THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF GENETIC AND MATERNAL CONTROL IN A SELECTED POPULATION OF LOLIUM PERENNE

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Hayward ◽  
T. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Maternal Control

The interrelationship of the maternal and genetic control for seed weight, rate of tiller production, length of fifth leaf, and total adult plant production in a 5 × 5 diallel cross of Lolium perenne L. were studied by estimation of the phenotypic, environmental, genetic, and maternal correlations. Genetic and maternal components of increased seed size lead to a reduction in tillering, leaf size and final production indicating that large seeds are not generally advantageous to growth and development. Environmental factors which promoted tillering also increased leaf length. Maternal control showed a similar pattern. However, genetic control indicated that the faster the tillering, the shorter the leaves, thus emphasizing the possible danger of considering only a single factor in selecting for increased yield. Phenotypic correlations indicate that total production was determined largely by tiller production with environmental factors influencing leaf length and tiller production. Neither genetic nor maternal control of tiller number or leaf size at the seedling stage greatly influenced final production, indicating that selection for either of these characters separately would not likely influence yield. The controls for maternal and additive genetic effects were found to be different. Maternal effects were strong and extended well beyond the influence of seed size effects.

GENETIC CONTROL OF VARIATION IN A SELECTED POPULATION OF LOLIUM PERENNE L.

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Hayward ◽  
T. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Seedling Characters

Progenies from a five genotype diallel cross in Lolium perenne L. were studied to assess the pattern of genetic control for seed weight, a number of seedling characters, and two adult plant characters.Variation in seed weight was largely determined by the maternal parent, but some control by the pollen parent was apparent. Gene action was additive, but some specific genetic effects were also present, suggesting possible interaction between the haploid pollen genome with a diploid ovular genome in the triploid endosperm, or alternatively between the developing seed and the female parent plant.Of the seedling characters (total germination, rate of germination, rate of leaf and tiller production, length of fifth leaf, and seedling dry matter production) only length of fifth leaf showed any additive variation which might be easily exploited.Adult plant production showed considerable variation which interacts with the season of assessment. However, the relative order of merit remained the same and only the magnitude of the differences in productivity between the families altered. This response was itself under simple genetic control.

scholarly journals GENETIC CONTROL OF VARIATION IN A SELECTED POPULATION OF RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS (ELYMUS JUNCEUS)

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Seedling Characters ◽  
Additive Control

Progenies from a five-genotype diallel cross in Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch., were studied to assess the pattern of genetic control for F1 seed weight and a number of seedling and adult plant characters. Variation in F1 seed weight was largely determined by the maternal parent, but some control by the pollen parent was apparent. Of the seedling characters, days to emerge, rate of leaf appearance, rate of tiller appearance, and seedling dry matter yield, only days to emerge showed additive variance which is amenable to direct selection. The other three characters could be most easily exploited by a recurrent selection program. The adult plant characters, date of inflorescence appearance, P content of the forage, and organic matter digestibility indicated strong additive control which is amenable to direct selection. Dry matter yield and seed yield also showed strong additive control which was accompanied by specific combining ability and weak maternal effects suggesting good progress should be possible by direct selection methods but crossing the selections in a diallel fashion prior to formation of synthetics might be desirable. The seedling characters, rate of leaf and tiller appearance and seedling dry matter yield were interrelated and associated with adult plant yield, thus offering the possibility of screening seedlings for these characters in a recurrent selection program for improved forage or seed yield.

scholarly journals The effects of ploidy and seed mass on the emergence and early vigour of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Smith ◽  
N. M. McFarlane ◽  
V. M. Croft ◽  
P. J. Trigg ◽  
G. A. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
Shoot Mass

Genetic variation for seed mass and components of early vigour were measured on 120 seedlings of each of 18 diploid and 27 tetraploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars. Seeds of tetraploid cultivars were on average heavier (3.8 mg) than seed of diploid cultivars (2.4 mg). However, there was variation for mean seed mass both within and between ploidy classes and within cultivars. The components of early vigour measured on each of the seedlings were: date of emergence, leaf appearance rate, seedling height (10 days after germination), leaf length and width and dry matter at 33 days after emergence. Mean seed mass of a cultivar was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with seedling height, leaf length, leaf width, shoot length and shoot mass. Individual seed mass within a cultivar was significantly associated with all components of early vigour, except the date of emergence of the second true leaf. There was no difference in the rate of emergence of tetraploid and diploid cultivars, although tetraploid cultivars tended to have longer and wider leaves, greater seedling lengths and fewer leaves and tillers than diploid cultivars. There was also evidence of genetic variation for seedling vigour components in perennial ryegrass after seed mass and ploidy effects had been removed during analysis. These data suggest that seed mass has a large positive effect on early vigour of both diploid and tetraploid cultivars of perennial ryegrass and that, in the absence of any specific knowledge of the early vigour characteristics of a given cultivar, seed mass could be used as a surrogate when choosing between cultivars with similar adaptation and performance.

scholarly journals Begonia muricata Blume and Begonia serratipetala Irmsch durability as indoor pot plant in Eka Karya Bali Botanic Garden

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah Hanum ◽  
Ayyu Rahayu ◽  
I Dewa Putu Darma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Foliage Plant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sunlight Intensity ◽  
The Ideal

