Pericarp splitting after aerated water soak can be used as an indicator of red oak seed quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1694-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Cooper ◽  
Daniel K. Struve ◽  
Mark A. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Simple Alternative ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
High Quality Seed

Two studies were conducted to determine if pericarp splitting following an aerated water soak treatment can be used as an indicator of red oak (Quercusrubra L.) seed quality in seeds subjected or not subjected to cold stratification. In the first study, stratified red oak acorns from three open-pollinated half-sib families were treated with a 10-day aerated soak in tap water (aerated water soak treatment) and grouped into acorns with split and unsplit pericarps before conducting germination tests. Acorns stored at 2 °C during the aerated water soak treatment served as a control. Treated acorns with split pericarps had significantly greater germination capacity and uniformity than treated acorns without split pericarps. In the second study, acorns from four half-sib families were either given the aerated water soak treatment or not in October (unstratified) and in February (stratified), and a germination test was conducted. Pericarp splitting and germination were poor in unstratified seeds and high in stratified seeds. Correlations between percentage of pericarp splitting after an October aerated water soak treatment and germination completeness and uniformity in a February test were not significant. For stratified red oak seed, the aerated water soak treatment offers a fast (results can be obtained in 10 days rather than 14 to 28 days) and simple alternative to present germination tests. Also, the presence of a split pericarp following an aerated water soak treatment is a nondestructive method for identifying high-quality seed before sowing. The aerated water soak treatment is unsatisfactory for determining seed quality in unstratified red oak seed.

scholarly journals Seed conditioning of red oak: a recalcitrant North American seed

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seed Conditioning

A ten day aerated water soak was developed as a seed conditioning treatment for red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Conditioned seeds had higher germination completeness, uniformity and speed compared to control seeds. Seeds could be conditioned under a wide range of temperatures and durations. Conditioned seeds were maintained at 7(0)C for 30 days without loss of seed quality. During conditioning, pericarps split in response to seed hydration. Split pericarps could be used as a pre-sowing indicator for high quality seeds. Seed conditioning was ineffective on dormant seeds. Increased crop uniformity and higher stand establishment can be realized by subjecting red oak acorns to an aerated water soak treatment followed by selecting seeds with split pericarps. These results are especially important in container production systems where limited numbers of value seeds are available.

scholarly journals Seed research for improved technologies

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Bino ◽  
H. Jalink ◽  
M.O. Oluoch ◽  
S.P.C. Groot
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
High Quality Seed

The production of high-quality seed is the basis for a durable a profitable agriculture. After production, seed is processed, conditioned, stored, shipped and germinated. For quality assurance, seed quality has to be controlled at all steps of the production chain. Seed functioning is accompanied by programmed transitions from cell proliferation to quiescence upon maturation and from quiescence to reinitiation of cellular metabolism upon imbibition. Despite the obvious importance of these control mechanisms, very little information is available at the molecular level concerning those elements that regulate seed germination. In the present study, the induction of cell cycle activity and the regulation of ß-tubulin expression is related to the water content and other physical properties of the seed.

scholarly journals A RAPID TEST FOR DETERMINING SEED VIGOR IN RED OAK

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117f-1117
Author(s):  
Chris Cooper ◽  
Daniel Struve ◽  
Mark Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Sib Families

Previous experiments showed that a 10 day aerated water soak (water priming) increased red oak (Quercus rubra) seed vigor. After water priming most seed had split pericarps. Seed with split pericarps were observed to be more visorous than water primed seed without split pericarps. An experiment was conducted to determine if pericarp splitting could be used as an indicator of red oak seed vigor. The following experiment was conducted. Red oak seed from three open pollinated, half-sib families, were water primed for 10 days. Seed were separated into two groups, seed with split pericarps and without split pericarps, and a germination test conducted. Unprimed seed were used as a control. There were significant differences among the families in seed vigor (germination completeness, uniformity and speed). Primed seed with intact pericarps had lower seed vigor than primed seed with split pericarps and unprimed seed. The results suggest that pericarp splitting following water priming is an indicator of high seed vigor.

Principles and methods of standardization in seed quality control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Volkova S.N. ◽  
◽  
E.E. Sivak E.E.
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Improve Production ◽  
Part Time ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
The Way

Compliance with agronomic regulations in farms that ensure high quality seeds (conducting grade and species weeds on seed crops, compliance with harvesting, part-time, seed storage, etc.) must be constantly monitored in order to improve production on the way to the cultivation of high-quality seed material.

scholarly journals Envelope method for the germination test of Mombasa grass

2021 ◽  
pp. 2041-2048
Author(s):  
Tatiane Sanches Jeromini ◽  
◽  
Murilo Petrassi Botassini ◽  
Renato Téo de Barros ◽  
Cibele Chalita Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Envelope Method ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The Rules for Seed Analysis reports the use of a paper envelope to allow use of the germination test with small seeds but does not provide any method or use recommendation. As Mombasa grass has high quality and commercial importance, the objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of the envelope method in the germination test of Mombasa grass seeds, with the aim of achieving greater result accuracy and improvement of seed quality analysis processes in laboratories. The germination of eight lots of Mombasa grass seeds was evaluated with two sowing methods (on paper and in paper envelope). The moisture content and the first germination count were also determined. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design. The data were analyzed in a 2 x 8 factor scheme (sowing methods x lots), with four repetitions. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the F test and when significant, treatment means were compared using the Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Results showed that the envelope method is efficient for the germination test of Mombasa grass seeds and can be easily used by seed analysis laboratories, as it present results equivalent or superior to those obtained using the traditional method on paper, while occupying only 2/5 of the germination chamber space used in the conventional method.

scholarly journals Role of Near - Infrared Spectroscopy in Seed Quality Evaluation: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Masilamani ◽  
S. Venkatesan ◽  
P. Janaki ◽  
T. Eevera ◽  
S. Sundareswaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
High Quality Seed

