Principles and methods of standardization in seed quality control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Volkova S.N. ◽  
◽  
E.E. Sivak E.E.
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Improve Production ◽  
Part Time ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
The Way

Compliance with agronomic regulations in farms that ensure high quality seeds (conducting grade and species weeds on seed crops, compliance with harvesting, part-time, seed storage, etc.) must be constantly monitored in order to improve production on the way to the cultivation of high-quality seed material.

scholarly journals Seed research for improved technologies

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Bino ◽  
H. Jalink ◽  
M.O. Oluoch ◽  
S.P.C. Groot
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
High Quality Seed

The production of high-quality seed is the basis for a durable a profitable agriculture. After production, seed is processed, conditioned, stored, shipped and germinated. For quality assurance, seed quality has to be controlled at all steps of the production chain. Seed functioning is accompanied by programmed transitions from cell proliferation to quiescence upon maturation and from quiescence to reinitiation of cellular metabolism upon imbibition. Despite the obvious importance of these control mechanisms, very little information is available at the molecular level concerning those elements that regulate seed germination. In the present study, the induction of cell cycle activity and the regulation of ß-tubulin expression is related to the water content and other physical properties of the seed.

EFFECT OF A MINERAL FERTILIZERS DOSES AND PLANT CUTTING PERIOD TO SEED POTATOES YIELD

1970 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
М. N. Zakharova ◽  
L. V. Rozhkova ◽  
Е. Yu. Ushakova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
High Quality Seed

To obtain high-quality seed material, it is necessary to form a crop that has the largest amount of standard seed fraction of tubers in its structure, and plants are less affected by viral infection. To obtain high-quality seed material, it is necessary to form a crop that has the largest amount of standard seed fraction of tubers in its structure, and plants are less affected by viral infection. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 on the experimental fields of ISA. The technology of cultivation of a new variety was studied in the link of crop rotation: peas – winter wheat + white mustard-potatoes – spring wheat. The area of the experiment is 0.25 ha, the accounting area is 10 m2, the repetition is fourfold. The soil of the site: dark gray forest, heavy loam; humus content of 3.15%; potassium is 16.2, phosphorus – 19,6; soil pH is 5.4. Predecessor – winter wheat. Scheme of experience. Application of mineral fertilizers before planting and mowing the tops after flowering: N96P96K96, after 30 days, N96P96K96-45, N128P128K128-30, N128P128K128-45 days. The yield was taken into account (24.09.18 and 23.09.19)with the analysis of tubers by fractions: large, seed and non-standard. Mathematical data processing was carried out by the method of dispersion analysis (Dospekhov B. A. Method of field experience, 1985). In the studies, the following protection systems were used: treatment of tubers with Maxim – 0.4 l/t, spraying with herbicides Lazurit Super-0.5 l / ha + Escudo-0.025 kg/ha, treatment of vegetating plants with fungicides Metaxil-2.5 kg/ha, Thanos-0.6 kg/ha and insecticide Borey-0.15 l / ha. The results of two-year field tests on the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers and the timing of mowing the tops on the yield of seed potatoes of the eupatium variety in the Ryazan region are presented. It was found that when cultivating seed potatoes using the proposed technology, the crop yield increased from 27.9 to 38.0 t/ha with a seed yield of 39.1 to 48.1%.

Высокие посевные качества семян овощных культур – основа импортозамещения в АПК РФ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.V. Startseva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Quality Seed

Сохранение и использование генетических ресурсов отечественных сортов и гибридов овощных культур – в настоящее время наиболее актуальная задача в АПК Российской Федерации. При недостатке природно-климатических ресурсов, необходимо создавать адаптированный селекционный материал, в том числе обеспечивающий получение высококачественного посевного материала, отличающегося высокой долговечностью семян.Preservation and use of genetic resources of domestic varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops is currently the most urgent task in the agrarian and industrial complex of the Russian Federation. If there is a lack of natural and climatic resources, it is necessary to create an adapted selection material, including ensuring the production of high-quality seed material with a highly durable seed.

