Effectiveness Of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And  Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months)

ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the role of mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the role of mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.

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Optimalisasi Pertumbuhan Bayi dengan Baby Massage and Spa

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.26630/jk.v10i2.1416 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 276

Author(s):

Yusari Asih ◽

I Gusti Ayu Mirah WS

Keyword(s):

Body Length ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference

Baby Massage and Spa was a traditional effort that uses a holistic approach through comprehensive care using a combination of massage and water therapy methods that are carried out in an integrated manner to balance the body, mind, and feelings. Age 3-6 months is the right time for babies to do massage and spa. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of baby massage and spa on the growth of infants aged 3-5 months in Pringsewu District in 2018. This study uses a quasi-experimental approach with research design pre and post-test with control group design. The purposive sampling technique was taken with a sample of 30 infants as the intervention group and 30 infants as the control group. Data were processed using computerization and analyzed using the T-Test. The results showed that there were significant differences between body weight, body length and baby head circumference in the pre and post-treatment. There was no significant difference in the average increase in infant weight between babies who were carried out by baby massage and spa with babies who were not carried out by baby massage and spa with p-value 0.116. There is a significant difference in the baby's body length and head circumference performed by baby massage and spa with those not carried out by baby massage and spa with p-value 0.000. Baby Massage and Spa has a significant effect on increasing the growth of babies aged 3-5 months.

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THE USE OF INSTAGRAM TO DEVELOP STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY

Akademika ◽

10.34005/akademika.v9i01.808 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 97-107

Author(s):

Amelia Nurdiansyah ◽

Tryanti R. Abdulrahman

Keyword(s):

Teaching And Learning ◽

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Discrimination Power ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Writing Ability ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Difficulty Index

The research consists of two variables, namely the independent variable (Instagram) and the dependent variable (writing ability). The aim of this research is to find out whether or not the use of Instagram is effective in teaching writing Descriptive Text. The population of this research was all grade ten students at SMAN 3 Bekasi, consisted of 370 students divided into 10 classes. The sample of this research was 74 students divided into 2 classes, taken from the population using Cluster Random Sampling Technique. This research used the Quasi Experimental Method, and the design was randomized post-test only control group design. To collect the data, the writers used instrument. The instrument consists of 10 question items in an essay. They were developed from the indicators of writing as specified in BluePrint. To get a good instrument, it was tried out to other classes outside the sample classes, and the instrument was analyzed in the item of its validity, reliability, difficulty index, and discrimination power by using Ms. Excel 2010. After it has been analyzed, it gained 5 items which were used to collect data for the research. The writers used a T-test to find out whether the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted or rejected. The result of this research presented that there was a significant difference of Instagram on students’ writing ability at SMAN 3 Bekasi. The significance (Sig.) score of T-test 0.000 is lower than (<) 0.05. Therefore, the research had a significant difference in Instagram on Grade Ten Students’ Writing Ability at SMAN 3 Bekasi. In addition, Instagram helped the students to develop their writing, and also, it can ease the teaching and learning process.

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Knowledge, Attitude, and Skill of Family to Treat Elderly with Diabetes Mellitus at Home through the Empowerment of Elderly Cadre in Lampung

10.20944/preprints202104.0551.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Komang Achjar ◽

Dwi Agustanti ◽

Sri Parasitha ◽

Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

The Elderly ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Attitude Score ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

At Home

Diabetes is a chronic disease that often causes progressive complications in the elderly. Along with the decline in cognitive function in the elderly, it causes dependence on disciplined management of diabetes mellitus. This dependence causes a very important mentoring role to be given. The purpose of this study is to provide knowledge, attitudes, and family skills to care for the elderly with diabetes mellitus at home through the empowerment of elderly cadres in Lampung. This research method is a quasi-experimental research with a control group design with a total of 64 elderly respondents and 64 families selected by simple random sampling technique. The assessment used an instrument for assessing family abilities that the researcher developed included aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. The results of the dependent t-test analysis showed a significant increase in the knowledge and skills variable in the intervention group (0.000) but decreased in the attitude variable with p 0.198. Meanwhile, the increase in value also occurred in the attitude and skill variables in the control group. So that the results of the independent t-test only showed a significant difference in the attitude score (0.000) with the highest score in the control group. So that there is no significant increase in the ability of the family after the implementation of elderly cadres empowerment.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Glutamin pada Kemampuan Fagositosis Makrofag terhadap Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v4i3.348 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Daslina Daslina ◽

