scholarly journals Rates of nitrogen from nitric and ammoniacal sources required by upland rice genotypes originating from Brazil and Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Augusto Sandoval Contreras ◽  
Mario Sandoval Contreras ◽  
Renan Ribeiro Barzan ◽  
João Pedro Silvestre ◽  
Osmar Rodrigues Brito
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
N Rates

The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial growth, nitrogen (N) uptake, and agronomic efficiency after the use of N fertilizers in upland rice cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse by using pots filled with surface-layer (0 to 20 cm) soil collected from the municipality of Jaguapitã, Paraná. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replications. A factorial scheme of 5 × 2 was used, in which the factors were 5 N rates (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha-1 N) and 2 cultivars of rice (Fedearroz Lagunas [Colombian] and IAPAR- 9 [Brazilian]). The N sources tested were ammonium sulfate (Experiment I) and calcium nitrate (Experiment II). The following variables were evaluated: number of tillers per pot (NTP), dry mass of the shoots (DMS), N content in the dry mass (NCDM), and agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer (AEN). The data obtained in the experiments were evaluated using analysis of variance, and mean values were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% significance for rice cultivar effects or adjusted to polynomial regression equations for N rates. Use of calcium nitrate yielded higher values of NTP, NCDM, and AEN. The cultivar Lagunas showed higher NTP, while IAPAR-9 showed higher DMS. An increase in N rates, for both sources, resulted in the increase of NTP, DMS, and NCDM; however, AEN was decreased.

scholarly journals Energy values of crude glycerin for broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2348-2354
Author(s):  
C. de Souza ◽  
J. Broch ◽  
C. Souza ◽  
L. Wachholz ◽  
T.L. Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Gross Energy

ABSTRACT The energetic values of crude glycerin (CG) were determined for broilers at different ages using the method proposed by Matterson and by polynomial regressions. Two trials were performed with broilers from 11 to 21 and from 31 to 41 days of age. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with a reference ration (RR), without CG, and three ration tests with replacement of 5%, 10%, and 15% of RR by CG. The metabolizable energy values were calculated by the Matterson method, and the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values were used in polynomial regression analysis. The mean values of AME, apparent corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn), metabolizable coefficient of gross energy (CAMEB), and corrected for nitrogen balance (CAMEBn) of CG, for the phase from 11 to 21 days by the Matterson method were 10.08 MJ kg-1, 10.04 MJ kg-1, 67.06%, and 66.74%, respectively. The inclusion of CG presented an increasing linear effect for CAMEB and CAMEBn in this period. From 31 to 41 days, these values were 10.38 MJ kg-1, 10.27 MJ kg-1, 69.02%, and 62.24%, respectively. The predicted AMEn value through the polynomial regression equations was 10.49 MJ kg-1 and 10.18 MJ kg-1, respectively. According to the equations proposed by Matterson, the crude glycerin EMAn values for broilers from 11 to 21 and 31 to 41 days of age were 10.04 MJ kg-1 and 10.26 MJ kg-1, respectively. According to Adeola's method the AMEn values were 10.49 and 10.20 MJ kg-1 for each phase.

scholarly journals Seed treatment with silicon on initial growth of soybean (Glycine max) cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 8809-8817
Author(s):  
Victor Hugo de Carvalho Sousa ◽  
Anderson Tenório De Meneses ◽  
Eduardo Vieira Rodrigues ◽  
Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves ◽  
Toshik Iarley Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Productive Development

Soybean (Glycine max) is a crop of high economic power in the world, being used to produce vegetable oil, as well as a source of food for animals and humans. Recent research indicates that nutrient application in the seed stage contributes to the early and productive development of crops. Since silicon (Si), as a nutrient for plants, acts in the cellular structure and the formation and performance of plant architecture, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of silicon application via seeds on the initial growth of three soybean cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized block. The treatments were replicated three times and distributed in a 3×5 factorial scheme, composed by three soybean cultivars (C1 - FTR 1186 IPRO, C2 - FTR 1192 IPRO and C3 - FTR 3190 IPRO) and five silicon doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 g per 100 kg of seeds). The data were submitted to ANOVA by F-test and polynomial regression analysis for the silicon doses; the cultivars response was evaluated through the Tukey mean test. The treatment of soybean seeds with silicon did not positively influence the root dry mass of the FTR 1192 IPRO, nor the root length and root diameter of the FTR 1186 IPRO. The application of silicon did not influence the FTR 3190 IPRO.