Clean Grass Seed Crops Established with Activated Carbon Bands and Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
Seed Crops

Activated carbon, applied over the seeded row in a band 2.5 cm wide, protected grasses from herbicides applied preemergence. The carbon rate required to protect the grasses varied with the grass species, the herbicide, and the rate of herbicide application. Most of the herbicides controlled weeds effectively between the rows. The herbicides usually controlled weeds less effectively within the carbon bands. Diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] was inactivated most readily by the carbon and showed the greatest safety margin on the crop species. Atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine], and terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) required higher carbon rates for crop protection than diuron and showed a much narrower safety margin on crops. Use of this technique made possible the effective control of weeds during establishment and, subsequently, the production of high quality seed in the first seed crop.

scholarly journals The J. Derek Bewley Career Lecture. Seeds–plants–crops–biodiversity–environment–people: illustrating understanding and ideas

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Richard H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
High Quality Seed

Abstract The J. Derek Bewley Career Lectures presented at the triennial meetings of the International Society of Seed Science support early-career seed scientists by providing retrospective views, from those late in their careers, of lessons learned and future implications. Ambition, ability, inspiration, foresight, hard work and opportunity are obvious career requirements. The importance of mentoring and teamwork combined with the clear communication of results, understanding and ideas are emphasized. The role of illustration in research, and its dissemination, is outlined: illustration can support hypothesis development, testing and communication. Climate change may perturb the production of high-quality seed affecting conservation as well as agriculture, horticulture and forestry. An illustrative synthesis of the current understanding of temporal aspects of the effects of seed production environment on seed quality (assessed by subsequent seed storage longevity) is provided for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed science research can contribute to complex global challenges such as future food supplies from seed-propagated crops in our changing climate whilst conserving biological diversity (through seed ecology and technologies such as ex situ plant genetic resources conservation by long-term seed storage in genebanks), but only if that research can be – and then is – applied.

EVIDENCE FOR A MALE-PRODUCED AGGREGATION PHEROMONE IN THE WESTERN CONIFER SEED BUG, LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALIS HEIDEMANN (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE)

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzie E. Blatt ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Leptoglossus Occidentalis ◽  
Conifer Seed ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Western Conifer Seed Bug

The western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, and the southern pine seed bug, L. corculus (Say), feed on the developing seeds of conifers causing great losses to seed crops (Koerber 1963; Connelly and Schowalter 1991; Schowalter 1996). When high populations threaten the yieldof genetically superior, high quality seed in seed orchards, chemical controls may be used (DeBarr et al. 1982). However, because even minor uses of chemical pesticides are increasingly restricted, particularly in British Columbia where seed orchards commonly interface with urban areas, damaging populations of L. occidentalis may not be controlled at all.

scholarly journals Role of Near - Infrared Spectroscopy in Seed Quality Evaluation: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Masilamani ◽  
S. Venkatesan ◽  
P. Janaki ◽  
T. Eevera ◽  
S. Sundareswaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
High Quality Seed

The use of high-quality seeds is one of the most important elements for increasing agricultural production in any farming system. This element has become more crucial than ever for providing enough food security for the rising population, which is expected to exceed nine billion by year 2050. Selecting high yielding varieties of disease, insect, lodging and shattering resistance, along with other desirable characteristics are the basic keys for satisfactory crop performance and yield. The production of high-quality seed is the cornerstone of any successful agriculture program. It is also a good marketing tool for increasing the potential sale of crops, especially in today’s competitive market. Therefore, adopting an efficient method to evaluate the seed quality non-destructively is the need of hour. One such technique or method is the use of NIR which helps to assess seed quality non-destructively and sort out seeds based on seed health, seed deterioration, viability, vigour including protein, starch and fatty acid composition as well as abiotic and biotic seed damage. It is a non-destructive analytical technique requires little sample preparation time and high-throughput, which makes it as a seed analysis tool.

scholarly journals Tomato seed value chain analysis and seed conditioning among seed companies in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-514
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Tusiime ◽  
Gail R. Nonnecke ◽  
Helen H. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seed Conditioning ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
Key Participants

