Croissance et enracinement de deux provenances d'Épinette noire en fonction de la densité apparente du sol et de ses propriétés hydriques

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Prévost ◽  
Hassan A. Bolghari
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Deep Root ◽  
Seed Origin

As part of a study to determine the parameters for effective scarification and promotion of black spruce natural regeneration, an invitro experiment was conducted to assess growth and rooting ability in sandy soils of four bulk densities (0.85, 1.05, 1.25, and 1.45 g cm−3). The experiment included seeds from two origins, one representative of a well-drained upland site and the other, of a poorly drained lowland site. Results show that black spruce successfully established itself in all bulk densities under study. Shoot growth was best in bulk density 1.25 g cm−3 with the seeds of upland origin. It was also good for seeds of both origins in the 0.85 and 1.05 g cm−3 soils. However, seedlings established in the soil compacted to 1.45 g cm−3 showed reduced growth. Bulk densities of 0.85 and 1.05 g cm−3 favored deep root penetration, whereas densities of 1.25 and 1.45 g cm−3 restricted rooting. As a whole, upland seedlings developed better rooting than lowland seedlings, indicating that the selected sites of origin could represent two distinct ecotypes. As to allocation between shoots and roots, an interaction was found between bulk density and seed origin.

Typology of the natural regeneration in a middle-aged Scots pine forest

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Schepper
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Forest Practice ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

The  study describes the natural regeneration state of a forest on coarse sandy  soils. The natural regeneration was studied in three different ecological  conditions: in 30 to 60 year old Scots pine stands, in a 62 year old mixed  stand of pedunculate oak and red oak, and on the free field.     The analysis of the regeneration groups revealed that the first settler  maintained a dominant social position during the following years after the  settlement. The structural basis is consequently laid out early. This means  that the forest practice has to consider the very first phase of the  regeneration as determining for the following evolution of the regeneration  groups.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cold-Developed vs. Cold-Acclimated Leaves Reveals Various Strategies of Cold Acclimation of Field Pea Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 2964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Husičková ◽  
Jan F. Humplík ◽  
Miroslav Hýbl ◽  
Lukáš Spíchal ◽  
Dušan Lazár
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Quenching Analysis ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Whole Plants

Peas (Pisum sativum L.) belong among the world’s oldest domesticated crops, serving as a source of proteins, complex carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Autumn sowing allows a higher biomass production as well as the avoidance of the drought and heat stresses of late spring. However, the character of European continental winters limits plant growth and development through cold stress. This work sought parameters that reflect the cold tolerance of pea plants and consequently to suggest an afila-type pea cultivar with resilience to European continental winters. For this purpose, we employed indoor remote sensing technology and compared the 22-day-long acclimation to 5 °C of four pea cultivars: Arkta, with normal leaves and the known highest cold resistance to European continental winters, and Enduro, Terno and CDC Le Roy, all of the afila type. Besides evaluation of shoot growth rate and quenching analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) by imaging methods, we measured the chlorophyll content and ChlF induction with a nonimaging fluorometer. Here we show that the acclimation to cold of the Arkta exhibits a different pattern than the other cultivars. Arkta showed the fastest retardation of photosynthesis and shoot growth, which might be part of its winter survival strategy. Terno, on the other hand, showed sustained photosynthetic performance and growth, which might be an advantageous strategy for spring. Surprisingly, Enduro showed sustained photosynthesis in the stipules, which transferred and acclimated to 5 °C (cold-acclimated). However, of all the cultivars, Enduro had the strongest inhibition of photosynthesis in new stipules that developed after the transition to cold (cold-developed). We conclude that the parameters of ChlF spatial imaging calculated as averages from whole plants are suboptimal for the characterization of various cold acclimation strategies. The most marked changes were obtained when the new cold-developed leaves were analyzed separately from the rest of the plant.

scholarly journals Nematodes in relation to plant growth, IV. Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) on orchard trees.

