Effects of building features on density and flock distribution of feral pigeons Columba livia var. domestica in an urban environment

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Sacchi ◽  
Augusto Gentilli ◽  
Edoardo Razzetti ◽  
Francesco Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Feral Pigeons ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

We censused feral pigeons (Columba livia) living in Milan, Italy (a 181-km2 area), between July 1999 and February 2000 by means of linear transects to examine population densities in different urban habitats and the relationships between population density and structural features of buildings. The pigeon population of Milan was 103 650 birds, with an average density of 570/km2. Population density increased significantly from farmland (434 birds/km2) to the suburbs (604 birds/km2) and from the suburbs to the centre of the city (2083 birds/km2). There was a positive relationship between both bird number and flock number and the abundance of buildings constructed before 1936. There were no significant associations between either bird number or flock number and the abundance of buildings when we did not consider date of construction. This indicated active selection of old buildings by feral pigeons.

Prevalence of Salmonella spp. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, and Newcastle Disease Virus in Feral Pigeons (Columba livia) in the City of Jaboticabal, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane de Sousa ◽  
Angelo Berchieri Júnior ◽  
Aramis Augusto Pinto ◽  
Rosangela Zacarias Machado ◽  
Adriano de Oliveira Torres Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Feral Pigeons ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Adiposidad corporal y niveles de actividad física en adolescentes (Body adiposity and levels of physical activity in adolescents)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Cossio-Bolaños ◽  
Ruben Vidal-Espinoza ◽  
Marcelo Pino-Valenzuela ◽  
Cristian Luarte-Rocha ◽  
Margot Rivera-Portugal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Los objetivos del estudio son comparar los niveles de adiposidad corporal expresado por medio de Índice de Masa Corporal IMC y circunferencia de la cintura CC con la referencia americana del Centro para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades CDC-2012 y analizar si estos niveles de adiposidad corporal difieren entre los adolescentes, según categorías de actividad física AF. Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 765 adolescentes (432 hombres y 333 mujeres). La selección de la muestra fue no-probabilística (cuotas). El rango de edad oscila de 10.0 a 18,9 años. Se evaluó el peso, la estatura, CC y se calculó el IMC. Se aplicó un cuestionario de AF. No hubo diferencias significativas de IMC y CC con la referencia del CDC-2012 en adolescentes de ambos sexos (p<0.05). Se observó prevalencia de bajo nivel AF (5,3% para hombres y 14,7% para mujeres), en moderada AF (47.7% en hombres y 63,4% mujeres) y con un elevada AF (47,0% en hombres y 21,9% en mujeres). Se observó relación positiva entre los IMC y CC en las tres categorías (bajo nivel: r= 0,94 hombres y r= 0,87 mujeres, moderado nivel: r= 0,87 hombres y r= 0,86 mujeres y elevado nivel de AF: r= 0,85 hombres y r= 0,63 mujeres). Los adolescentes estudiados reflejan similares patrones de adiposidad corporal que la referencia del CDC-2012. Además, los clasificados con elevada AF, reflejaron menor adiposidad abdominal que las demás categorías de AF.Abstract. The objectives of the study were to compare body adiposity levels expressed by means of Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with the American reference of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC-2012); and to analyze whether these body adiposity levels differ among adolescents by physical activity categories. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with 765 adolescents (432 boys and 333 girls). The selection of the sample was non-probabilistic (quotas). We included 4 schools from the city of Talca, Chile. The age interval ranged from 10.0 to 18.9 years old. Weight, height, and WC were evaluated, and BMI was calculated. A PA questionnaire was applied. There were no significant differences in BMI and WC with the reference of CDC-2012 in adolescents of both genders (p <0.05). Prevalence of low PA level was observed (5.3% for boys, and 14.7% for girls), as well as moderate PA level (47.7% in boys, and 63.4% girls) and high PA level (47,0% in boys, and 21.9% in girls). Positive relationship was found between the indicators of body adiposity (BMI and WC) in the three categories (low level: r = 0.94 boy, and r = 0.87 girls; moderate level: r = 0.87 boys, and r = 0.86 girls; and high level of PA: r = 0.85 boys, and r = 0.63 girls). The adolescents in this study reflect similar patterns of corporal adiposity as in the CDC-2012 for both genders. In addition, schoolchildren classified with high level of PA reflected lower abdominal adiposity than those in the other PA categories.