Eryati Darwin ◽

Aziz Djamal

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Immune System ◽

Amino Acid ◽

T Test ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test

Abstrak Pseudomonas aeruginosa adalah bakteri penyebab infeksi terbanyak yang resisten terhadap antibiotik. Glutamin adalah asam amino yang terdapat dalam tubuh yang salah satu fungsinya dapat memodulasi imunitas tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan potensi glutamin dalam meningkatkan kemampuan sistem imun terhadap infeksi P. aeruginosa. Penelitian eksperimental dengan post test only control group design telah dilakukan terhadap 24 ekor mencit usia 6-8 minggu dengan berat 30 gr. Mencit dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok, yaitu kontrol (K) danperlakuan (P) yang diberi glutamin dengan dosis 30 mg/kg/hari selama 14 hari. Isolasi makrofag peritoneum mencit dilakukan pada hari ke-15 dan dilakukan uji fagositosis menggunakan latex dan bakteri P. aeruginosa. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap persentase makrofag aktif terhadap latex dan P. aeruginosa. Hasil pengamatan dan analisisstatistik menggunakan metode t-test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara kontrol dan perlakuan (p<0.05). Persentase makrofag aktif terhadap latex adalah 0,63 ± 0,058 (K) dan 0,84 ± 0,04 (P), sedangkan terhadap P. aeruginosa adalah 0,56± 0,07 (K) dan 0,80± 0,03 (P). Terlihat bahwa angka persentase fagositosis terhadap P.aeruginosa lebih kecil karena adanya kemampuan bakteri untuk menghadapi makrofag dibandingkan latex. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa asam amino non-esensial glutamin memiliki pengaruh untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sistem imun tubuh. Kata kunci: glutamin, fagositosis makrofag, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common cause of bacterial infections that are resistant to antibiotics. Glutamine is an amino acid in the body that able to modulate the body's immune function. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of glutamine in enhancing the ability of the immune system against infection of P.aeruginosa. Experimental research with post test only control group design was conducted on 24 male minutes 6-8 weeks of age weighing 30 grams. Mice were divided into two groups: control (K) and treatment (P) are given glutamine at a dose of 30 mg / kg / day for 14 days. Isolation of peritoneal macrophages of mice performed on day-15 and testedusing latex and bacterial phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa. Observations were made of the percentage of activated macrophages toward latex and P. aeruginosa. The observation result and statistical analysis using t -test showed a significant difference between the control and treatment (p <0.05). The percentage of active macrophages to latex was0.63 ± 0.058 (K) and 0.84 ± 0.04 (P), while to P. aeruginosa is 0.56 ± 0.07 (K) and 0.80 ± 0.03 (P). That seein it percentage of phagocytosis against P. aeruginosa smaller than compared to latex. Because of the ability of bacteria to confront macrophages. The conclusion from this study is a non-essensial amino acid glutamine has the effect to increase the ability of the body's immune system. Keywords: glutamin, immunity phagocytosis macrophage, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Improvement of Mother Knowledge Who Have Children Age 2-5 Years About Training Toilet Using a Drawing Media

International Journal of Studies in Nursing ◽

10.20849/ijsn.v4i2.575 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Abdul Haris ◽

A Harris

Keyword(s):

Health Center ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Community Health Center ◽

Toilet Training ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Learning Method ◽

Maternal Knowledge ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Work Area

Toilet training in children is an attempt to train children to be able to control urination and defecation. The purpose of this study was to find out the development of pictorial media as a learning method for mothers in training toilet training in children aged 2-5 years in the Work Area of Bolo Health Center, Bolo District, Bima Regency. The design of this study is “Pretest-Posttest, Control Group Design”. The object of the study was 80 mothers who had children aged 2 - 5 years. Data were taken using the checklist sheet. To find out the results of the development of pictorial media as a learning method for mothers in training toilet training in children aged 2-3 years, the Wilcoxon test was performed by statistical tests. The results showed that the knowledge of mothers before toilet training through pictorial media was 29 people (72.5%) lacked the knowledge and 11 people (27.5%) had enough knowledge, after training, there were significant changes, 37 people (92.5) good knowledge and 3 people (7.5%) enough knowledge. The conclusion of the pictorial media development training can increase maternal knowledge about toilet training in children aged 2-5 years in the Work Area of Bolo Community Health Center, Bolo District, Bima Regency.

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PENGARUH METODE PROYEK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PENGUKURAN ANAK KELOMPOK B GUGUS CEMPAKA KECAMATAN KUTA UTARA

Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha ◽

10.23887/paud.v7i2.18993 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 185

Author(s):

MADE DWI ARISADEWI . ◽

Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Jampel,M.Pd . ◽

Dr. Putu Aditya Antara, S.Pd., M.Pd. .