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hoestra ◽  
M. Oostenbrink
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Considerable Damage

The damage caused by Pratylenchus penetrans in orchards is discussed. In 2 experimental fields containing 4 varieties of apple, there was good evidence of a decrease in yield with increased nematode density before apple seedlings were planted. Heavy nematode infestations reduced shoot growth by more than 50%. A concentration of 100 nematodes per 300 ml. of soil may cause considerable damage. The process of infestation and symptoms of nematode attack under field and experimental conditions are discussed. In clean cultivated orchards on light sandy soils there are often large populations in the roots and very small populations in the soil but on heavier soils, the converse is true. Hoestra & Oostenbrink conclude without doubt that P. penetrans is an important cause of replant problems in orchards. H.R. W. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Natural Forest Regeneration at Khadimnagar National Park, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
MAHEDI HASAN LIMON ◽  
SAIDA HOSSAIN ARA ◽  
MOHAMMAD GOLAM KIBRIA
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
National Park ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Tree Species Richness

Natural regeneration is an indicator of a healthy forest, hence, understanding the influence of site factors on natural regeneration is a significant concern for ecologists. This work aimed to assess the impact of site factors on natural tree regeneration at Khadimnagar National Park (KNP). Biotic factors (tree density, tree species richness, and basal area), physical factors (elevation, canopy openness), and soil properties (bulk density, moisture content, soil pH, organic matter, sand, silt, and clay) data were investigated from 71 sample plots to examine their effects on natural regeneration density and richness in KNP. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was done to predict both regeneration density and regeneration richness. The results showed that soil pH (p<0.001), canopy openness (p<0.001), tree species richness (p<0.01), and bulk density (p<0.01) had a significant effect on regeneration density, explaining 42% of the total variation. Regeneration richness was driven by four factors: tree species richness (p<0.01), soil pH (p<0.001), elevation (p<0.01), and canopy openness (p<0.01) with a model that explained 60% of the total variation. This study observed that soil pH, tree species richness, and canopy openness are the main controlling factors that influenced both the density and richness of regenerating species in KNP. Therefore, these findings have implications for natural resource management, especially in selecting suitable silvicultural systems in a tropical forest under protected area management where enhanced tree cover and conservation of biodiversity are needed.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation as a Prospective Method for Rehabilitation of Areas Contaminated by Long-Term Sewage Sludge Storage: The Greek Experience

2017 ◽  
pp. 836-853
Author(s):  
N. Suchkova ◽  
E. Darakas ◽  
J. Ganoulis ◽  
Y. Vergeles
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples

In this work the suitability of several plant species for phytoremediation under natural and artificially installed conditions was studied. Brassica napus, Medicago sativa, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare were grown in pots with sewage sludge from Sindos Main WWTP in Thessaloniki and from Sindos Industrial WWTP in Thessaloniki, Greece. The first series of experiments included comparing measurements of various parameters for the above mentioned plants and the sludge to those for control samples (the same plants growing in compost). It was shown that shoot growth was less reduced in T. aestivum and H. vulgare than in the other plant species studied. B. napus had lower germination tax, followed by M. sativa with the lowest germination tax. Generally B. napus, giving less biomass production than Z. mays and T. aestivum, is characterised by a higher ability to accumulate heavy metals like Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, As and Hg. The second series of experiments included comparing measurements of various parameters of B. napus grown in sludge and treated each 7 days with metal solutions of Ni, Zn and Pb containing 10-2mg/l, 10-4mg/l, 10-6mg/l of each metal, to those for control plants treated with double distilled water. Results showed that shoot growth of B. napus were increased at treatments with lower concentrations of metals (10-6 mg/l) and control (treatment with d-distilled water). At the same time uptake of metal ions was increased with the concentration of the solution, i.e. at higher concentrations (10-2 mg/l). It is truly for Pb and Zn, transfer coefficient TC of which (indicates a plant’s potential to concentrate a metal) was quite high 15 % and 7 % correspondingly. It was noticed that B. napus has high ability to accumulate Cr, from the other hand it did not accumulate Ni (at present case).

