The influence of bigleaf maple on chemical properties of throughfall, stemflow, and forest floor in coniferous forest in the Pacific Northwest

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Hamdan ◽  
Margaret Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Acer Macrophyllum ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Species Specific

It is predicted that bigleaf maple ( Acer macrophyllum Pursh) will almost double in frequency in British Columbia by 2085 due to climate change. We address whether its frequency increase could influence chemical properties of throughfall, stemflow, and forest floor due to species-specific effects. Eight plots with a single bigleaf maple tree in the centre of conifers were paired with eight Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plots without bigleaf maple. Compared with conifer plots, bigleaf maple throughfall and stemflow had higher pH and K concentration. The under-canopy and near-trunk forest floor associated with bigleaf maple showed higher pH, total exchangeable bases, cation-exchange capacity, and concentrations of exchangeable Ca and Mg. In addition, the near-trunk forest floor had higher base saturation and concentrations and contents of NO3-N and contents of total N and S. Throughfall and stemflow beneath bigleaf maple appear to contribute to higher pH and N availability in the forest floor. The results suggest that there is a soil microsite around bigleaf maple stems that is influenced by stemflow. These enriched microsites proximal to bigleaf maple trunks would allow bigleaf maple to have legacy effects on soil fertility and promote conifer productivity later in succession following bigleaf maple mortality.

The characteristics of Shorea macrophylla’s habitat in Tane’ Olen, Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajri ◽  
Pratiwi PRATIWI ◽  
Yosep Ruslim
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Fajri M, Pratiwi, Ruslim Y. 2020. The characteristics of Shorea macrophylla’s habitat in Tane’ Olen, Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3454-3462.  Shorea macrophylla is a tree species in Tane' Olen forest area. This study analyzed the soil’s physical and chemical properties, topography, and microclimate of S. macrophylla’s habitat. A purposive method was used to select a sampling plot and to place the subplots. Soil was analyzed to determine the physical properties, i.e., texture, bulk density, porosity, and water content, and the chemical properties, i.e., pH, CEC, total N, organic C, C/N ratio, P, K , and Al saturation. Importance value index was determined for each tree species to know the species composition in the study site. Only the dominant species were presented. The soil at the study site had bulk density of 0.60-1.31 gram cm³-1, porosity 50.60%-77.35%, water content 34.88%-95.37%, and soil texture sandy clay. The chemical properties of the soil were as follows: pH was 3.6-4.8, N 0.05%-0.19%, organic C 1.40%-3.65%, P 0.41-1.22 mg 100 gr-1, K 58.68-232.55 mg 100 gr-1, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) 5.35-10.81 meg 100gr -1. Slope ranged between 0 and 25%. The microclimate characteristics were as follows: temperature was 24-26.5°C, relative humidity 76-87%, and light intensity 145-750 Lm. Trees species with an IVI ≥ 10% were S. macrophylla, Madhuca spectabilis, Myristica villosa Warb, Scorodocarpus borneensis, Eugenia spp., Palaquium spp., Macaranga triloba, Syzygium inophyllum and Shorea sp. Positive associations were observed between S. macropylla and S. borneensis, Eugenia spp., Palaquium spp.. and M. triloba, and negative associations were observed between S. macropylla and M. spectabilis, M. villosa Warb, S. inophyllum, and Shorea sp. S. macrophylla grows on riversides with flat and gentle topography, acidic soil, and lower fertility but with suitable microclimate. This species can be recommended to be planted in degraded tropical forest areas but the microclimate and soil properties should be taken into account.

Role of position within the windthrow in forest floor chemistry in the flysch zone of the Carpathians

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1646-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Šamonil ◽  
Barbora Šebková ◽  
Jan Douda ◽  
Tomáš Vrška
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Mineral Horizon ◽  
Total N ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organic Horizons

A hypothesis was verified that forest floor chemistry varies according to position within the windthrow (mound, pit, or control). A parallel assessment was made of differences in the chemistry of horizons and their forms. A total number of 1720 windthrows were studied in the fir–beech primeval forest in the flysch zone of the Western Carpathians. A total of 100 samples were taken on three positions from the following horizons and their forms (in brackets): litter, fermented (amphigenous, zoogenous, or mycogenous), humification (unresolved, zoogenous, residues, or humic), and mineral. A random sampling eliminated the effect of correlation between the horizons and positions. Parameters assessed were Q4/6, HA/FA, C-forms, total N, P, K, and Mg contents, soil reaction, and cation-exchange capacity. The positions exhibited a significant difference in the forest floor chemistry even at a level of horizon forms. The position’s significance decreased with the horizon depth. Organic horizons in the pit, in particular, exhibited the lowest content of total humic substances, fulvic acids, and the lowest colour coefficient values. However, the mineral horizon showed no significant differences between the positions within the windthrow. Compared with other humus types, the decomposing wood mass did not exhibit a different ratio of humic and fulvic acids.