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Measurement Capability ◽

Project Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group B ◽

Academic Year

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan pengukuran antara anak yang diberikan pembelajaran menggunakan metode proyek dengan anak yang diberikan pembelajaran menggunakan metode ceramah pada anak kelompok B Gugus Cempaka Kecamatan Kuta Utara Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Eksperimen Semu dengan desain non equivalen Control Group Design. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak kelompok B Gugus Cempaka Kecamatan Kuta Utara yang berjumlah 476 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan teknik cluster sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok B3 TK Tunas Mekar I yang berjumlah 15 anak sebagai kelompok eksperimen serta anak kelompok B3 TK Tunas Mekar II yang berjumlah 15 anak sebagai kelompok kontrol. Data hasil pengukuran anak dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi menggunakan lembar observasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial dengan uji-t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh hasil uji-t yaitu thitung = 2,7905 dan ttabel dengan taraf signifikan 5% pada derajat kebebasan (dk) 28 adalah 2,0484. Hasil uji-t menunjukkan bahwa thitung>ttabel, maka H0 ditolak dan HA diterima. Dengan demikian dapat diketahui bahwa, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan pengukuran antara anak yang diberikan pembelajaran menggunakan metode proyek dengan anak yang diberikan pembelajaran menggunakan metode ceramah pada anak kelompok B Gugus Cempaka Kecamatan Kuta Utara Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan metode proyek terhadap kemampuan pengukuran anak kelompok B Gugus Cempaka Kecamatan Kuta Utara Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.Kata Kunci : metode proyek, pengukuran, anak usia dini The aim of study is to know the significant difference of measurement capability between children who are given learning using of project method with children who are given learning using of lecture method in children group B Gugus Cempaka in Kuta Utara of Academic Year 2018/2019. This research type is quasi experiment research with non-equivalent control group design. The population of this research is all the children of group B Gugus Cempaka in Kuta Utara. The total amount of population of this research is 476 people. The sampling technique is using cluster sampling technique. The sample in this research is children of group B3 TK Tunas Mekar I which consists of 15 children as experiment group and children of group B3 TK Tunas Mekar II which consist of 15 children as control group. The data of children’s measurement is collected by observation technique using observation sheet. The data obtained is analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis with T-test. Based on the result of data analysis, the result of t-test is tcount = 2,7905 and ttable with significant level of 5% at degrees of freedom (dk) 28 is 2,0484. The result of t-test show that tcount > ttable then H0 is rejected and HA is accepted. Thus, it could be know that, there is a significant difference of measurement capability between children who are given learning using of project method with children who are given learning using of lecture method in children group B Gugus Cempaka in Kuta Utara of Academic Year 2018/2019. Thus, it can be concluded that, there was signifikan influence of project method on children’s measurement capability of group B Gugus Cempaka in Kuta Utara of Academic Year 2018/2019. keyword : project method, measurement, early childhood

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AROMA TERAPI LAVENDER TERHADAP KECEMASAN PASIEN PRA OPERASI KATARAK

Nutrix Journal ◽

10.37771/nj.vol3.iss1.394 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Elisa Anderson ◽

Juwyensi A. Taareluan

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Medical Procedure ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experimental

Surgery is a medical procedure that can trigger anxiety, lavender aromatherapy is one alternative intervention that can be done to overcome this anxiety. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of lavender aroma therapy on the anxiety of pre cataract surgery patients. The research method used was quasi experimental pre and post test with control group design. This study was conducted on 30 respondents selected through consecutive sampling technique and divided into two groups, namely 15 people in the control group and 15 people in the treatment group. The results of this study showed that through the Wilcoxon test found p=0.008, there was a significant effect of lavender aromatherapy on anxiety in the treatment group. In the Mann Whitney test found p=0.006, there was a significant difference in the effect of lavender aromatherapy on anxiety in the treatment and control groups. Thus, there is a significant effect of the lavender aromatherapy on the anxiety of pre-cataract surgery patients. Nurses can provide aromas of lavender therapy to reduce the anxiety of preoperative patients so that the surgical procedure can work well.