scholarly journals A phytosociological analysis and synopsis of the dry woodlands and succulent vegetation of the Peruvian Andes

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 689-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO GALÁN-DE-MERA ◽  
ISIDORO SÁNCHEZ-VEGA ◽  
ELIANA LINARES-PEREA ◽  
JOSÉ CAMPOS ◽  
JUAN MONTOYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Humboldt Current ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
New Associations ◽  
Coastal Desert

ABSTRACT A phytosociological approach to dry forest and cactus communities on the occidental slopes of the Peruvian Andes is presented in base of 164 plots carried out following the Braun-Blanquet method. From them, 52 have been made recently, and the other 112 were taken from the literature. After a multivariate analysis, using a hierarchical clustering and a detendred correspondence analysis, the Acacio-Prosopidetea class (dry forest and cactus communities, developed on soils with some edaphic humidity or precipitations derived from El Niño Current), the Opuntietea sphaericae class (cactus communities of central and southern Peru, on few stabilized rocky or sandy soils) and the Carico-Caesalpinietea class (dry forests of the Peruvian coastal desert, influenced by the maritime humidity of the cold Humboldt Current), are differentiated. Within the Acacio-Prosopidetea class, two alliances are commented: the Bursero-Prosopidion pallidae (with two new associations Loxopterygio huasanginis-Neoraimondietum arequipensis and Crotono ruiziani-Acacietum macracanthae), and the new alliance Baccharido-Jacarandion acutifoliae (with the new associations Armatocereo balsasensis-Cercidietum praecocis and Diplopterydo leiocarpae-Acacietum macracanthae). For the Opuntietea sphaericae class, the association Haageocereo versicoloris-Armatocereetum proceri (Espostoo-Neoraimondion) is described on the basis of plots from hyperarid localities of central Peru. Finally, a typological classification of the studied plant communities is given.

scholarly journals Alternate Strip Clearcutting in Upland Black Spruce: II. Factors Affecting Regeneration in First-cut Strips

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Jeglum
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Strip Width ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Topographic Position ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Upper Slope

In a two-cut, alternate strip clearcutting system in upland black spruce, the main factors influencing black spruce regeneration in the first-cut strips were strip width, natural seeding period, amount of receptive seedbed and topographic position. In the three study areas, 80-m strips yielded over 60% stocking and over 7 500 seedlings per hectare with a 4-year natural seeding period. Narrower strips 40 m and 20 m wide showed increasing levels of reproduction. Four years of natural seeding gave better natural regeneration than two years. Seedling density and frequency in quadrats were correlated with the amount of receptive seedbed. Regeneration was more abundant on drainageways and lower slopes, and less abundant on upper slope and crest sites. For successful regeneration under similar climatic and physiographic conditions, strip widths should be no more than 80 m, and leave times no less than 3 years. It is essential to scarify the upland mineral soil sites, but scarification of lowland sites is not recommended, especially where there is abundant Sphagnum.

scholarly journals The effects of cutting regimes on natural regeneration in submountain beech forests: species diversity and abundance

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cutting Regimes ◽  
Cutting Intensity ◽  
The Given

The paper summarizes the results of 15-year natural regeneration for beech of five plots with different densities situated in the Western Carpathians Mts. Three of the plots were subjected to differently intensive shelterwood cuttings (plots L, M, H), one plot was clear-cut (CC), and one was left without intervention – as a control (C). The number of one-year-old seedlings decreased proportionally with increasing cutting intensity. The ANOVA results document a significant influence of cutting intensity on the abundance of both one-year-old and older seedlings. The abundance of beech seedlings was initially increasing with increasing cutting intensity, and, having reached the peak on plot M (medium intensity), there followed a decrease in the seedling abundance. Lower numbers of beech seedlings on plots subjected to less intensive cutting (C, L) result from less favourable growth conditions in comparison with plot M. On the other hand, cutting of higher intensity (H, CC) resulted in lower numbers of fructifying parent trees. The medium cut intervention having provided the plot M with stocking of 0.5 (50% of the stand) resulted in a lower number of seed resources (limiting factor for natural regeneration). However, for the other factor – seedling establishment (survival and recruitment) this plot (M) represents an ecological optimum in beech regeneration in the given conditions.