scholarly journals Combined Use of Charcoal, Sago Bark Ash, and Urea Mitigate Soil Acidity and Aluminium Toxicity

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1799
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayah Hamidi ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Latifah Omar ◽  
Huck Ywih Ch'ng
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil N Availability ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Sago Bark

Highly weathered tropical acidic soils are characterized by low pH, low organic matter, and aluminium and iron toxicity. These factors pose a challenge to achieving sustainable agriculture. The continued increase in the human population with the accompanied increasing food demand have negatively impacted the global N cycle partly because of excessive use N fertilizers particularly urea which is commonly used in agriculture. Ammonia volatilization from urea as an example, negatives the environmental quality. This study focuses on soil-N availability, pH, exchangeable acidity, Al3+, and H+ of a highly weathered acid soils (Bekenu series) through the combined use of charcoal, sago bark ash, and urea. To this end, an incubation study was conducted for 90 days through the combined use of charcoal, sago bark ash, and urea to determine if this approach could improve soil N availability and pH at the same time reducing exchangeable acidity, and Al3+, and H+ toxicity. The amount of urea used was fixed at 100% as the recommended rate. Charcoal and sago bark ash were varied by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively of the recommended rate. Selected soil physico-chemical properties were determined using standard procedures. This study revealed that combined use of charcoal, sago bark ash, and urea increased soil pH and base cations simultaneously the approach also reduced exchangeable acidity, exchangeable Al3+, and exchangeable H+. There were no significant differences in soil total N, exchangeable NH4+, and available NO3− for the combined use of charcoal, sago bark ash, and urea and urea alone because of the acid neutralizing effect of the amendments. Apart from the sago bark ash’s liming effect, the high affinity of the functional groups of the charcoal for Al3+ might have impeded Al3+ from undergoing hydrolysis to produce more H+ because a complete one mole of Al3+ hydrolysis produces three moles of H+. Thus, the combined use of charcoal and sago bark ash can mitigate soil acidity and aluminium toxicity, although this approach has minimal effect on-N.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOST, HUMIC ACID AND PURE FULVATE ON IMPROVEMENT OF ULTISOL SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Resman ◽  
Sahta Ginting ◽  
Muhammad Tufaila ◽  
Fransiscus Suramas Rembon ◽  
Halim
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Exchangeable Al

The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of compost containing humic and fulvic acids, and pure humic and fulvic acids in increasing of Ultisol soil chemical properties. The research design used a randomized block design (RBD), consisting of 10 treatments, namely K0: 0 g polybag-1, KO1: 500 g polybag-1, KO2: 500 g polybag-1, KO3: 500 g polybag-1, KO4: 500 g polybag-1, KO5: 500 g polybag-1, KO6: 500 g polybag-1, KO7: 500 g of polybags-1, H: 50 g of polybag-1, A: 500 g polybag-1. Each treatment was repeated three times and obtained 30 treatment units. The results showed that pH H2O (K0: 4.49, KO1: 5.64, KO2: 5.47, KO3: 5.43, KO4: 5.51, KO5: 5.39, KO6: 5.48, KO7: 6.17, H: 5.06, F: 5.15), total-N (%) (K0: 0.13, KO1: 0.17, KO2: 0.18, KO3: 0.30, KO4: 0.25, KO5: 0.24, KO6: 0.29, KO7: 0.36, H: 0.16, F: 0.14), organic-C (%) (K0: 1.85, KO1; 2.30, KO2: 2.24, KO3: 2.33, KO4: 2.62, KO5: 2.25, KO6: 2.27, KO7: 2.95, H: 2.32, F: 2.26) , available-P (%) (K0: 2.75, KO1: 3.24, KO2: 3.16, KO3: 3.27, KO4: 3.57, KO5: 3.31, KO6: 3.37, KO7: 3.89, H: 3.10, F: 3.12), exchangeable-Al (me100g-1) (K0: 2.51, KO1: 2.11, KO2: 2.13, KO3: 2.15, KO4: 1.88, KO5: 2.14, KO6: 2.12, KO7: 1.75, H: 2.16, F: 2.17), base saturation (%) (K0: 30.91, KO1: 63.48, KO2: 52.63, KO3: 53.76, KO4: 56.13, KO5: 54.96, KO6: 56.71, KO7: 65.53, H: 39.11, F: 42.76), cation exchange capacity (me100g-1) (K0: 12.76, KO1: 15.64, KO2: 14.86, KO3: 14.35, KO4: 14.13, KO5: 15.01, KO6: 15.50, KO7: 17.94, H: 14.19, F: 13.73). The combined compost treatment of three types of organic matter (Imperata cylindrica + Rice straw + Glincidia sepium) is more effective in increasing the pH, H2O as 37.42%, total-N as 176.92%, Organic-C as 59.46%, available-P as 41.45%, base saturation as 65.53%, cation exchange capacity as 17.94% and exchangeable -Al, Alreduction as 30.28% of ultisol soil. KEY WORDS: compost, humic acid, fulvate, soil chemical, ultisol