Begonia is very popular as a foliage plant and some begonia species grow up in pots. Begonia serratipetala and Begonia muricata are Indonesian begonia species that are well suited as indoor potted plants because of their leaf color and shape. In addition, the Bali Botanical Garden's landscape nursery would like to use these begonias for decoration in all buildings. However, it still needs to be studied how long the shelf life of the two begonias is in indoor environments in the highlands without air conditioning (AC). The aim of this study was to investigate the indoor shelf life of B. serratipetala and B. muricata. This research method consists of two steps. The first step was the acclimation phase and the second step was the indoor placement phase. Each begonia was repeated three times. Parameters studied included plant growth (plant height, leaves, leaf width, and leaf length) and environmental factors (sunlight intensity, air temperature, and humidity). The data were analyzed descriptively. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between growth parameters and environmental factors. The result showed that both begonias (B. muricata and B. serratipetala) have similar persistence to indoor begonia species within two weeks, the ideal time for plant replacement

A Study on the Genetic Variability and Genetic Control of the Important Morphometric Characters of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
V. Soorya ◽  
V. Radhakrishnan ◽  
K. Mohanan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Polygenic Control ◽  
Balanced Distribution

Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., the pink and blue ginger is an underutilized rhizomatous herb used in the Indian as well as Thai and Malaysian systems of traditional medicine.Its antioxidant and nutraceutical properties have also been explored recently. However, no effort has been made to study the genetic variability and genetic control of the agronomic morphometric characters of this species. Hence the present study was carried out to analyse the genetic variability and genetic control of such characters in the species.All the fifteen morphometric characters showed continuous distribution indicating their polygenic control. Among the growth characters, plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth and leaf area showed accumulation of higher number of dominant alleles in their gene pool and number of tillers and number of leaves per tiller showed higher accumulation of recessive factors. Among the yield characters, length of primary fingers and length of secondary fingers showed a balanced distribution of genotypes, number of primary fingers, number of secondary fingers, diameter of primary tillers, length of mother rhizome and yield per plant showed skewness towards the assembly of higher number of recessive factors and diameter of primary fingers and diameter of secondary fingers showed skewness towards the assembly of dominant contributing factors. However, all the characters under study showed comparatively wide distribution of factor combinations, indicating the broad genetic base of the population under study. However, most of the agronomically important characters showed very low frequency of genotypes with higher number of dominant factors indicating the necessity of selecting superior genotypes to develop improved varieties.

scholarly journals Association study between the gibberellic acid insensitive gene and leaf length in a Lolium perenne L. synthetic variety

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Auzanneau ◽  
Christian Huyghe ◽  
Abraham J Escobar-Gutiérrez ◽  
Bernadette Julier ◽  
François Gastal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Synthetic Variety

Seed size influences the coleoptile length of wheat

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Cornish ◽  
S Hindmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Seed Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

Variation in coleoptile length within and between 2 cultivars of semidwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum) was related to seed size. Seeds of cvv. Banks and Kite were separated by sieving for width into the size classes of >2.75, 2.75-250, 2.50-2.25 and 2.25- 2.00 mm. The mean grain weights of ungraded samples were 43.1 mg (Kite) and 34.3 mg (Banks), and for the subsamples were 52.4, 37.9, 30.4 and 20.7 mg (Kite) and 41.4, 33.2, 25.8 and 19.1 mg (Banks). The effect of size class on coleoptile length was significant (P<0.01). Over both cultivars, coleoptile length declined by 0.37 mm per mg reduction in seed weight. Kite produced the longer coleoptiles overall, 87.5 mm compared with 59.0 mm for Banks. However, only 3.3 mm of this difference can be accounted for by the mean difference in seed weight (8.8 mg) and the effect of seed weight on coleoptile length (0.37 mm/mg). Genetic differences, apart from adult plant height, appear to explain most of the difference in coleoptile length between the cultivars. There was considerable genetic variability within genotypes. In Banks, with seed width >2.75 mm (41.4 mg per seed), the lengths of coleoptiles ranged from 24-89 mm (mean 65.1 mm), suggesting considerable scope for the selection of genotypes with longer coleoptiles.

scholarly journals Evidence for maternal control of seed size in maize from phenotypic and transcriptional analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1907-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Candice N. Hirsch ◽  
Rajandeep S. Sekhon ◽  
Natalia de Leon ◽  
Shawn M. Kaeppler
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Maternal Control

scholarly journals Models for estimating yacon leaf area

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wellington A Erlacher ◽  
Fábio L Oliveira ◽  
Gustavo S Fialho ◽  
Diego MN Silva ◽  
Arnaldo HO Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Logarithmic Model ◽  
Area Estimate ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACT The recent exploration of yacon demands scientific information for improving the crop production technology. This study aimed to set a leaf area estimate model for yacon plants, using non-destructive measurements of leaf length (L) and/or width (W). Sixty-four representative yacon plants were randomly selected in an experimental field during the full vegetative growth. One thousand leaves of various sizes were taken from those plants for setting and validating a model. The logarithmic model best fitted this purpose, the result of multiplying length by width being used as independent variable. Yacon leaf area can be determined with high precision and accuracy by LALW = (-27.7418 + (3.9812LW / ln LW ) , disregarding the leaf size.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document