Comparative demography of increasing and stable populations of blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Redfield
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus ◽  
Comparative Demography ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Stable Populations

The demographic characteristics of an increasing population of blue grouse were studied from 1968 to 1971. Increasing populations of grouse had high reproductive rates and slightly higher than average mortality rates among females as compared to stable populations.

Features of Stroke in Chinese Diabetes Patients: A Hospital-based Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
X-D Zhang ◽  
Y-R Chen ◽  
L Ge ◽  
Z-M Ge ◽  
Y-H Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Haemorrhage ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

In this study, demographic characteristics, risk factors, stroke subtypes and outcome were compared in 2532 patients with and without diabetes hospitalized for first-ever stroke. Diabetes was present in 471 (18.6%) of the patients. Patients with diabetes presented more frequently with ischaemic stroke (92.1% versus 71.3%), especially lacunar infarction (41.2% versus 35.2%), compared with non-diabetics. Cerebral haemorrhage was less frequent in diabetics than non-diabetics (4.2% versus 18.1%). In-hospital mortality rates from ischaemic stroke were similar in the two groups (18.2% in diabetics and 16.9% in non-diabetics). Predictors of in-hospital mortality in diabetic patients included decreased consciousness, congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. In conclusion, stroke in diabetic patients was different to stroke in non-diabetic patients: in diabetics the frequency of cerebral haemorrhage was lower and the rate of lacunar infarct syndrome was higher, but in-hospital mortality from ischaemic stroke was not increased. Clinical factors evident at the onset of stroke have a major influence on in-hospital mortality and may help clinicians provide a more accurate prognosis.

scholarly journals FITTING OF AGE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 405-415
Author(s):  
A.S. Talawar ◽  
Rajani P. Agadi
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Survival Functions ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Specific Mortality

The age-pattern of mortality can be represented by various parametric models. In the present paper we consider a mixture of Weibull, Inverse-Weibull, and Gompertz-Makeham (GoMa) survival functions and Heligman–Pollard model to fit U.S. life table 2014.  We use loss criterion for parameter estimation and demonstrate fitting of model. Both mixture and Heligman–Pollard model fit the mortality pattern reasonably well up to age 90.  We notice that the estimated mortality rates fit the actual pattern fairly well, although the fit at the earlier ages could be better. We have obtained the plots using our estimated values. The plots for mortality pattern of total population and other demographic characteristics (sex and race) are also considered.

Demographic characteristics of Peromyscus leucopus inhabiting a natural dispersal sink

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2321-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Krohne
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
West Central ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Natural Dispersal

The population biology of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) inhabiting a 1.4-ha naturally occurring dispersal sink was studied for 5 years in west-central Indiana and compared with that in surrounding old-growth habitat. Densities in the dispersal sink were consistently lower than in prime habitat. Autumn and winter survival were practically nil. The sink was recolonized by adults in the spring following extreme low winter densities or extinction. Summer reproductive rates and the pattern of territoriality were similar to those in prime habitat. Mice colonized elsewhere when empty prime habitat was made experimentally available. The data suggest that few dispersing mice can be accommodated by the dispersal sink.

Demography, behavior, and genetics of a colonizing population of blue grouse

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1948-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred C. Zwickel ◽  
James A. Redfield ◽  
John Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Starch Gels ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Subsequent Replacement

The demography, behavior, and genetics of a population of blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) that colonized an area from which most grouse were removed were compared with those of grouse on a nearby control area. Population density increased on the removal area from 1971 to 1974 but remained essentially stable on the control area. Although there were some differences in survival and reproductive rates among years and between areas, none appeared related to the experimental removal and subsequent replacement by new founders.No consistent differences in potentially aggressive behavior were observed between birds in the two populations. Behavioral differences that occurred were likely related to differences in age structures of the two populations or to the synchronous settling of a cohort of mostly young birds on the experimental area.There was no excess of Ng (Birdsall, α., J. A. Redfield, and D. G. Cameron. White bands on starch gels stained for esterase activity; a new polymorphism. Biochem. Genet. 4: 655–658 (1970)) homozygotes among recruits to the experimental area, in contrast with Redfield's (Demography and genetics in colonizing populations of blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus). Evolution, 27(4): 576–592 (1974)) report of such an excess among birds colonizing new habitat.The increase in the population on the experimental area compared with the control area must have resulted from an increased recruitment of yearlings. No clear evidence was found that this increase was related to qualitative differences between stocks on the two areas.

Demographic characteristics of a rural area in Kenya in 1974–80

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. van Ginneken ◽  
A. S. Muller ◽  
A. M. Voorhoeve ◽  
Omondi-Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Crude Birth Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
Very High

SummaryA longitudinal, epidemiological study was carried out in a rural area of Kenya with a population of about 28,000 between 1974 and 1980. Population registration during this time showed that population growth was very high between 1974 and 1978 (4·4% per year) and much lower in 1979 and 1980 (1·1%). Natural increase was nearly as high as in Kenya as a whole (3·7%) in this period. Fertility was somewhat lower than in all Kenya (the crude birth rate was 46 per 1000) while mortality was substantially lower (7 per 1000). Evidence is presented supporting the argument that these low mortality rates are genuine. Levels of temporary and permanent migration are high and probably characteristic for many parts of Kenya. The change in population growth in 1979 and 1980 is probably due to changes in economic conditions leading in particular to less in-migration and to more out-migration.

