Pharmacological studies on the pulmonary vein of the horse. I. Effects of selected spasmogens

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Hanna ◽  
P. Eyre
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Mediator Substances

Horses suffer from a respiratory condition, similar to human allergic asthma, that is characterized by severe dyspnea, wheezing, coughing, and mucus production. Mediator substances released during the allergic reaction may contract airways and pulmonary vasculature. Nothing is known of the effects of autacoids and other vasoactive substances on equine pulmonary vessels. Therefore, spiral strips of equine pulmonary vein were prepared in vitro and the effects of histamine (H), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), bradykinin (Bk), carbachol (Carb), and phenylephrine (Phen) were studied. The order of contractile effectiveness for the agonists on the vein was found to be 5HT > H> Bk > Phen > Carb, although H consistently produced the greatest maximal effects. H1-receptors appeared to mediate H contractions while H2-receptors had no measurable effect. 5HT responses were mediated directly by 'D-type' smooth muscle receptors. Bk produced contractions but of a lesser magnitude than either H or 5HT. Varying degrees of tachyphylaxis were observed for each agent. α-Adrenergic receptor stimulation by Phen initiated low-magnitude contractions whereas Carb exhibited virtually no activity on the pulmonary vein. Contractile responses of pulmonary veins to various spasmogens may contribute to the equine asthmatic response by raising vascular hydrostatic pressure, thereby enhancing edema formation.

Spontaneous Pulmonary Vein Firing in Man: Relationship to Tachycardia-Pause Early Afterdepolarizations and Triggered Arrhythmia in Canine Pulmonary Veins In Vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUGENE PATTERSON ◽  
WARREN M. JACKMAN ◽  
KAREN J. BECKMAN ◽  
RALPH LAZZARA ◽  
DEBORAH LOCKWOOD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Early Afterdepolarizations

scholarly journals A Simple Method to AssessIn VivoProliferation in Lung Vasculature with EdU: The Case of MMC-Induced PVOD in Rat

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antigny Fabrice ◽  
Ranchoux Benoît ◽  
Nadeau Valérie ◽  
Edmund Lau ◽  
Bonnet Sébastien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Gold Standard Method

5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation is becoming the gold standard method forin vitroandin vivovisualization of proliferating cells. The small size of the fluorescent azides used for detection results in a high degree of specimen penetration. It can be used to easily detect DNA replication in large tissue samples or organ explants with low proliferation and turnover of cells formerly believed to be in a “terminal” state of differentiation. Here we describe a protocol for the localization and identification of proliferating cells in quiescent or injured pulmonary vasculature, in a model of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD). PVOD is an uncommon form of pulmonary hypertension characterized by progressive obstruction of small pulmonary veins. We previously reported that mitomycin-C (MMC) therapy is associated with PVOD in human. We demonstrated that MMC can induce PVOD in rats, which currently represents the sole animal model that recapitulates human PVOD lesions. Using the EdU assay, we demonstrated that MMC-exposed lungs displayed areas of exuberant microvascular endothelial cell proliferation which mimics pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, one of the pathologic hallmarks of human PVOD.In vivopulmonary cell proliferation measurement represents an interesting methodology to investigate the potential efficacy of therapies aimed at normalizing pathologic angioproliferation.

Pharmacological properties of canine intrapulmonary blood vessels

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1198-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siow-Kee Kong ◽  
Newman L. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Differential Responsiveness

The contractile response of ring segments of large, medium, and small pulmonary arteries and veins of the dog to histamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin have been studied. The maximum contractile response to these drugs was normalized with respect to the maximal response obtained in stimulation with 127 mM K+. The small pulmonary artery was more reactive to histamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin when compared with large and medium pulmonary arteries. The medium and large pulmonary artery showed no difference in reactivity to histamine. However, the mean effective dose (ED50) values for these agonists among the different segments of pulmonary arteries showed no significant difference. The small and medium pulmonary veins demonstrated increased reactivity to histamine, but not to norepinephrine and serotonin. The ED50 values also indicated that both small and medium veins were more sensitive to histamine when compared with the large pulmonary vein. The log concentration percent response curves for both small and medium pulmonary veins were displaced leftward (increased sensitivity) with respect to that for the large pulmonary vein. However, the reactivity and sensitivity to histamine between medium and small pulmonary veins were no different. The reactivity and sensitivity of different segments of pulmonary veins to norepinehrine and serotonin showed no significant differences among them. We conclude that histamine and other vasoactive substances, which are directly or indirectly related to mast cell degranulation, exert pharmacological effects on the pulmonary vasculature which possesses differential responsiveness at various levels of the vascular tree.