scholarly journals Testing of microbial additives in the rooting of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stem cuttings

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Repáč ◽  
J. Vencurik ◽  
M. Balanda
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Alginate Bead ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ecm Fungi

&nbsp;Laboratory-produced alginate-bead inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi Cortinarius sp. and&nbsp;Gomphidius glutinosus, fungal commercial products ECtovit<sup>&reg; </sup>and Trichomil<sup>&reg;</sup>, bacterial commercial product BactoFil&nbsp;B<sup>&reg;</sup>, and commercial rooting stimulator Vetozen<sup>&reg;</sup> were applied to a peat-perlite (1:2, v:v) rooting substrate of Norway spruce stem cuttings collected from 4-year-old nursery-grown seedlings immediately before the insertion of cuttings into the substrate. The application of beads free of fungi and the substrate without an additive were the other treatments. The cuttings were rooted in vessels (60 cuttings per vessel, 180 per treatment) placed in a glasshouse and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The cuttings were estimated for one growing season (approximately for 26 weeks) after their insertion into the rooting substrate. Rooting % of the cuttings ranged from 45 (mycelium-free beads) to 75 (control) according to treatments, 64 on average. No significant differences among treatments were found in % of ECM morphotypes, total ECM colonization of roots (%), and growth parameters of shoots and roots of the cuttings. The applied microbial additives were not sufficiently efficient to form treatment-related ectomycorrhizas that were formed by naturally occurring ECM fungi. Inoculation by the ECM fungus Cortinarius sp. and application of Trichomil had a partial stimulative effect on the shoot growth of cuttings. Shoot and root growth parameters were not significantly correlated with total ECM colonization, except for a negative dependence of the root number in Trichomil treatment. A higher concentration of K but lower concentrations of Ca and Mg in Ectovit treatment than in the other treatments were detected.&nbsp; &nbsp;

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: VI. HORMONE SOLUTION AND DUST TREATMENTS OF SPRUCE CUTTINGS PROPAGATED IN GREENHOUSE AND OUTSIDE FRAMES

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (8) ◽  
pp. 401-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace ◽  
J. L. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid

Four monthly collections of dormant Norway spruce cuttings, January to April, were treated with indolylbutyric acid solutions and propagated in sand in a greenhouse. February and April collections gave better rooting than those of the other two months, while there was appreciably greater mortality of the March and April collections. The results with short cuttings were uniformly superior to those obtained with long cuttings. Other cuttings of the April collection were propagated outside. The short cuttings responded more favourably to outside conditions, while the long cuttings gave equally poor results inside and outside. Indolylbutyric acid treatment had no beneficial effect and was followed by reduced rooting and increased mortality at concentrations from 20 to 60 p.p.m.Results of a late March collection of Norway, white, and black spruce cuttings treated with talc dusts containing indolylacetic acid, cane sugar, and organic mercury, indicated that Norway spruce rooted more readily than the two other species. Treatment failed to have a beneficial effect, although injury from indolylacetic acid was somewhat reduced by its combination with organic mercury.The results of these and the other experiments reported indicate that short Norway spruce cuttings over the period from January to April root to the extent of about 50%. A May collection, an early June collection with new growth on the cuttings, and a late June collection in which the cuttings were made from new growth only, gave inappreciable rooting. Similar new-growth cuttings did, however, give some rooting when propagated in sand watered with nutrient salts.

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