Construction over organic soils in an urban environment: four case histories

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-356
Author(s):  
R A Gould ◽  
Philip R Bedell ◽  
J G Muckle
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Case History ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Sanitary Sewer ◽  
Unique Method

Four case histories relating to construction over organic soils in an urban environment are reported. Three of the cases can be classified as failures; buildings were unwittingly constructed over organic soils and the subsequent performance of the buildings was unsatisfactory. The presence of peat was recognized in the fourth case, but the design was carried out to accommodate the resulting settlements. Case history 1 deals with a small industrial mall that was founded in fill and was partially located over a peat-filled pocket. The building experienced large differential settlements, and extensive repairs consisting of piled foundations in the affected area were required. Case histories 2 and 3 concern single-family houses that were founded in fill overlying organic soils. Differential settlement caused severe damage to the houses. Repairs were required and consisted of levelling the structures on the original foundations and reducing the loads to minimize future settlements. In addition, a unique method of foundation wall reinforcement was employed in case history 2. Case history 4 documents the performance of a municipal roadway and sanitary sewer constructed over a deposit of organic materials. This sewer was designed with a flexible pipe to float within the fill over the compressible material, with provision being made for future settlement. Settlements of the road surface have been monitored. The information presented should assist the design engineer in mitigating the effects of having compressible, organic subsoils beneath structures.Key words: organic soils, peat, case histories, settlement.

CPT-based liquefaction case histories compiled from three earthquakes in Canterbury, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302199636
Author(s):  
Mertcan Geyin ◽  
Brett W Maurer ◽  
Brendon A Bradley ◽  
Russell A Green ◽  
Sjoerd van Ballegooy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Case History ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
History Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Manifestation ◽  
The Many

Earthquakes occurring over the past decade in the Canterbury region of New Zealand have resulted in liquefaction case-history data of unprecedented quantity. This provides the profession with a unique opportunity to advance the prediction of liquefaction occurrence and consequences. Toward that end, this article presents a curated dataset containing ∼15,000 cone-penetration-test-based liquefaction case histories compiled from three earthquakes in Canterbury. The compiled, post-processed data are presented in a dense array structure, allowing researchers to easily access and analyze a wealth of information pertinent to free-field liquefaction response (i.e. triggering and surface manifestation). Research opportunities using these data include, but are not limited to, the training or testing of new and existing liquefaction-prediction models. The many methods used to obtain and process the case-history data are detailed herein, as is the structure of the compiled digital file. Finally, recommendations for analyzing the data are outlined, including nuances and limitations that users should carefully consider.

Empowering local food connections for resilient city-regions. Planning through foodsheds or terroir?

TERRITORIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Rositsa Todorova Ilieva
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Supply Systems

This essay explores two antonimic approaches adopted by planning to describe food production and supply systems deeply rooted in local communities. The fi rst is based on the concept of a ‘foodshed' and puts the accent on sustainability and ‘resilience', while the second refers to the notion of ‘terroir', with the emphasis on oneness and the intrinsic value of locally produced food. Through a reading of English and Italian case histories, the essay critically analyses the two approaches, their feasibility and the different results achieved in terms of effi ciency and effectiveness. The analysis is organised in two sections, each of which introduces the case history with a brief theoretical introduction. In the conclusions, the antynomy between the two approaches is re-examined and possible research developments on the subject are identifi ed.

The Plight of City - The Thinking on Chinese Urban Ecology

2012 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Jia Hua Qi ◽  
Wen Jun Zhang ◽  
Ran Li
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Equal Sharing ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Technological Means

The rapid development of cities gave severe challenges to urban environment, the problem of how to rebuild the urban environment has never been as pressing as it is. Compared to the traditional urban construction theory, ecology pays more attention to scientific and technological means to make a systematic study and comprehensive improvement of urban problems, to harmonize urban residents and environment. The green natural environment and the distinctive humanism are not only basic factors of urban ecological environment, but also basic indexes to evaluate the quality of the urban ecological environment. Based on the principle, this paper puts forward some ideas, such as the limited resources in cities, equal sharing in resources, development of human potential, so as to solve the environmental dilemma in the process of urbanization, and to take the road of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Design Method of ADAS for Urban Electric Vehicle Based on Virtual Prototyping