Comparative effects of leukotrienes on porcine pulmonary circulation in vitro and in vivo

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ohtaka ◽  
J. Y. Tsang ◽  
A. Foster ◽  
J. C. Hogg ◽  
R. R. Schellenberg
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

The present study examined the effect of leukotrienes on porcine pulmonary vasculature both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro studies using isolated vascular strips demonstrated that pulmonary arterial smooth muscle contracted to leukotriene C4 (LTC4), whereas pulmonary vein smooth muscle did not. Pulmonary arterial contraction was due to both the direct action of LTC4 and secondarily generated thromboxane A2 (TxA2). In vivo, LTC4 injection caused a pronounced but transient increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (Ppw), with a smaller effect on left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Effects of LTD4 were smaller with comparable pressure changes at all three sites, suggesting a primary cardiac effect. Like LTC4, histamine caused a disproportionate increase in Ppw vs. left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. These observations suggest that LTC4 causes pulmonary venoconstriction in vivo despite its lack of effect on pulmonary vein smooth muscle in vitro. This discrepancy may be due to venoconstrictor effects of TxA2 generated from upstream pulmonary arterial vessels.

Newborn intrapulmonary veins are more reactive than arteries in normal and hypertensive piglets

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (5) ◽  
pp. L887-L892 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. I. Arrigoni ◽  
A. A. Hislop ◽  
S. G. Haworth ◽  
J. A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Arterial Relaxation ◽  
Postnatal Adaptation ◽  
Arteries And Veins

The reactivity of pulmonary veins during adaptation from pre- to postnatal life is not well characterized. With an in vitro organ bath technique, the responses to the contractile and relaxant agonists U-46619 (10−10 to 3 × 10−6 M) and acetylcholine (10−9 to 10−4 M) were compared in adjacent conduit pulmonary vein and artery rings from 66 piglets aged 1 wk preterm to 14 days of postnatal life and from adult tissue. Five additional piglets were made hypertensive by exposure to chronic hypoxia for 3 days after birth. Both arteries and veins showed smaller contractile and relaxant responses before birth than after. By 5 min after birth, the contraction by arteries and relaxation by veins had increased ( P < 0.05). By 3 days of age, arterial relaxation increased, but in all animals, venous relaxation exceeded that in arteries ( P < 0.05). Veins contracted more than arteries in animals aged 3–14 days. Neonatal hypoxia diminished the responses to both agonists in the veins ( P < 0.05), whereas the response in the arteries remained similar to that in the normal newborn. We speculate that veins may be more important in postnatal adaptation than previously suggested.

Mechanism of the Antiplatelet Action of Dipyridamole in Whole Blood: Modulation of Adenosine Concentration and Activity

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 012-018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Gresele ◽  
Jef Arnout ◽  
Hans Deckmyn ◽  
Jos Vermylen
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Adenosine Receptor ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Adenosine Concentration ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

SummaryDipyridamole inhibits platelet aggregation in whole blood at lower concentrations than in plasma. The blood cells responsible for increased effectiveness in blood are the erythrocytes. Using the impedance aggregometer we have carried out a series of pharmacological studies in vitro to elucidate the mechanism of action of dipyridamole in whole blood. Adenosine deaminase, an enzyme breaking down adenosine, reverses the inhibitory action of dipyridamole. Two different adenosine receptor antagonists, 5’-deoxy-5’-methylthioadenosine and theophylline, also partially neutralize the activity of dipyridamole in blood. Enprofylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with almost no adenosine receptor antagonistic properties, potentiates the inhibition of platelet aggregation by dipyridamole. An inhibitory effect similar to that of dipyridamole can be obtained combining a pure adenosine uptake inhibitor (RE 102 BS) with a pure phosphodiesterase inhibitor (MX-MB 82 or enprofylline). Mixing the blood during preincubation with dipyridamole increases the degree of inhibition. Lowering the haematocrit slightly reduces the effectiveness.Although we did not carry out direct measurements of adenosine levels, the results of our pharmacological studies clearly show that dipyridamole inhibits platelet aggregation in whole blood by blocking the reuptake of adenosine formed from precursors released by red blood cells following microtrauma. Its slight phosphodiesterase inhibitory action potentiates the effects of adenosine on platelets.