Properties of soils in the marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar, Philippines

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Kenneth Oraiz ◽  
Victor Asio
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Total N ◽  
Upland Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
High Base

The widespread occurrence of marginal uplands is a serious agricultural and ecological problem in the Philippines. The study evaluated the morphological and physico-chemical properties of soils in the marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar. Three soil profiles located at different physiographic positions were examined and sampled. Findings revealed that the marginal upland soils were derived from mudstone. They were characterized by an Ap-Bt-BC horizon sequence and they were clayey with moderate to high porosity and water holding capacity values. The soils were friable in their surface horizons when moist, but plastic and sticky when wet. The soils had pH(water) values ranging from 5.20 to 6.86, indicating that soil acidity was not yet a serious problem in these soils. The soils had moderate soil organic matter contents in their surface horizons but low amounts in subsurface horizons. Total N and available P of the soils were low and a problem for crop production. However, the soils had moderate to high exchangeable bases and cation exchange capacity values. In terms of degree of soil development, the marginal upland soils was observed to be mature as reflected by their horizonation, particularly by the presence of an argillic horizon (B horizon with high clay accumulation). But they still had high base saturation, suggesting that they were not yet highly leached and thus, were classified as Typic Hapludalfs or Haplic Luvisols.

Post-fire forest floor development along toposequences of white spruce - trembling aspen mixedwood communities in west-central Alberta

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 892-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
T I Little ◽  
D J Pluth ◽  
I G.W Corns ◽  
D W Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
N Concentration

After wildfire in the boreal forest, storage of organic carbon (C) begins with the accumulation of forest floor material. Soil properties of Gray Luvisols were studied to determine the differences in development along three toposequences. Our central hypothesis is that slope position does not influence the amount of accumulated organic C and total nitrogen (N) in the forest floor. Organic C and the C/N ratio in the forest floor and in A and B horizons increased from the crest to the toe of the slope. The forest floor contributed 2.0 ± 0.4 kg C·m–2 (mean ± SE) at the crest to 3.5 ± 0.5 kg C·m–2 at the toe. Throughout the solum, the C/N ratio was lower at the top of the slope compared with the toe (p < 0.05), and there were no differences among slope positions for in situ net N mineralization rates. Leaf area index, used as a proxy for net primary productivity, was greater (p < 0.05) at the toe compared with the crest position, and it was negatively correlated with forest floor total N concentration (r = –0.35, p = 0.027). These results, from mixedwood stands approximately 90 years after the last major fire disturbance, indicate that slope position does influence forest floor organic C by horizon volume (p = 0.02), but not total N concentration (p = 0.07). Despite the apparently lower N availability at the toe position, it exhibited the greatest potential productivity.

Biomass and mineral capital of epiphytes in an Acer macrophyllum community of a temperate moist coniferous forest, Olympic Peninsula, Washington State

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2223-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalini M. Nadkarni
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Acer Macrophyllum ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Olympic Mountains ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Epiphyte Community

The epiphyte community of a Pacific northwest temperate rain forest makes up a conspicuous portion of the canopy, especially on the Acer macrophyllum trees that grow along river terraces of wet western slopes of the Olympic Mountains. Destructive sampling methods were used to assess the composition, biomass, and nutrient concentrations of live and dead epiphytes on representative host trees to determine the mineral capital contained in the epiphytic components of the standing vegetation. Average epiphyte standing crop on mature Acer macrophyllum trees is 35.5 kg. The nutrient capital (grams) is N, 370; P, 44; K, 145; Ca, 270; Mg, 50; and Na, 9. Although epiphyte biomass constitutes less than 2% of total aboveground ecosystem dry weight, it is equivalent to nearly four times the foliar biomass of host trees on a single-tree basis. Epiphytes are efficient at garnering nutrients from atmospheric sources and retaining them within the biotic portion of the ecosystem. They supplement the nutrient-gathering apparatus of host trees and buffer nutrient pulses on a short-term and on a seasonal basis.