The use of high-quality seeds is one of the most important elements for increasing agricultural production in any farming system. This element has become more crucial than ever for providing enough food security for the rising population, which is expected to exceed nine billion by year 2050. Selecting high yielding varieties of disease, insect, lodging and shattering resistance, along with other desirable characteristics are the basic keys for satisfactory crop performance and yield. The production of high-quality seed is the cornerstone of any successful agriculture program. It is also a good marketing tool for increasing the potential sale of crops, especially in today’s competitive market. Therefore, adopting an efficient method to evaluate the seed quality non-destructively is the need of hour. One such technique or method is the use of NIR which helps to assess seed quality non-destructively and sort out seeds based on seed health, seed deterioration, viability, vigour including protein, starch and fatty acid composition as well as abiotic and biotic seed damage. It is a non-destructive analytical technique requires little sample preparation time and high-throughput, which makes it as a seed analysis tool.

scholarly journals Tomato seed value chain analysis and seed conditioning among seed companies in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-514
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Tusiime ◽  
Gail R. Nonnecke ◽  
Helen H. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seed Conditioning ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
Key Participants

Tomatoes increase nutritional food security and income among Ugandan smallholder farmers who have limited access to high quality seed. The objective of this study was to analyze the current tomato seed value chain for Uganda. Survey responses determined roles of key participants, including Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) for regulation and certification; National Agricultural Research Organization for breeding cultivars and seed multiplication; Makerere University for education and research; commercial seed companies for seed importation and conditioning; seed distributors for sales; and smallholder farmers as savers and end users of seed. Challenges included an inefficient domestic seed distribution system, technical constraints in seed production and conditioning by seed companies, inadequate networks and communication among the seed industry’s key participants, and partial regulation of the seed industry. Seed companies played a key role in seed conditioning processes. Companies imported all tomato seeds into Uganda and stated germination as their primary goal for quality. Challenges for seed companies included assistance from MAAIF to regulate and certify seed and access to improved technologies. Attaining high quality seed by commercial Uganda-parent companies will require additional investment and training of seed technologists for domestic testing and seed quality assurance.

scholarly journals Using Regulatory Flexibility to Address Market Informality in Seed Systems: A Global Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Katrin Kuhlmann ◽  
Bhramar Dey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Regulatory Flexibility

Seed rules and regulations determine who can produce and sell seeds, which varieties will be available in the market, the quality of seed for sale, and where seed can be bought and sold. The legal and regulatory environment for seed impacts all stakeholders, including those in the informal sector, through shaping who can participate in the market and the quality and diversity of seed available. This paper addresses a gap in the current literature regarding the role of law and regulation in linking the informal and formal seed sectors and creating more inclusive and better governed seed systems. Drawing upon insights from the literature, global case studies, key expert consultations, and a methodology on the design and implementation of law and regulation, we present a framework that evaluates how regulatory flexibility can be built into seed systems to address farmers’ needs and engage stakeholders of all sizes. Our study focuses on two key dimensions: extending market frontiers and liberalizing seed quality control mechanisms. We find that flexible regulatory approaches and practices play a central role in building bridges between formal and informal seed systems, guaranteeing quality seed in the market, and encouraging market entry for high-quality traditional and farmer-preferred varieties.

Seed germination and seedling vigor of weevil-damaged acorns of red oak

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1600-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Lombardo ◽  
Brian C. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Acorn weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are well-known predators of oak acorns in the eastern hardwood forest region of the United States. We examined the germination percentage of seeds, as well as the physical characteristics of seedlings, originating from both weevil-damaged and sound acorns of red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) to determine if weevil depredation impacts seedling vigor. Seeds were grown under greenhouse conditions for a period of 8 weeks. X-ray imaging was used as a nondestructive method for determining seed condition prior to germination. The combined data set showed a reduction in germination percentage from 86% for sound acorns to 26% for those damaged by weevils. Seven seedling metrics were evaluated for differences between seedlings originating from sound and those from weevil-damaged acorns. Of these metrics, the number of leaf flushes, total number of leaves, root collar diameter, shoot length, and dry mass were significantly (P < 0.05) different. Two variables, root length and shoot diameter, were not significantly different. Early allocation of resources to root establishment likely explains these findings. Because of reduced stem height and leaf number, seedlings from weevil-damaged acorns are likely to be less competitive in the forest understory than those from sound acorns.

scholarly journals Use of molecular marker techniques in seed testing by Brazilian seed companies

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.T. Della Vecchia ◽  
C.A.R. da Silva ◽  
P. Terenciano-Sobrinho
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Seed Testing ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Seed Market ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
High Quality Seed

Seed market is becoming global and globalization is growing very fast. To compete favourably in this new global seed world, quality and cost are and will be certanly the key issues. High seed quality can only be obtained by a thorough control of the entire seed production process, step by step from planning to final delivery. That requires science, technology, expertise, experience, good management and certanly, the most important, an absolute and unconditional commitment with quality. Seed testing for quality assurance is one important step in the process of production of high quality seed. In the late years a considerable amount of research has been published, particularly on the use of some Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA based new technologies (RAPD, microsatelites, AFLP) for genetic purity determinations in seed testing. As far as we know, no Brazilian seed company is using, on regular basis, RAPD or other molecular marker techniques in the determination of genetic purity in seed testing. Most of these are using morphological or physiological traits expressed by seed, seedling or mature plant and/or electrophoresis of seed or seedling proteins/isoenzymes for that purpose. Main reasons for that are: DNA molecular marker techniques are relatively new; lack of specialized personnel to run DNA molecular marker assays on routine basis; higher cost/sample when compared to proteins/isoenzymes electrophoresis.

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