Covid-19 Thrives in Larger Cities, Not Denser Ones

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150004
Author(s):  
Shlomo Angel ◽  
Alejandro Blei
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Areas ◽  
Urbanized Area ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The City

The findings introduced in this longitudinal study of cumulative Covid-19 cases and deaths are based on reported data for 384 US Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) for 20 weeks, starting on March 6, 2020 and ending on July 23, 2020. We look at the variation in the 7-day averages of the cumulative numbers of reported cases and deaths in each city at the end of every week as a function of its total population, its ‘urbanized area,’ and its average population density (the ratio of its population and its urbanized area). We find that during the last 10 weeks, the numbers have tended to converge: (1) a city with double the population of a smaller one can be expected to have 17 percent more cases per capita and 28 percent more deaths per capita than the smaller city; (2) a city with double the urbanized area of a smaller one can be expected to have 19 percent more cases per capita and 38 percent more deaths per capita than the smaller city; and, finally, (3) a city with double the population density of a smaller one can be expected to have 4.1 percent fewer cases per capita and 7.4 percent fewer deaths per capita than the smaller city. Larger cities have more than their share of cases and deaths in part because the larger the city, the larger the number of possible interactions among its inhabitants. And it is this larger number, rather than the overall average proximity of people to each other — expressed by the average density in the city — that accounts for that larger share. In fact, when it pertains to Covid-19 cases and deaths, denser metropolitan areas appear to be better able to contain their numbers than more spread out ones.

scholarly journals A 20-year study investigating the diet of Peregrines, Falco peregrinus, at an urban site in south-west England (1997–2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Nick Dixon ◽  
Edward J. A. Drewitt
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Wading Birds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Feral Pigeons ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
South West England

Abstract Until relatively recently Peregrines have been regarded as a rural bird. As their populations have increased over the past 20 years, Peregrines have increasingly become urban birds. One of the earliest locations to be occupied by Peregrines in the UK was on a church in Exeter, in the county of Devon. Over the past 20 years we have studied their diet, collecting prey remains on a regular basis. The results reveal that Feral Pigeons Columba livia comprise one third of the diet by frequency and just over half of the diet when measured by mass. The remainder of the diet comprises a wealth of other species including wading birds, other doves and pigeons, ducks, gulls and terns, and rails. A selection of species eaten by the Peregrines reveal that they are hunting at night, taking certain wading birds, rails and grebes, that would be difficult to catch by day and are known to migrate at night. This study is the most comprehensive to date and reveals that while the Feral Pigeon is an important part of the diet, contrary to public opinion, it is by no means the only species that Peregrines eat. In fact, the remaining half of the diet, by mass, comprised 101 other species of bird and three species of mammal. Such dietary studies help dispel myths about peregrines feeding habits and ensure that their conservation and protection is based on evidence.

scholarly journals Methodological Aspects of Population Density Estimation in the Context of Moscow Districts with Details up to Residential Blocks

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
IVANOVA O.A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Density Estimation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
The City

Methodological aspects of estimating the population density of Moscow are considered. The method of estimation is proposed in several sections: population density in residential blocks, districts, and the city of Moscow as a whole. The assessment of population density in the context of districts and residential blocks of Moscow made it possible to obtain a number of results that are of practical significance for urban development. At the same time, data on the density of larger formations are more accurate when using this approach. Based on the data obtained, cartographic materials can be generated (in two sections: residential blocks and districts), which will clearly show the territorial distribution of blocks and districts with different population densities, and the concentration of «problem» territories within the borders of «old» Moscow. Keywords: methodological aspects, estimation of population density of Moscow as a whole, estimation of population density of Moscow districts, estimation of population density of residential blocks of Moscow.

A Selection of Bandung City Travel Route Using The FLOYD-WARSHALL Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ghifari Arfananda ◽  
◽  
Surya Michrandi Nasution ◽  
Casi Setianingsih ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
A Value ◽  
Distance Data ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The rapid development of information and technology, the city of Bandung tourism has also increased. However, tourists who visit the city of Bandung have problems with a limited time when visiting Bandung tourist attractions. Traffic congestion, distance, and the number of tourist destinations are the problems for tourists travel. The optimal route selection is the solution for those problems. Congestion and distance data are processed using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. Route selection uses the Floyd-Warshall Algorithm. In this study, the selection of the best route gets the smallest weight with a value of 5.127 from the Algorithm process. Based on testing, from two to five tourist attractions get an average calculation time of 3 to 5 seconds. This application is expected to provide optimal solutions for tourists in the selection of tourist travel routes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility and diarrheagenic diagnosis of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolated from feral pigeons (Columba livia) captured in Fortaleza, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2150-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben V. Horn ◽  
Windleyanne G.A. Bezerra ◽  
Elisângela S. Lopes ◽  
Régis S.C. Teixeira ◽  
Isaac N.G. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Feral Pigeons

