Antimicrobial characterization and safety aspects of the bacteriocinogenicEnterococcus hiraeF420 isolated from Moroccan raw goat milk

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Achemchem ◽  
R. Cebrián ◽  
J. Abrini ◽  
M. Martínez-Bueno ◽  
E. Valdivia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Gene ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Resistance To Heat

The F420 strain, isolated from raw goat milk and identified as Enterococcus hirae , was selected because of its strong activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes . Interestingly, the F420 strain lacks the virulence genes and decarboxylase activity of histidine, lysine, and ornithine, and it is susceptible to 11 of 14 tested antibiotics, including vancomycin. The antimicrobial compounds produced by E. hirae F420 strain showed high resistance to heat treatment and to acidic and basic pHs. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis coupled with the sequence of peptide and structural gene analysis of one of the purified enterocins showed 100% identity with enterocin P (EntP), previously described in E. faecium strains. The structural gene for EntP is located on a plasmid of 65 kb. Other enterocins with molecular mass higher than 7 kDa were also detected. This is the first report of the production of EntP by E. hirae species naturally occurring in foods. The biotechnological characteristics of the F420 strain and its enterocins indicate their potential for application in the control of L. monocytogenes and other undesirable bacteria in food systems.

scholarly journals Distribution and antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria associated with lychee fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 2079-2085
Author(s):  
LIN-HU NAN ◽  
◽  
YI-SHENG CHEN ◽  
HUI-CHUNG WU ◽  
YU-CHING SU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Lychee is a popular fruit in China and southeastern Asia. Although it is very popular, the microbiota of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) associated with lychee remains poorly described. Lychee samples from seven different markets located in three cities in Taiwan were collected and a total of 104 LAB were isolated. Through RFLP analyses of 16S rDNA and rpoA genes for grouping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, these isolates were finally divided into 6 groups (A to F). The most common genera of LAB in lychee samples were Weissella and Leuconostoc. Weissella confusa strain E was found to produce a bacteriocin active against Listeria monocytogenes and some other Gram-positive bacteria. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the bacteriocin mass to be approximately 3426.77 Da, which is different to other known Weissella bacteriocins. In addition, strain MB7 included in the genus Leuconostoc was identified as potential novel species or subspecies on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA, rpoA and pheS gene sequences. Thus, this is the first report describing the distribution and varieties of LAB associated with lychee fruits. In addition, one potential novel LAB species or subspecies and one potential novel bacteriocin were also reported in this study.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and in vitro anti-bacterial activities of Desplatsia dewevrei (De Wild. & T. Durand)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 373-404
Author(s):  
Oghale Ovuakporie-Uvo ◽  
MacDonald Idu ◽  
Anne O. Itemire
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Useful Plants ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Bacterial Effect

Phytochemicals have been reported to have direct and/or indirect influence on the antibacterial potentials of useful plants. The present study was aimed at determining the phyto-components by traditional methods and GC-MS analysis alongside testing the anti-bacterial activities of Desplatsia dewevrei leaves and fruits. The maceration of 500 g of Desplatsia dewevrei powder in methanol yielded 5.7 g of extract. Qualitatively coumarins were found to be richly present in the leaves while, quinones were most evidently present in the fruits of Desplatsia dewevrei. Quantitative analyses show that the phenolic and tannic acid contents of Desplatsia dewevrei may be the chief compounds responsible for the antibacterial activity of the plant. GC-MS results of Desplatsia dewevrei fruits and leaves respectively showed Gas Chromatograms having 33 and 63 peaks representing different phyto-compounds. Of the 33 and 63 phyto-compounds, Cyclohexanepropanol, alpha.,2,2,6-tetrame-thyl and Farnesyl bromide were recurrent at different retention time. Although Desplatsia dewevrei showed no zone of inhibition for gram negative bacteria, its inhibitory effect on gram positive bacteria is significant. In conclusion, D. dewevrei is a phytochemical rich plant. However, a further study on the anti-bacterial effect of Desplatsia dewevrei using solvent extracts other than methanol is recommended for future incorporation in drug development.

scholarly journals Profiling and tandem mass spectrometry analysis of aminoacylated phospholipids in Bacillus subtilis 

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Atila ◽  
Yu Luo
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Modern Mass

Cationic modulation of the dominantly negative electrostatic structure of phospholipids plays an important role in bacterial response to changes in the environment. In addition to zwitterionic phosphatidylethanolamine, Gram-positive bacteria are also abundant in positively charged lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol. Increased amounts of both types of lipids render Gram-positive bacterial cells more resistant to cationic antibiotic peptides such as defensins.  Lysyl and alanyl-phosphatidylglycerol as well as alanyl-cardiolipin have also been studied by mass spectroscopy. Phospholipids modified by other amino acids have been discovered by chemical analysis of the lipid lysate but have yet to be studied by mass spectroscopy. We exploited the high sensitivity of modern mass spectroscopy in searching for substructures in complex mixtures to establish a sensitive and thorough screen for aminoacylated phospholipids. The search for deprotonated aminoacyl anions in lipid extracted fromBacillus subtilisstrain 168 yielded strong evidence as well as relative abundance of aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerols, which serves as a crude measure of the specificity of aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol synthase MprF. No aminoacyl-cardiolipin was found. More importantly, the second most abundant species in this category is D-alanyl-phosphatidylglycerol, suggesting a possible role in the D-alanylation pathway of wall- and lipo-teichoic acids.

scholarly journals Peptidome: Chaos or Inevitability

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13128
Author(s):  
Irina Lyapina ◽  
Vadim Ivanov ◽  
Igor Fesenko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Small Open Reading Frame ◽  
Large Peptide

