The motion of rotating cylinders sliding on pebbled ice

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 847-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
MRA Shegelski ◽  
M Reid ◽  
R Niebergall
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Slow Rotation

We consider the motion of a cylinder with the same mass and sizeas a curling rock, but with a very different contact geometry.Whereas the contact area of a curling rock is a thin annulus havinga radius of 6.25 cm and width of about 4 mm, the contact area of the cylinderinvestigated takes the form of several linear segments regularly spacedaround the outer edge of the cylinder, directed radially outward from the center,with length 2 cm and width 4 mm. We consider the motion of this cylinderas it rotates and slides over ice having the nature of the ice surfaceused in the sport of curling. We have previously presented a physicalmodel that accounts for the motion of curling rocks; we extend this modelto explain the motion of the cylinder under investigation. In particular,we focus on slow rotation, i.e., the rotational speed of the contact areasof the cylinder about the center of mass is small compared to thetranslational speed of the center of mass.The principal features of the model are (i) that the kineticfriction induces melting of the ice, with the consequence that thereexists a thin film of liquid water lying between the contact areasof the cylinder and the ice; (ii) that the radial segmentsdrag some of the thin liquid film around the cylinder as it rotates,with the consequence that the relative velocity between the cylinderand the thin liquid film is significantly different than the relativevelocity between the cylinder and the underlying solid ice surface.Since it is the former relative velocity that dictates the nature of themotion of the cylinder, our model predicts, and observations confirm, thatsuch a slowly rotating cylinder stops rotating well before translationalmotion ceases. This is in sharp contrast to the usual case of most slowlyrotating cylinders, where both rotational and translational motion ceaseat the same instant. We have verified this prediction of our model bycareful comparison to the actual motion of a cylinder having a contactarea as described.PACS Nos.: 46.00, 01.80+b

scholarly journals The Motion of Rapidly Rotating Curling Rocks

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. A. Shegelski ◽  
Ross Niebergall
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Slow Rotation ◽  
Kinetic Friction ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Translational Speed ◽  
Careful Comparison

We present a physical model that accounts for the motion of rapidly rotating curling rocks. By rapidly rotating we mean that the rotational speed of the contact annulus of the rock about the centre of mass is large compared with the translational speed of the centre of mass. The principal features of the model are: (i ) that the kinetic friction induces melting of the ice, with the consequence that there exists a thin film of liquid water lying between the contact annulus of the rock and the ice; (ii ) that the curling rock drags some of the thin liquid film around the rock as it rotates, with the consequence that the relative velocity between the rock and the thin liquid film is significantly different to the relative velocity between the rock and the underlying solid ice surface. Since it is the former relative velocity which dictates the nature of the motion of the curling rock, our model predicts some interesting differences between the motions of slowly versus rapidly rotating rocks. Of principal note is that our model predicts, and observations confirm, that rapidly rotating curling rocks stop moving translationally well before rotational motion ceases. This is in sharp contrast to the usual case of slow rotation, where both rotational and translational motion cease at the same instant. We have verified this and other predictions of our model by careful comparison with the motion of actual curling rocks.

The Meniscus Instability of a Thin Liquid Film

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Koguchi ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
K. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Stability Criterion ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Normal Direction ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Maximum Amplification

This paper reports on the instability for the meniscus of a thin film of a very viscous liquid between two tilted plates, which are separated at a constant speed with a tilt angle in the normal direction of the plates. The disturbances on the meniscus moving with movement of the plates are examined experimentally and theoretically. The disturbances are started when the velocity of movement of the plates exceeds a critical one. The wavelength of the disturbances is measured by using a VTR. The instability of the meniscus is studied theoretically using the linearized perturbation method. A simple and complete analytical solution yields both a stability criterion and the wave number for a linear thickness geometry. These results compared with experiments for the instability show the validity of the stability criterion and the best agreement is obtained with the wave number of maximum amplification.

scholarly journals On the origin of the circular hydraulic jump in a thin liquid film

2018 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Bhagat ◽  
N. K. Jha ◽  
P. F. Linden ◽  
D. Ian Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Capillary Waves ◽  
Hydraulic Jumps ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Normal Impact ◽  
Viscous Forces

This study explores the formation of circular thin-film hydraulic jumps caused by the normal impact of a jet on an infinite planar surface. For more than a century, it has been believed that all hydraulic jumps are created due to gravity. However, we show that these thin-film hydraulic jumps result from energy loss due to surface tension and viscous forces alone. We show that, at the jump, surface tension and viscous forces balance the momentum in the liquid film and gravity plays no significant role. Experiments show no dependence on the orientation of the surface and a scaling relation balancing viscous forces and surface tension collapses the experimental data. A theoretical analysis shows that the downstream transport of surface energy is the previously neglected critical ingredient in these flows, and that capillary waves play the role of gravity waves in a traditional jump in demarcating the transition from the supercritical to subcritical flow associated with these jumps.

