes with land ultimately. As stated in the holy Quran: ‘We (Allah) created you (human beings) from the soil, we shall make you return to the soil and We shall call you back again from the soil’ (20:55). Human life is surrounded by soil i.e. land. So, land is a highly completed issue of human life involving economic, social, political, cultural and often religious systems. Land administration is thus a critical element and often a pre-condition for peaceful society and sustainable development. In administrating land, Khatian or record of rights plays a vital role to determine the rights and interests of the respective parties as supportive evidence. In this article, discussion is mainly made on the fact that Khatian or record of rights is not a document of title solely but it may be an evidence of title as well as possession. IIUC Studies Vol.15(0) December 2018: 33-46

The role of rough surface in the size-dependent behavior upon nano-indentation

2021 ◽  
pp. 103836
Author(s):  
Ding Tang ◽  
Leilei Zhao ◽  
Huamiao Wang ◽  
Dayong Li ◽  
Yinghong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rough Surface ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Dependent Behavior

scholarly journals Fish larvae exploit edge vortices along their dorsal and ventral fin folds to propel themselves

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (116) ◽  
pp. 20160068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Li ◽  
Ulrike K. Müller ◽  
Johan L. van Leeuwen ◽  
Hao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Bony Fish ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Explanation ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Median Fins

Larvae of bony fish swim in the intermediate Reynolds number ( Re ) regime, using body- and caudal-fin undulation to propel themselves. They share a median fin fold that transforms into separate median fins as they grow into juveniles. The fin fold was suggested to be an adaption for locomotion in the intermediate Reynolds regime, but its fluid-dynamic role is still enigmatic. Using three-dimensional fluid-dynamic computations, we quantified the swimming trajectory from body-shape changes during cyclic swimming of larval fish. We predicted unsteady vortices around the upper and lower edges of the fin fold, and identified similar vortices around real larvae with particle image velocimetry. We show that thrust contributions on the body peak adjacent to the upper and lower edges of the fin fold where large left–right pressure differences occur in concert with the periodical generation and shedding of edge vortices. The fin fold enhances effective flow separation and drag-based thrust. Along the body, net thrust is generated in multiple zones posterior to the centre of mass. Counterfactual simulations exploring the effect of having a fin fold across a range of Reynolds numbers show that the fin fold helps larvae achieve high swimming speeds, yet requires high power. We conclude that propulsion in larval fish partly relies on unsteady high-intensity vortices along the upper and lower edges of the fin fold, providing a functional explanation for the omnipresence of the fin fold in bony-fish larvae.

Characterizing spatial structures of larval fish assemblages at multiple scales in relation to environmental heterogeneity in the Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada)

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1902-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Guan ◽  
John F. Dower ◽  
Pierre Pepin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Multiscale Approach ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Medium Scale

Spatial structures of larval fish in the Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada) were quantified in the springs of 2009 and 2010 to investigate linkages to environmental heterogeneity at multiple scales. By applying a multiscale approach, principal coordinate neighborhood matrices, spatial variability was decomposed into three predefined scale categories: broad scale (>40 km), medium scale (20∼40 km), and fine scale (<20 km). Spatial variations in larval density of the three dominant fish taxa with different early life histories (Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), and northern smoothtongue (Leuroglossus schmidti)) were mainly structured at broad and medium scales, with scale-dependent associations with environmental descriptors varying interannually and among species. Larval distributions in the central-southern Strait were mainly associated with salinity, temperature, and vertical stability of the top 50 m of the water column on the medium scale. Our results emphasize the critical role of local estuarine circulation, especially at medium spatial scale, in structuring hierarchical spatial distributions of fish larvae in the Strait of Georgia and suggest the role of fundamental differences in life-history traits in influencing the formation and maintenance of larval spatial structures.

scholarly journals Osmotic induction improves batch marking of larval fish otoliths with enriched stable isotopes

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 2530-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel de Braux ◽  
Fletcher Warren-Myers ◽  
Tim Dempster ◽  
Per Gunnar Fjelldal ◽  
Tom Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Recent Method ◽  
Batch Marking

Abstract Otolith marking with enriched stable isotopes via immersion is a recent method of batch marking larval fish for a range of research and industrial applications. However, current immersion times and isotope concentrations required to successfully mark an otolith limit the utility of this technique. Osmotic induction improves incorporation and reduces immersion time for some chemical markers, but its effects on isotope incorporation into otoliths are unknown. Here, we tested the effects of osmotic induction over a range of different isotope concentrations and immersion times on relative mark success and strength for 26Mg:24Mg, 86Sr:88Sr and 137Ba:138Ba on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) larvae. 71% and 100% mark success were achieved after 1 h of immersion for 86Sr (75 µg L−1) and 137Ba (30 µg L−1) isotopes, respectively. Compared with conventional immersion, osmotic induction improved overall mark strength for 86Sr and 137Ba isotopes by 26–116%, although this effect was only observed after 12 h of immersion and predominately for 86Sr. The results demonstrate that osmotic induction reduces immersion times and the concentrations of isotope required to achieve successful marks. Osmotically induced isotope labels via larval immersion may prove a rapid and cost-effective way of batch marking fish larvae across a range of potential applications.

Grain-Size-Dependent Thermal Transport Properties in Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia

2001 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Soon Yang ◽  
J.A. Eastman ◽  
L.J. Thompson ◽  
G.-R. Bai
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Thermal Transport ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the role of grain boundaries in controlling heat flow is critical to the success of many envisioned applications of nanocrystalline materials. This study focuses on the effect of grain boundaries on thermal transport behavior in nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings prepared by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition.

scholarly journals Feeding of the Brycon cephalus, Triportheus elongatus and Semaprochilodus insignis (osteichthyes, characiformes) larvae in Solimões/Amazonas River and floodplain areas.

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosseval Galdino LEITE ◽  
Carlos A.R.M. ARAUJO-LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Food Item ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Trophic Relations ◽  
Fish Feeding ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Flooded Forests ◽  
Commercially Important

Information on larval fish feeding is essential for understanding their trophic relations, including the management in conditions totally or partially controlled by humans. An experiment was designed to evaluate the larval diets of three commercially important species. Four varzea-lakes and the adjacent river were sampled with bongo and hand nets from January 1993 to November 1995. Larval diets were evaluated by length-classes and capture sites, and were tested by two factor ANOVA. The larvae were feeding in all habitats, except in the flooded forests. The three species had different diets, which varied with their length and lake. The rotifers were the main initial food item of the three species, replaced by fish larvae in Brycon cephalus, cladocerans in Triportheus elongatus and detritus in Semaprochilodus insignis. The increase of the ingestion limit, as the larvae grew, was higher than the increase in the consumed prey size for the three species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document