scholarly journals Water and Nitrogen (N) Use Efficiency of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L. × Oryza glaberrima Steud) under Varying N Application Rates

Nitrogen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-166
Author(s):  
Isaac Newton Alou ◽  
Michael van der Laan ◽  
John George Annandale ◽  
Joachim Martin Steyn
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates

Upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems in sub-Saharan Africa are faced with challenges of water stress and nitrogen (N) deficiency, which reduce grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The objective of the study was to determine the response of upland rice to N fertilizer rates under well-watered conditions and to clarify the relationships between WUE and NUE. Upland rice variety Nerica 10 was grown under well-watered conditions and varying N rates in 2014/2015 (Y1) and 2015/2016 (Y2) on the same field at the University of Pretoria’s Hatfield Experimental Farm, South Africa. Yields at harvest increased with increasing N rates, linearly in Y1, and following a quadratic trend in Y2. Mean grain yield was highest (4.5 t ha−1) at 120 kg N ha−1 and lowest (2.4 t ha−1) at 0 kg N ha−1. Agronomic NUE was lowest for 160 kg N ha−1 (11.7 kg kg−1 N), while WUE was highest for the 120 kg N ha−1 (7.58 ± 1.7 kg mm−1) and lowest for 0 kg N ha−1 (4.1 ± 0.9 kg mm−1). Findings revealed that at high N levels, compensative N uptake during tillering can reduce harvest index, WUE, and to a lesser extent, grain N concentration.

scholarly journals Pelletized Soy-based Bioplastic Fertilizers for Container-crop Production

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1417-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. McCabe ◽  
Christopher J. Currey ◽  
James A. Schrader ◽  
David Grewell ◽  
Jake Behrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Soilless Substrate ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Common Application

Research examining biocontainers for container-crop production has demonstrated that bioplastics made from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] can supply mineral nutrients to plants. Using soybean-based bioplastics and biochar (BC), we created pelletized fertilizer designed to be incorporated into soilless substrate. We evaluated the growth of ‘Honeycomb’ marigold (Tagetes patula L.), ‘Montego White’ snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), and ‘Laser Synchro Scarlet’ cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill.) grown with pelletized soy-based bioplastic fertilizers [soy-bioplastic polymer (SP.A) compounded with poly(lactic) acid (PLA) or polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), containing 15% or 25% BC] or a synthetic controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). Our objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of prototype SP.A-based fertilizers and compare their performance to that of a traditional CRF for growing common greenhouse crops. In our first experiment, treatments of 0, 346, or 691 g nitrogen (N)/m3 of substrate from different fertilizer types were applied to marigold in containers with 15.2-cm top diameter, and in our second experiment, 0, 211, 423, 819, or 1638 g N/m3 were applied to marigold, snapdragon, and cyclamen in containers with 11.4-cm top diameter. Marigolds grown in larger containers accumulated more shoot dry mass (SDM) when supplied with 346 or 691 g N/m3 from each type of the SP.A-based fertilizers than did plants in the nonfertilized control group. Plants supplied with synthetic CRF accumulated similar or greater SDM than plants supplied with the same rate of N from SP.A-based fertilizers. In smaller containers, marigold and cyclamen provided with 211 or 423 g N/m3 from SP.A-based fertilizers accumulated more SDM than nonfertilized plants. Snapdragon provided with SP.A-based fertilizer grew poorly, and plants of this species died before the end of 5 weeks when provided the high and heavy rates of SP.A-based fertilizers. Plants fertilized with CRF had the largest SDM across the three species at most fertilizer concentrations. Tissue N concentration and N uptake were greater for plants provided with SP.A-based fertilizers at most N rates (211, 423, 819 g N/m3) or synthetic CRF (all four rates) than for nonfertilized plants. The effectiveness of prototype SP.A-based fertilizers was better at common application rates (211 and 423 g N/m3), but showed a diminishing return at high and heavy rates of application (819 and 1638 g N/m3). The SP.A-based fertilizers made with PLA copolymer were more effective than those made with PHA. Our results serve as proof-of-concept that pelletized soy-based bioplastic fertilizers can be effective for meeting the nutrient needs of plants during containerized-crop production, but formulations require further development to improve their properties for use with a broad range of species and application rates.