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jezierska-Krupa ◽  
Wojciech Skarka
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Virtual Prototyping ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
The Road ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Positive Effect

Since 2012, the Smart Power Team has been actively participating in the Shell Eco-marathon, which is a worldwide competition. From the very beginning, the team has been working to increase driver’s safety on the road by developing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. This paper presents unique method for designing ADAS systems in order to minimize the costs of the design phase and system implementation and, at the same time, to maximize the positive effect the system has on driver and vehicle safety. The described method is based on using virtual prototyping tool to simulate the system performance in real-life situations. This approach enabled an iterative design process, which resulted in reduction of errors with almost no prototyping and testing costs.

scholarly journals Retesting of Liquefaction/Nonliquefaction Case Histories in the Imperial Valley

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robb E. S. Moss ◽  
Brian D. Collins ◽  
Daniel H. Whang
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Back Analysis ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Data Points ◽  
History Database ◽  
Strong Ground

This paper describes the retesting of liquefaction and nonliquefaction field case histories in the Imperial Valley using the electric cone penetration test (CPT). Subsurface testing of the River Park and Heber Road sites first occurred following the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake (Bennett et. al. 1981, Youd and Bennett 1983). These two sites are rich in information because they have experienced several earthquakes in recent history, have been subjected to moderate levels of strong ground shaking, the liquefiable layers have appreciable fines content, and the sites contain a number of high-quality nonliquefied data points. The recent liquefaction case history database for probabilistic assessment of liquefaction triggering by Moss et. al. (2003), is based primarily on data acquired using the modern electric cone following ASTM D5778. Case histories previously explored with a cone not adhering to current ASTM standards may introduce significant epistemic uncertainty into the assessment of liquefaction potential and are considered sub-optimal for probabilistic analysis purposes. This paper describes the acquisition and analysis of modern electric cone data at the Heber Road and River Park sites. These important sites can now be incorporated into the probabilistic CPT-based liquefaction case history database and used for back-analysis of liquefaction triggering. Discussed are the effects of ground motion character and frequency content on liquefaction at these two sites and how this influences the results using a simplified liquefaction procedure.

scholarly journals Hypertension among coal mining workers associated with parental hypertension in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Kurnia Ardiansyah Akbar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Case History ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension

Hypertension is a chronic disease with its prevalence increasing from 2013 to 2018 among population of Indonesia. In 2013 the prevalence of hypertension was 25.8%, and in 2018 it increased to 34.1%. Therefore, the participation of all related parties, both doctors and health professionals from various fields of hypertension specialization, government, the private sector, and the public, is needed to control hypertension. One of the private parties that has the authority to participate in the prevention of hypertension in Indonesia is business. One sector that has a large workforce is the coal mining sector. This study aimed to look at the influence exerted by hypertension in parents’ case history on risks of incidence withhypertension among coal mining workers. This study is a cross-sectional one with two variables, namely hypertension in parents’ case histories and hypertension among coal mining workers performed on a sampling including 360 coal mining workers. The results showed that if a father had hypertension in his case history the risk of incidence with hypertension among coal mining workers was 3.143 times higher because OR = 3.143; 95% CI (1.568 <OR <6.229), while if a mother had hypertension in her case history the risk of incidence with hypertension among coal mining workers is 6.519 times higher because OR = 6.519; 95% CI (3,267 <OR <13,008) and if parents have hypertension in their case history, the risk of incidence with hypertension among coal mine workers is 6.061 times higher because OR = 6.061; 95% CI (2,910 <OR <12,625). The Conclusion is enough to prove that hereditary or genetic factors play a role in the increased risk of hypertension in coal mining workers.

scholarly journals The Contested Gallery: street art, ethnography and the search for urban understandings