Risk factors for 30-day mortality in patients with carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumanniiduring an outbreak in an intensive care unit

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. PRATES ◽  
A. F. MARTINS ◽  
S. V. SUPERTI ◽  
F. S. LOPES ◽  
F. RAMOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Appropriate Therapy

SUMMARYThis study assessed risk factors for 30-day mortality in 66 patients with carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii(CRAB) infection or colonization during an outbreak in an intensive-care unit. Clinical and demographic characteristics were evaluated. The overall 30-day mortality was 47·0%. In the multivariate Cox regression model, septic shock [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 5·01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·32–10·01] and APACHE II score at onset of infection (aHR 1·11, 95% CI 1·04–1·18) were significantly associated with 30-day mortality. Administration of appropriate therapy was a protective factor, but it was not statistically significant (aHR 0·48, 95% CI 0·21–1·12). A sample of isolates tested (n=27) carried theblaOXA-23gene. Severity of baseline condition and severity of infection presentation were major risk factors for mortality during the outbreak. Patients who received appropriate therapy tended to have lower mortality rates, although therapy was started late and dosage was suboptimal in most cases.

Survival and delayed breeding in male blue grouse

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1881-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Lewis ◽  
Fred C. Zwickels
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus ◽  
Survival Patterns

We present an analysis of survival of male blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) using known-aged individuals and examine the results in terms of the evolution of delayed breeding. Males had low rates of mortality and, among 2-year-olds, mortality rates of territorial and nonterritorial birds were the same. Up to 6 years of age, males had life expectancies of at least 2 years. Males that postponed breeding and survived had a 40–45% chance of eventually obtaining a high-quality site for a territory. If males had not delayed breeding they likely would have had to settle on areas where opportunities for breeding appear to be low. Thus, survival patterns of males are consistent with the hypothesis that it is advantageous for some males to delay breeding if high-quality sites cannot be obtained.

scholarly journals The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Hip Fractures in Advanced Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Metin Özsezen ◽  
Ahmet Burak Bilekli ◽  
Anıl Özgür ◽  
Onur Denizhan Sivri ◽  
Çağrı Neyişçi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Primary Care Unit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
American Society ◽  
American Society Of Anesthesiologists

Objective: Hip fractures due to domestic low-energy traumas are common problems that can cause significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. Since the Covid-19 outbreak, although the lock-down of older people could decrease contagion,the incidence of domestic traumas did not decrease, and led to development of various comorbidities. In this study, we aimed to compare the epidemiology of hip fractures in 6 months of the pandemic in 2020, with the equivalent 6-month period in the previous year to determine the relationship between lock-down and hip fractures due to domestic falls. Method: In this retrospective study, patients over 65 years old who were hospitalized due to hip fractures between May 1st, 2020 - November 30th, 2020 were compared with the similar cohort hospitalized between May 1st, 2019 - November 30th, 2019. The patients were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores, type of anesthesia, time until surgery, comorbidities, surgical treatment modality, need for postoperative primary care unit, postoperative complications, and mortality. Results: Overall, 210 patients were included in our study. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding demographic characteristics and ASA scores. In the 2020 group, there were eight patients (8.6%) who were Covid-19 PCR- positive. There was no death proven by PCR that was related to COVID-19 disease. Time to surgery, fracture type, anesthesia type did not differ between the two groups. The need for a postoperative primary care unit was higher in the 2020 group. Ninety-day mortality rates were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, despite higher mortality rates described in the literature, there was no Covid -19 associated mortality in our study. Hip fractures in the elderly did not alter with social mobilization; hence they usually occur due to domestic low- energy traumas. Reporting of the information in this patient group by all centers will provide important data in the management of hip fractures in this special process.

scholarly journals Excess Mortality Attributed to Hurricane Irma Among Assisted Living Residents With Chronic Conditions in Florida

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 286-286
Author(s):  
Kali Thomas ◽  
Lindsay Peterson ◽  
Debra Dobbs ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
David Dosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Living ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Medicare Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hurricane Irma

Abstract Little is known about the impact of hurricanes on residents in assisted living communities (ALs), especially among individuals with chronic conditions that increase their risk of death after storms. We examined how the association between exposure to Hurricane Irma in 2017 and mortality differed by select chronic conditions. With Medicare data, we identified cohorts of AL residents in 2015 (n= 30,712) and 2017 (n= 29,842 ) and compared their rates of 30-day and 90-day and mortality. We adjusted rates for demographic characteristics and other comorbidities. AL residents with diabetes were at highest risk of death after the storm; between 2015 and 2017 they experienced a 50% increase in their 30-day mortality rates (0.6% in 2015, 0.9% in 2017) and a 43% increase in their 90-day mortality rates (2.1% in 2015, 3.0% in 2017). Policy makers should consider strategies to ensure that diabetic residents maintain continuity of medical care during disasters.

scholarly journals Effects of Nesting Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) on Behaviour and Reproductive Rates in a Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) Colony in Ontario

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-371
Author(s):  
Bill Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Haliaeetus Leucocephalus ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Ardea Herodias ◽  
Great Blue Heron ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reproductive Rates

Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) are known to occasionally nest in mixed colonies, even though the former is one of the primary predators of the latter. I observed the two species in four heron colonies near Lake Simcoe, Ontario during two field seasons to assess whether rates of heron chick mortality or nest abandonment were greater in a colony that supported a nesting pair of Bald Eagles than in three nearby single-species colonies. I assessed the effects of eagle presence on heron behaviour using heron movement rates, the number of heron sentries left in colonies during the nesting period, heron nest mortality rates, and the average number of successfully fledged herons per nest. There was no statistically significant difference in movement rate among the four colonies, proportion of birds remaining as sentries, nor nest mortality rates. However, nests in the mixed colony successfully fledged significantly more heron young per nest than did nests in the single-species colonies. The mixed colony was located in a wetland and open lake system that provided extensive foraging habitat and an abundance of the preferred fish prey species of both Great Blue Herons and Bald Eagles, thus reducing predation pressure on the herons.

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