Thousands of naturally occurring peptides differing in their origin, abundance and possible functions have been identified in the tissue and biological fluids of vertebrates, insects, fungi, plants and bacteria. These peptide pools are referred to as intracellular or extracellular peptidomes, and besides a small proportion of well-characterized peptide hormones and defense peptides, are poorly characterized. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that unknown bioactive peptides are hidden in the peptidomes of different organisms. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of generation and properties of peptidomes across different organisms. Based on their origin, we propose three large peptide groups—functional protein “degradome”, small open reading frame (smORF)-encoded peptides (smORFome) and specific precursor-derived peptides. The composition of peptide pools identified by mass-spectrometry analysis in human cells, plants, yeast and bacteria is compared and discussed. The functions of different peptide groups, for example the role of the “degradome” in promoting defense signaling, are also considered.

scholarly journals Profiling and tandem mass spectrometry analysis of aminoacylated phospholipids in Bacillus subtilis 

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Atila ◽  
Yu Luo
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Modern Mass

Cationic modulation of the dominantly negative electrostatic structure of phospholipids plays an important role in bacterial response to changes in the environment. In addition to zwitterionic phosphatidylethanolamine, Gram-positive bacteria are also abundant in positively charged lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol. Increased amounts of both types of lipids render Gram-positive bacterial cells more resistant to cationic antibiotic peptides such as defensins.  Lysyl and alanyl-phosphatidylglycerol as well as alanyl-cardiolipin have also been studied by mass spectroscopy. Phospholipids modified by other amino acids have been discovered by chemical analysis of the lipid lysate but have yet to be studied by mass spectroscopy. We exploited the high sensitivity of modern mass spectroscopy in searching for substructures in complex mixtures to establish a sensitive and thorough screen for aminoacylated phospholipids. The search for deprotonated aminoacyl anions in lipid extracted fromBacillus subtilisstrain 168 yielded strong evidence as well as relative abundance of aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerols, which serves as a crude measure of the specificity of aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol synthase MprF. No aminoacyl-cardiolipin was found. More importantly, the second most abundant species in this category is D-alanyl-phosphatidylglycerol, suggesting a possible role in the D-alanylation pathway of wall- and lipo-teichoic acids.

scholarly journals Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (48) ◽  
pp. E11248-E11255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choongwon Jeong ◽  
Shevan Wilkin ◽  
Tsend Amgalantugs ◽  
Abigail S. Bouwman ◽  
William Timothy Treal Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Sayan Region ◽  
Local Hunter

Recent paleogenomic studies have shown that migrations of Western steppe herders (WSH) beginning in the Eneolithic (ca. 3300–2700 BCE) profoundly transformed the genes and cultures of Europe and central Asia. Compared with Europe, however, the eastern extent of this WSH expansion is not well defined. Here we present genomic and proteomic data from 22 directly dated Late Bronze Age burials putatively associated with early pastoralism in northern Mongolia (ca. 1380–975 BCE). Genome-wide analysis reveals that they are largely descended from a population represented by Early Bronze Age hunter-gatherers in the Baikal region, with only a limited contribution (∼7%) of WSH ancestry. At the same time, however, mass spectrometry analysis of dental calculus provides direct protein evidence of bovine, sheep, and goat milk consumption in seven of nine individuals. No individuals showed molecular evidence of lactase persistence, and only one individual exhibited evidence of >10% WSH ancestry, despite the presence of WSH populations in the nearby Altai-Sayan region for more than a millennium. Unlike the spread of Neolithic farming in Europe and the expansion of Bronze Age pastoralism on the Western steppe, our results indicate that ruminant dairy pastoralism was adopted on the Eastern steppe by local hunter-gatherers through a process of cultural transmission and minimal genetic exchange with outside groups.

scholarly journals The molecular mechanism of N-acetylglucosamine side-chain attachment to the Lancefield group A Carbohydrate inStreptococcus pyogenes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Rush ◽  
Rebecca J. Edgar ◽  
Pan Deng ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Haining Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Group A ◽  
Lancefield Group

AbstractIn many Lactobacillales species (i.e. lactic acid bacteria), peptidoglycan is decorated by polyrhamnose polysaccharides that are critical for cell envelope integrity and cell shape and also represent key antigenic determinants. Despite the biological importance of these polysaccharides, their biosynthetic pathways have received limited attention. The important human pathogen,Streptococcus pyogenes, synthesizes a key antigenic surface polymer—the Lancefield group A carbohydrate (GAC). GAC is covalently attached to peptidoglycan and consists of a polyrhamnose polymer, with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) side chains, which is an essential virulence determinant. The molecular details of the mechanism of polyrhamnose modification with GlcNAc are currently unknown. In this report, using molecular genetics, analytical chemistry and mass spectrometry analysis, we demonstrated that GAC biosynthesis requires two distinct undecaprenol-linked GlcNAc-lipid intermediates: GlcNAc-pyrophosphorylundecaprenol (GlcNAc-P-P-Und) produced by the GlcNAc-phosphate transferase GacO and GlcNAc-phosphate-undecaprenol (GlcNAc-P-Und) produced by the glycosyltransferase GacI. Further investigations revealed that the GAC polyrhamnose backbone is assembled on GlcNAc-P-P-Und. Our results also suggested that a GT-C glycosyltranferase, GacL, transfers GlcNAc from GlcNAc-P-Und to polyrhamnose. Moreover, GacJ, a small membrane-associated protein, formed a complex with GacI and significantly stimulated its catalytic activity. Of note, we observed that GacI homologs perform a similar function inStreptococcus agalactiaeandEnterococcus faecalis. In conclusion, the elucidation of GAC biosynthesis inS. pyogenesreported here enhances our understanding of how other Gram-positive bacteria produce essential components of their cell wall.

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