AmeriQuests ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
The Road ◽  
The City

This is a paper on street art and its role as a form of artistic insurrection that challenges popular understandings of public space and urban visual culture. I would like to think of it as a field guide to urban seeing, a means of revising the way in which we view the cityscape and its imagery. It is a way of imagining the city as a canvas onto which ideas may be inscribed and reinterpreted, where resistance percolates up to those who look for it. It is here, in what Kathleen Stewart has called a “place by the side of the road” that the work of the street artist exists, slowly gurgling up through the cracks in the sidewalk and briefly illuminated by the yellow-white glow of the street lights. Street art most often takes the form of adhesive stickers, spray-painted stencils, and wheat-pasted posters, and while it shares many similar aesthetic and cultural characteristics with graffiti, street art embodies a unique ideology. Graffiti represents a territorialization of space (‘tagging’, or reclaiming urban spaces through the use of pseudonyms as territorial markings); street art represents a reterritorialization of space. Rather than taking space, street art attempts to re-purpose the existing urban environment. This paper seeks to reflect the changing dynamic of urban space through an analysis of the practice of street art. By examining the roles that street artists play in disrupting the flow of visual noise in the city, I will illuminate the cultural value and significance of this form of urban artistic resistance.

scholarly journals Inhabitable Bridge Infrastructure: A Reappropriation of the Street from Vehicular to Pedestrian Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sacha Marthinez
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Scale ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Automobile Use ◽  
St Lawrence River

For the past century urban infrastructures have been designed primarily with automobile use in mind. The built environment consequently reflects a neglect of the human scale, that is, pedestrians. This thesis looks at existing contemporary bridges and explores ways of bringing pedestrian-scaled activity and vitality back onto the bridge, thereby breaking the confines of vehicular bridges to create a continuum of the urban environment on both ends. This thesis investigates methods of integration and coordination of vehicular and pedestrian traffic as a way to maintain the bridge as a “connector” for transport purposes, resulting in a future where bridges may facilitate a higher quality urban environment. The site for this thesis is the Jacques Cartier Bridge, a vehicular bridge that spans the St. Lawrence River in Montreal. This thesis examines the history of the street versus the road, place versus non-place, mobility versus transport and the influence of the Megastructuralist movement in Montreal as applicable elements for future bridge design. This thesis will also find ways to reacquaint itself with the estranged concept of the inhabitable bridge and demonstrating how it can be reintegrated into current and future infrastructural bridge concepts.

scholarly journals How Do eHMIs Affect Pedestrians’ Crossing Behavior? A Study Using a Head-Mounted Display Combined with a Motion Suit

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Kooijman ◽  
Riender Happee ◽  
Joost de Winter
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Forward Motion ◽  
The Road ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Human Machine Interfaces ◽  
Do So

In future trac, automated vehicles may be equipped with external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) that can communicate with pedestrians. Previous research suggests that, during first encounters, pedestrians regard text-based eHMIs as clearer than light-based eHMIs. However, in much of the previous research, pedestrians were asked to imagine crossing the road, and unable or not allowed to do so. We investigated the effects of eHMIs on participants’ crossing behavior. Twenty-four participants were immersed in a virtual urban environment using a head-mounted display coupled to a motion-tracking suit. We manipulated the approaching vehicles’ behavior (yielding, nonyielding) and eHMI type (None, Text, Front Brake Lights). Participants could cross the road whenever they felt safe enough to do so. The results showed that forward walking velocities, as recorded at the pelvis, were, on average, higher when an eHMI was present compared to no eHMI if the vehicle yielded. In nonyielding conditions, participants showed a slight forward motion and refrained from crossing. An analysis of participants’ thorax angle indicated rotation towards the approaching vehicles and subsequent rotation towards the crossing path. It is concluded that results obtained via a setup in which participants can cross the road are similar to results from survey studies, with eHMIs yielding a higher crossing intention compared to no eHMI. The motion suit allows investigating pedestrian behaviors related to bodily attention and hesitation.

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