scholarly journals Biomass, Efficiency of Nitrogen Conversion and Nitrogen Recovery in Millet Cultivars Under Nitrogen Fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Nelson Rafael da Silva ◽  
Paulo Vitor Divino Xavier de Freitas ◽  
Carlos De Melo e Silva Neto ◽  
Reginaldo Nassar Ferreira ◽  
Leonardo Guimarães Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Recovery ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Nitrogen Conversion ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Apparent Nitrogen Recovery

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of green mass (GM), dry mass (DM), nitrogen contained (NC), bromatological composition, apparent nitrogen conversion efficiency (NCE), and apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR) of millet cultivars (ADR-500, ADR 7020 and LABH 70732) that received different doses of nitrogen (N) (0, 50, 100, 200 kg.ha-1). The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3x4 factorial scheme (three cultivars and four N rates) with four replications. About biomass, only GM showed an interaction between N and millet cultivars. The DM production showed difference only between N doses. The NCE and ANR differed between N doses with decreasing mean values, due to the increase of nitrogen fertilization. The best conversion efficiency was 54.06 kg DM/kg N applied. The best rate of recovery of N occurred with the application of 50 kg N.ha-1. The values of NC varied in the fertilized plots. NCE and ANR differed between millet cultivars. The bromatological composition variables did not differ as a function of the N doses evaluated. In the conditions of the present study, nitrogen fertilization did not influence the production and bromatological composition of millet cultivars. The three cultivars present satisfactory characteristics for use in ruminant feed.

Nitrogen Fertilization of Basil

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481a-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangappa ◽  
H.L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Optimum N Rate ◽  
N Rates

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an important culinary herb in Virginia and other areas. The objective of this study, conducted during 1997, was to determine optimal N rate for fresh and dry matter yield. Seed of Broad Leaf sweet basil were direct-seeded on 18 June in rows 0.75 m apart in a RCBD design with 8 replications. Four N rates (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha) were used. Calcium nitrate (15.5% N) was used as the fertilizer source. All plants from 1-m row length from middle row of each plot were harvested by hand on 23 Sept. and fresh weights were recorded. The plant material was dried at 70°C for 48 h to record dry weights. The moisture content at harvest was calculated from fresh and dry weights. The fresh yields following 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha were 3.7, 5.4, 6.4, and 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The yield difference between two highest N rates was not significant, however, both these rates had significantly higher yield than the two lowest rates. Similar results were also obtained for dry matter yields. The highest N rate of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher dry matter yield (1.3 kg/m2) as compared to the other three rates. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained after the control treatment (0.6 kg/m2). An opposite relationship between N rate and moisture content was observed when the highest moisture content resulted from control and 50 kg N/ha treatments. These results indicate that optimum N rate for sweet basil in Virginia is 50 to 75 kg/ha.

PSVI-8 Meta-regression Analysis to Determine the Relationship Between Growing Pig Body Weight and Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Andres Fernando T Russi ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The swine industry has been constantly evolving to select animals with improved performance traits and to minimize variation in body weight (BW) in order to meet packer specifications. Therefore, understanding variation presents an opportunity for producers to find strategies that could help reduce, manage, or deal with variation of pigs in a barn. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from multiple studies and available data sets in order to develop prediction equations for coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) as a function of BW. Information regarding BW variation from 16 papers was recorded to provide approximately 204 data points. Together, these data included 117,268 individually weighed pigs with a sample size that ranged from 104 to 4,108 pigs. A random-effects model with study used as a random effect was developed. Observations were weighted using sample size as an estimate for precision on the analysis, where larger data sets accounted for increased accuracy in the model. Regression equations were developed using the nlme package of R to determine the relationship between BW and its variation. Polynomial regression analysis was conducted separately for each variation measurement. When CV was reported in the data set, SD was calculated and vice versa. The resulting prediction equations were: CV (%) = 20.04 – 0.135 × (BW) + 0.00043 × (BW)2, R2=0.79; SD = 0.41 + 0.150 × (BW) - 0.00041 × (BW)2, R2 = 0.95. These equations suggest that there is evidence for a decreasing quadratic relationship between mean CV of a population and BW of pigs whereby the rate of decrease is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market. Conversely, the rate of increase of SD of a population of pigs is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market.