Effect of Thin Film Condensation on Thermal Performance of Oscillating Heat Pipes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Liang ◽  
G. P. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Slug Flow ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Film Condensation ◽  
Working Fluid

Self-sustainable motions of the slug flow in oscillating heat pipes have been investigated in the paper. Thin film condensation in the capillary channels of the condenser of the oscillating heat pipes was studied. Instability of the thin liquid film on the characteristics of heat pipes was analysed. The extra thermal resistance caused by the thickness of the thin liquid film was taken into account for the numerical simulation of the oscillatory motions of the slug flow in the heat pipes. Saturated temperatures and pressures of the working fluid in the condenser were obtained. Thermoacoustic theory was applied to calculate heat transport through the adiabatic section of the heat pipes. Experimental studies were carried out to understand the heat transfer behaviours of heat pipes. One heat pipe with the working fluid of HFC-134a was evaluated. The heat pipe is made of aluminium plate and has the width of 50 mm and thickness of 1.9 mm. Numerical and experimental results relevant to the heat transport capability of the heat pipe were analysed and compared.

Simultaneous measurement of dynamic force and spatial thin film thickness between deformable and solid surfaces by integrated thin liquid film force apparatus

Soft Matter ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (44) ◽  
pp. 9105-9114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xurui Zhang ◽  
Plamen Tchoukov ◽  
Rogerio Manica ◽  
Louxiang Wang ◽  
Qingxia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Thin Film Thickness

scholarly journals Modeling of Partially Wetting Liquid Film Using an Enhanced Thin Film Model for Aero-Engine Bearing Chamber Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
Medhat Sharabi ◽  
Richard Jefferson-Loveday ◽  
Stephen Ambrose ◽  
Carol Eastwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Film Model ◽  
Thin Film Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aero Engine

Abstract In the case of aero-engine, thin lubricating film servers dual purpose of lubrication and cooling. Prediction of dry patches or lubricant starved region in bearing or bearing chambers are required for safe operation of these components. In this work, thin liquid film flow is numerically investigated using the framework of the Eulerian thin film model (ETFM) for conditions, which exhibit partial wetting phenomenon. This model includes a parameter that requires adjustment to account for the dynamic contact angle. Two different experimental data sets have been used for comparisons against simulations, which cover a wide range of operating conditions including varying the flowrate, inclination angle, contact angle, and liquid–gas surface tension coefficient. A new expression for the model parameter has been proposed and calibrated based on the simulated cases. This is employed to predict film thickness on a bearing chamber which is subjected to a complex multiphase flow. From this study, it is observed that the proposed approach shows good quantitative comparisons of the film thickness of flow down an inclined plate and for the representative bearing chamber. A comparison of model predictions with and without wetting and drying capabilities is also presented on the bearing chamber for shaft speed in the range of 2500 RPM to 10,000 RPM and flowrate in the range of 0.5 liter per minute (LPM) to 2.5 LPM.

Fundamental understanding of removal of liquid thin film trapped between fibers in the paper drying process: A microscopic approach

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
ZAHRA NOORI ◽  
JAMAL S. YAGOOBI ◽  
BURT S. TILLEY
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Paper Drying ◽  
Vof Model

In the fabrication of paper, a slurry with cellulose fibers and other matter is drained, pressed, and dried. The latter step requires considerable energy consumption. In the structure of wet paper, there are two differ-ent types of water: free water and bound water. Free water can be removed most effectively. However, removing bound water consumes a large portion of energy during the process. The focus of this paper is on the intermediate stage of the drying process, from free water toward bound water where the remaining free water is present on the surfaces of the fibers in the form of a liquid film. For simplicity, the drying process considered in this study corresponds to pure convective drying through the paper sheet. The physics of removing a thin liquid film trapped between fibers in the paper drying process is explored. The film is assumed to be incompressible, viscous, and subject to evaporation, thermocapillarity, and surface tension. By using a volume of fluid (VOF) model, the effect of the previously mentioned parameters on drying behavior of the thin film is investigated.

scholarly journals Dynamics of a thin liquid film interacting with an oscillating nano-probe

Soft Matter ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 7736-7752 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Ledesma-Alonso ◽  
Philippe Tordjeman ◽  
Dominique Legendre
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Wetting Transition ◽  
Afm Probe ◽  
Critical Oscillation

The coupling of a liquid thin film to an oscillating AFM probe is modelled. An analysis was performed to understand the critical oscillation parameters and the probe wetting transition.

The motion of a curling rock

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. A. Shegelski ◽  
Ross Niebergall ◽  
Mark A. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Dry Friction ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Kinetic Friction ◽  
Contact Areas ◽  
Wet Friction

We present a plausible physical model that accounts for the motion of a curling rock. The principal features of the model are (i) that the kinetic friction induces melting of the ice with the consequence that the curling rock experiences both "dry friction," when encountering solid ice, as well as "wet friction," for contact areas that pass over the thin film of liquid water lying above the ice; (ii) that the wet friction is velocity dependent; and (iii) that the curling rock is able, in its last stages of motion, to drag some of the thin liquid film part way around the rock, which significantly enhances the curl of the rock. We compare the model to actual trajectories of curling rocks.

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