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to isolate Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica from captured feral pigeons in Fortaleza, Brazil, and, in addition to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and diagnose diarrheagenic E. coli strains. Pigeons were captured in four public locations in Fortaleza with three techniques. Individual cloacal swab samples were collected and submitted to bacterial isolation, biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test. Disk diffusion technique was used with twelve antibiotics. E. coli strains were submitted to DNA extraction followed by PCR to diagnose five diarrheagenic pathotypes. A total of 124 birds were captured. One bird was positive for Salmonella enterica (0.81%) and 121 (97.58%) were positive for E. coli. Among these, 110 isolates were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility test and 28.18% (31/110) presented resistance to at least one antibiotic. Resistance to azithromycin was the most frequent (21.82%), followed by tetracycline (10.91%) and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (8.9%). Multidrug resistance, calculated as a resistance to at least 3 antimicrobial classes, was identified in 3.64% (4/110) of strains. The maximum number of antimicrobial classes to which one strain was resistant was seven. Results demonstrated nine different resistance profiles and the most frequent was tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (4 strains), followed by chloramphenicol, azithromycin, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (3 strains). Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and tobramycin presented lowest levels of antimicrobial resistance, to which none of the tested strains were resistant. A single strain was positive for the eltB gene, which is a diagnostic tool to identify the Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) pathotype. None of the other investigated genes (stx1, stx2, estA, eaeA, ipaH, aatA and aaiC) were identified. The single isolate of S. enterica was a rough strain of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, but serotype identification was not possible. However, this isolate presented resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim. Therefore, captured feral pigeons of Fortaleza presented a low prevalence of S. enterica and diarrheagenic E. coli. Considering the investigated pathogens, our results suggest a good health status and a low public health risk. However, important antimicrobial resistance profiles were identified.

Effects of crop sequence and rainfall on population dynamics of Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli in soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2005-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hall ◽  
Lana Gay Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Bean Crop ◽  
Previous Summer ◽  
Crop Sequence

Evidence is presented that population dynamics of Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli in soil depend on the effects of crop sequence and rainfall on parasitic activities of the pathogen. In a rotation trial started in 1978 and conducted over 14 years, population densities (colony-forming units/g) of the fungus in soil remained below 50 in treatments (fallow, repeated corn, repeated soybean) where the preferred host plant (common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris) was not grown. Where bean was grown every 3rd year or every year, population densities reached 475 and 660, respectively, by 1984. Thereafter, population densities of the fungus fluctuated widely from year to year in both rotation and repeated bean treatments. In the rotation treatment, peaks in population density of the pathogen coincided with the years of bean production. In repeated bean plots between 1985 and 1991, population density of the fungus in June was significantly correlated (r = 0.77, p = 0.04) with total rainfall received during the previous summer (June–August). It is postulated that higher rainfall during the growing season of the bean crop stimulated root growth and root infection, leading to the accumulation of higher levels of potential inoculum in infected tissue and the release of higher levels of inoculum into the soil by the following June. Key words: Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli, bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, rainfall, crop rotation.

scholarly journals Carnavalesk taalgebruik en de constructie van lokale identiteiten

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie M.E.A. Cornips ◽  
Vincent de Rooij ◽  
Irene Stengs
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Southern Netherlands ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

This article aims to encourage the interdisciplinary study of ‘languaculture,’ an approach to language and culture in which ideology, linguistic and cultural forms, as well as praxis are studied in relation to one another. An integrated analysis of the selection of linguistic and cultural elements provides insight into how these choices arise from internalized norms and values, and how people position themselves toward received categories and hegemonic ideologies. An interdisciplinary approach will stimulate a rethinking of established concepts and methods of research. It will also lead to a mutual strengthening of linguistic, sociolinguistic, and anthropological research. This contribution focuses on Limburg and the linguistic political context of this Southern-Netherlands region where people are strongly aware of their linguistic distinctiveness. The argument of the paper is based on a case study of languaculture, viz. the carnivalesque song ‘Naar Talia’ (To Italy) by the Getske Boys from the city of Heerlen.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document