scholarly journals Influence of frying parameters and optimization of deep fat frying conditions on the physicochemical and textural properties of chicken nuggets from FUNAAB-Alpha broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. Faloye ◽  
O. P. Sobukola ◽  
T. A. Shittu ◽  
H. A. Bakare
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Deep Fat Frying ◽  
Chicken Nuggets ◽  
Frying Temperature ◽  
Frying Time ◽  
Standard Procedures

Abstract Influence of deep fat frying parameters on quality attributes of chicken nuggets from FUNAAB-Alpha broilers and optimization of the process using Box-Behnken experimental design of response surface methodology was investigated. Fried chicken nuggets were obtained using frying temperature (155–175 °C), frying time (3–7 min) and sample thickness (0.5–2.5 cm) as independent variables. Oil and moisture contents, texture (hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and springiness) and colour (L*, a* and b*) of samples were analyzed using standard procedures. Significance of each term in polynomial regression equations was evaluated on quality attributes. The accuracy of the regression models varied between 0.727 and 0.939. The effect of frying temperature on quality attributes of fried chicken nuggets was more significant (p > 0.05). The optimum frying temperature, frying time and sample thickness are determined as 175 °C, 3 min, 2.32 cm, respectively. Absolute percent error between optimized and experimental data were within the acceptable limit. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Viability of Biofertilizer Produced by an Indian Biodigester Prototype Applied to Sunflower Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Luciano Fernandes Moura ◽  
Pedro Felipe Sousa Teixeira ◽  
Franklin Aragão Gondim ◽  
Francisco Holanda Nunes Junior ◽  
Rifandreo Monteiro Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

Biodigesters have been used to convert biomass into biogas and biofertilizers. This energy use has been important for the reduction of solid waste pollution in the environment. This work aims to analyse the viability of the use of pig biofertilizer produced by an Indian biodigester prototype, monitored by a data acquisition system. The biodigester used was an Indian prototype built on a low cost material that is easy to acquire (polyvinyl chloride-PVC). After the biofertilizer production, we tested its efficiency and viability under conditions of vegetation house in the cultivation of sunflower plants. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement with 4 concentrations of biofertilizer (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1) × 4 harvest periods (14, 21, 25 and 29 days after sowing). We evaluated biometric and vigor parameters by measurements of stem diameter, height of the aerial part, number of leaves and production of fresh and dry matter of roots, aerial and total parts, as well as the relative chlorophyll content. We performed the experiment with five repetitions using two plants each and we submitted the data to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and polynomial regression using the statistical software Sisvar 5.4. The functional Indian biodigester prototype produced a biofertilizer of excellent quality and viability as a biofertilizer for the initial growth of sunflower plants. The biofertilizer served as a nutritional source in the sunflower crop, since it provided increases in all the growth parameters analyzed in relation to the control group (plants in the absence of biofertilizer), especially in the concentration of 120 kg N ha-1.

scholarly journals Nutritional deficiency symptoms of young ‘cedro doce’ plants grown under macronutrient omission

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Simone T. M. de Aquino ◽  
Reila F. dos Santos ◽  
Karine D. Batista
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Index Ratio

ABSTRACT ‘Cedro doce’ [Pochota fendleri (Seem) Alverson & Duarte] is a native forest species in Amazon with great ecological and economic importance. Understanding nutritional requirements of the species allows cultivating Pochota fendleri with more efficient fertilization practices since its initial growth, as a seedling. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the symptoms of nutritional deficiency of young ‘cedro doce’ plants. The experiment was carried out from September to December 2016, under greenhouse conditions, at Embrapa Roraima, in Boa Vista, RR, Brazil. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with seven treatments [complete solution and individual omission of the macronutrients (N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S)] and three replications. Each experimental plot corresponded to a pot with one plant, corresponding to 21 plots. At 77 days after transplanting the seedlings to the pots, the plants were evaluated for symptoms of nutritional deficiency: total height, collar diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a/b index ratio, shoot and root dry mass, and root/shoot ratio. The macronutrients omission caused nutritional deficiency symptoms in all ‘cedro doce’ plants. In general, P and N omission caused the least development of plants. This result is an indicative that ‘cedro doce’ is a high demanding species for both nutrients, especially phosphorus.

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