Tomatoes increase nutritional food security and income among Ugandan smallholder farmers who have limited access to high quality seed. The objective of this study was to analyze the current tomato seed value chain for Uganda. Survey responses determined roles of key participants, including Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) for regulation and certification; National Agricultural Research Organization for breeding cultivars and seed multiplication; Makerere University for education and research; commercial seed companies for seed importation and conditioning; seed distributors for sales; and smallholder farmers as savers and end users of seed. Challenges included an inefficient domestic seed distribution system, technical constraints in seed production and conditioning by seed companies, inadequate networks and communication among the seed industry’s key participants, and partial regulation of the seed industry. Seed companies played a key role in seed conditioning processes. Companies imported all tomato seeds into Uganda and stated germination as their primary goal for quality. Challenges for seed companies included assistance from MAAIF to regulate and certify seed and access to improved technologies. Attaining high quality seed by commercial Uganda-parent companies will require additional investment and training of seed technologists for domestic testing and seed quality assurance.

scholarly journals Performance Determination of New Universal Dryer Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
A. S. Klyuchnikov
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
State Agricultural Academy

Drying of seed material plays an important part in the system of post-harvest processing and greatly affects the yield quality of the seed material.(Research purpose)Determination of the performance of two modules of a new dryer, taking into account the statistical characteristics of humidity, impurity content and the intensity of submitting the grain heap of various crops to post-harvest processing.(Materials and methods)The research group has tested a mini-module of a new universal dryer developed in the laboratory workshops of Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy, in the Bolshoye Selo district of the Yaroslavl region. The calculation has been based on the data of the average regional farm.(Results and discussion)It has been determined that the average statistical percentage of moisture removal from the original grain heap was 10.52 percent; gross grain harvest per year – 1,500 tons; the estimated capacity by the dried seed material of the base module is 5 tons per hour, that of the mini module - 0.35 tons per hour. Due to the contribution of Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy, fully mechanized receiving chambers with air chutes accommodating 300 or 600 cubic meters of heap coming from combines have been introduced into the production lines of post-harvest processing of the crop material. The efficiency calculation of the mini-module has been caused by the need to use it on the farms for the independent supply of high-quality seed material.(Conclusions)The experiment results have confirmed the validity of the calculations and the effectiveness of the new method of drying. In unfavorable weather, grain crops were harvested by a forage harvester and then dried in a mini-module. After processing, high-quality seeds were obtained, the germination rate of which accounted 98-99 percent.

scholarly journals Prerequisites for the Creation of a Mechatronic System of Indented Cylinders for the Separation of Fine Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Elchyn Aliiev ◽  
Krystyna Lupko
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Mechatronic System ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Seed Crops

Nowadays, an important aspect for achieving a high level of seed production is the expansion of the range of high-quality seed material, which disrupts the technological process of separation and increases its costs. The purpose of the study is to analyse indented separator cylinders for cleaning small-seed crops and develop an appropriate mechatronic system for their control, the use of which would allow performing the technological process of separation with lower specific operating costs and higher productivity. The presented analysis of the technical support of the process of separation of seed material of small-seeded crops indicates the need to improve indented separator cylinders based on automated control of their parameters using photo or video recording of the seed separation with subsequent processing. It has been established that the determination of formal performance indicators of an indented separator cylinder is not trivial. Based on the results of the analysis, a design and technological scheme of the mechatronic system of an indented separator cylinder has been developed. The difference between the proposed system and the conventional one is that the camera captures the trajectory of seeds. This information is processed in the control unit, which in turn changes the speed of rotation of the gear motor and, as a result, the drum with cells, the angle of inclination of the tray, the angle of rotation of the flap with the stepper motor of the hopper dispenser. These manipulations with the operating parameters of the indented separator allow adjusting it to changes in the seed mixture composition, thereby improving the quality and productivity of separation. In addition, due to the automatic adjustment of the operating parameters of the indented separator, the participation of the operator in the separation process is practically not required, which reduces labour costs

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