Ferula hermonis: A Review of Current Use and Pharmacological Studies of its Sesquiterpene Ester Ferutinin

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Safi ◽  
Marwan El-Sabban ◽  
Fadia Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Sexual Impotence ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Sesquiterpene Ester

Ferula hermonis Boiss, is an endemic plant of Lebanon, locally known as “shilsh Elzallouh”. It has been extensively used in the traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac and for the treatment of sexual impotence. Crude extracts and isolated compounds of ferula hermonis contain phytoestrogenic substances having a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties including anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-fungal, anti-cancer and as sexual activity enhancer. The aim of this mini-review is to highlight the traditional and novel applications of this plant’s extracts and its major sesquiterpene ester, ferutinin. The phytochemical constituents and the pharmacological uses of ferula hermonis crude extract and ferutinin specifically will be discussed.

scholarly journals The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae): A Review of Its Diversity, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva ◽  
Davlat Kh. Akramov ◽  
Ludger A. Wessjohann ◽  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Chunlin Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
South Central ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Central South

The genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) is native to Central, South-Central, and Eastern Asia. It comprises 44 species, which have been commonly used as herbal medicines for the treatments of various ailments for thousands of years, especially in Asian countries. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of species from the genus Lagochilus to unveil opportunities for future research. In addition, we provide some information about their traditional uses, botany, and diversity. More than 150 secondary metabolites have been reported from Lagochilus, including diterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, lignans, steroids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile, non-volatile and aromatic compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and other secondary metabolites. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from Lagochilus species showed hemostatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antispasmodic, hypotensive, sedative, psychoactive, and other activities.

scholarly journals Metastatic renal cell carcinoma extending to the left atrium through the inferior pulmonary vein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G Dawson ◽  
Cathy J Richards ◽  
Leonidas Hadjinikolaou ◽  
Apostolos Nakas
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Inferior Pulmonary Vein ◽  
The Right

Abstract Metastatic renal cell carcinoma with involvement through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium is very rare. We report the case of a 70-year-old male with metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the right lower lobe of the lung abutting the inferior pulmonary vein with extension to the left atrium without pre-operative evidence. Surgical resection was achieved through a posterolateral thoracotomy. Lung masses that abut the pulmonary veins should prompt further investigation with a pre-operative transoesophageal echocardiogram to minimize unexpected intraoperative findings.

scholarly journals Inhibition of MAPK and STAT3-SOCS3 by Sakuranetin Attenuated Chronic Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda P. R. Santana ◽  
Rafael C. da Silva ◽  
Simone dos S. Grecco ◽  
Aruanã J. M. C. R. Pinheiro ◽  
Luciana C. Caperuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Allergic Airway Disease ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Th17 Cytokines

Asthma allergic disease is caused by airway chronic inflammation. Some intracellular signaling pathways, such as MAPK and STAT3-SOCS3, are involved in the control of airway inflammation in asthma. The flavonoid sakuranetin demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect in different asthma models. Our aim was to clarify how sakuranetin treatment affects MAPK and STAT3-SOCS3 pathways in a murine experimental asthma model. Mice were submitted to an asthma ovalbumin-induction protocol and were treated with vehicle, sakuranetin, or dexamethasone. We assayed the inflammatory profile, mucus production, and serum antibody, STAT3-SOCS3, and MAPK levels in the lungs. Morphological alterations were also evaluated in the liver. LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were used to evaluate the effects of sakuranetin on nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine production. In vivo, sakuranetin treatment reduced serum IgE levels, lung inflammation (eosinophils, neutrophils, and Th2/Th17 cytokines), and respiratory epithelial mucus production in ovalbumin-sensitized animals. Considering possible mechanisms, sakuranetin inhibits the activation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and STAT3 in the lungs. No alterations were found in the liver for treated animals. Sakuranetin did not modify in vitro cell viability in RAW 264.7 and reduced NO release and gene expression of IL-1β and IL-6 induced by LPS in these cells. In conclusion, our data showed that the inhibitory effects of sakuranetin on eosinophilic lung inflammation can be due to the inhibition of Th2 and Th17 cytokines and the inhibition of MAPK and STAT3 pathways, reinforcing the idea that sakuranetin can be considered a relevant candidate for the treatment of inflammatory allergic airway disease.

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