STORAGE EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT MINERALIZATION IN CONIFEROUS FOREST FLOOR SAMPLES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. ARP ◽  
H. B. KING ◽  
H. H. KRAUSE
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization ◽  
Storage Effects ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
A Minor

Forest floor samples were obtained from three mature, even-aged, naturally regenerated conifer stands which varied with respect to drainage and indigenous soil fertility. Field moist subsamples were stored for 200 days in a refrigerator maintained at 4 °C and in a freezer maintained at − 10 °C; in addition, forest floor samples, dried at 60 °C for 48 h, were stored at room temperature. Subsamples were extracted initially and at predetermined time intervals with 2 N KCl (to determine mineral NH4+-N and NO3−-N), with neutral 1 N ammonium acetate (to determine water-soluble + exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg), and with distilled water (to determine soluble P). At 4 °C, extractable NH4+-N changed little during the first week of storage but increased steadily thereafter at rates which appeared to increase with increasing total N. Nitrification, present only in the sample taken from the most fertile site, commenced after 40 days of refrigerated storage. Concentrations of soluble P decreased initially, but rose thereafter at low, moderate, and high rates depending on total P. Freezing changed mineral NH4+-N to a minor extent, whereas NO3−-N was not affected. Concentrations of soluble P increased steadily during the first 2 mo of storage at − 10 °C. Levels of extractable K, Ca, and Mg were not affected by refrigeration and by length of storage time, but freezing increased extractable K considerably. Drying at 60 °C for 48 h produced abrupt increases in exchangeable + water-soluble nutrient levels. Further changes, however, were not observed during subsequent storage at room temperature.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Beberapa Formula Pupuk Terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.) di Subak Tegal Lantang Kecamatan Denpasar Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
MADE KRISNANDA ADI SAPUTRA ◽  
KETUT DHARMA SUSILA ◽  
TATI BUDI KUSMIYARTI
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Effect of Some Fertilizer Formulas on Soil Chemical Properties and Yield of Green Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Subak Tegal Lantang, West Denpasar District. The aims of this study is to determine the effect of several fertilizer formulas on soil chemical properties and yield of green mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Subak Tegal Lantang, West Denpasar District. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 6 treatments including controls and repeated 4 times with a total of 24 treatment plots. Fertilization treatment consists of three types of fertilizers, namely organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and biofertilizer. The fertilizer formula tested consisted of P0 = control (without fertilizer), P1= 5 tons of compost ha-1 + 300kg Phonska ha-1 + 200kg Urea ha-1, P2= 5 tons of compost ha-1 + 300kg Phonska ha-1 + 200kg Urea ha-1 + biofertilizer (1 cc / liter water / plot), P3= 10 tons of compost ha-1 + 300kg Phonska ha-1 + 200kg Urea ha-1, P4= 10 tons of compost ha-1 + 300kg Phonska ha-1 + 200kg Urea ha-1 + biofertilizer (1 cc / liter of water / plot), P5= biofertilizer with a concentration of 1 cc / liter of water / plot. The data from the observed parameters then analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (Anova) to determine the significance of the treatment. If it has a significant effect on the parameters observed, then it will be followed by the LSD test at the 5% real level. The results of study showed that the fertilizer formula treatment had a very significant effect on organic-C (P <0,01) and significantly affected the plant fresh weight (P <0,05), but had no significant effect on the acidity (pH), total-N, available-K, available-P, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, plant height, number of leaves, and plant dry weight. The P4 fertilizer formula gave the highest increase in soil organic-C content significantly by 2.99% or an increase of 66% compared to the control and gave the highest yield of fresh greens mustard by 23.64 tons ha-1.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Soils Developing from Gabbro, Phyllite and Chert Parent Rock in Karangsambung District

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Ratna Taher ◽  
Makruf Nurudin ◽  
Eko Hanudin
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Parent Rock ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

Understanding the nature of the soil is very important to know the potential and the proper management of the soil. This study aimed to determine the differences in morphological, physical, and chemical properties of the soils developing from gabbro, phylitte and chert parent materials. The soil profile was made to represent each parent rock of gabbro, phyllite and chert located on the upper and middle slopes with pine-dominated vegetation and mixed gardens. Observation in the field is a professional description to observe soil morphology. Soil samples were taken at each horizon to analyze soil physical properties (bulk density, particle density, and texture), soil chemical properties (pH, exchanged cations, cation exchange capacity, available P, organic C, and total N). Texture analysis results showed that clay content of the soil developing from parent rock of Gabro 1 is the highest, followed by the soil clay content from  Chert 1, Phyllite 1, Chert 2, Phyllite 2, and Gabbro 2, respectively. The order of soil acidity level (pH) is Gabbro 2 > Gabbro 1> Chert 1 ~ Chert 2 > Phyllite 1 ~ Phyllite 2. Meanwhile, the order of the cation exchange capacity is Gabbro 1> Gabbro 2> Phyllite 1> Chert 1> Phyllite 2> Chert 2, and the order of the base saturation is Chert 2> Gabbro 2> Chert 1> Phyllite 2 > Phyllite1> Gabbro 1.

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