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PENGARUH MEDIA PERMAINAN TEKA-TEKI SILANG TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN GEOGRAFI DI SMA NEGERI 1 MARISA

JAMBURA GEO EDUCATION JOURNAL ◽

10.34312/jgej.v1i1.4845 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

Sarjon Lakoro ◽

Sunarty Eraku ◽

Daud Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Learning Outcomes ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Test Results ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Crossword Puzzle ◽

Significant Difference

The Effect of Crossword Puzzle Game Media on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Geography Learning (A Case Study at Grade X IPS at Senior High School of SMAN 1 Marisa). This experimental study is about learning outcomes which aimed to determine significant differences in students' learning outcomes using crossword media and Powerpoint media. This employed a quantitative approach where the design forms use a posttest-only control group design. In this method, we will see how the cause and effect relationships of using treatments use crosswords and PowerPoint media. In collecting data, learning test results are used in the study sample. The sample is two classes of X IPS as an experimental class with a control class, namely class X IPS 1 consisting of 32 students as an experimental class and class X IPS 3 consisting of 31 students as a control class. To take samples, the researcher used a Clauster random sampling technique or random sampling group. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that there was a significant difference on the learning outcomes of students who were taught using media crosswords with learning outcomes of students who were taught using powerpoint media. This is indicated by the results of the t-test. Furthermore, the value of t is t count = 4,57 and t table = 1,99. The sample is stated to be significantly different if t count t table. Hypothesis test results show that t count t table is 4,57 1,99. Therefore, it can be concluded that from the t-test results H0 is rejected and HI is accepted. In other words, it has a significant difference

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PENGARUH METODE TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INGGRIS ANAK KELOMPOK B

Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha ◽

10.23887/paud.v7i2.18985 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Ni Luh Suantari . ◽

Dr. Putu Aditya Antara, S.Pd., M.Pd. . ◽

Putu Rahayu Ujianti, S.Psi., M.Psi., Psi .

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Group Iv ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Physical Response ◽

Group B

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan kosakata bahasa Inggris, antara anak yang diberikan pembelajaran menggunakan metode total physical response (TPR) dengan anak yang diberikan pembelajaran menggunakan metode expositori pada anak kelompok B TK Gugus IV Kecamatan Buleleng. Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain non equivalen control group design. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak kelompok B TK Gugus IV Kecamatan Buleleng, yang berjumlah 220 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan teknik cluster sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok B TK Santo Rafael yang berjumlah 18 anak sebagai kelompok eksperimen serta anak kelompok B1 TK Ganesa yang berjumlah 19 anak sebagai kelompok kontrol. Data hasil kosakata Bahasa Inggris anak dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi menggunakan lembar observasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial dengan uji-t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh hasil uji-t yaitu thitung = 31,874 dan ttabel dengan taraf signifikan 5% pada derajat kebebasan (db) 35 adalah 2,030. Hasil uji-t menunjukkan bahwa thitung>ttabel, maka H0 ditolak dan HA diterima. Dengan demikian dapat diketahui bahwa, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan kosakata Bahasa Inggris antara anak yang diberikan pembelajaran dengan metode total physical response dengan anak yang diberikan metode expository.Kata Kunci : anak kelompok B, total physical response, kosakata. Abstract The aim of this study is to know the significant difference of English vocabulary capability, between children who are given learning using total physical response method with children who are given learning using expository method in children group B of TK Group IV Buleleng District, Academic Year 2018 / 2019. This research type is quasi-experiment research with non-equivalent control group design. The population of this research is all the children of group TK Group IV Buleleng District. The total amount of population of this research is 220 people. The sampling technique is using cluster sampling technique. The sample in this research is the children of group B TK Santo Rafael which consists of 18 children as experiment group and children of group B1 TK Ganesa which consists of 19 children as control group. The data of children's English vocabulary is collected by observation technique using observation sheet. The data obtained is analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis with T-test. Based on the result of data analysis, the result of t-test is thitung 3,875 and ttabel with significant level 5% at degrees of freedom (db) 35 is 2,030. The result of t-test shows that thitung> ttabel, then H0 is rejected and HA is accepted. Thus, it can be seen that, there is a significant difference in the ability of English vocabulary between children who are given learning with total physical method with children who are given expository method.keyword : children of B group, total physical response, vocabulary.

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Efficacy of Listening to Murattal in Reducing the Pain Experienced by ICU Patients

Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman ◽

10.20884/1.jks.2021.16.3.1567 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Iwan Purnawan ◽

Arif Imam Hidayat ◽

Eman Sutrisna ◽

Galih Noor Alivian ◽

Ikit Netra Wirakhmi

Keyword(s):

Healing Process ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Icu Patients ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Pain is one of the main problems in patients with ICU. Inadequate handling can cause adverse effects such as unstable hemodynamics, trigger stress, and thus hinder the healing process. Non-pharmacological intervention is needed to help manage pain in patients with ICU. Purpose: This study aims to identify the effect of murottal listening to pain in ICU patients. Methods: This is a quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test with control group design. The sampling technique was simple random sampling, consisting of 40 respondents divided into two groups. The Critical Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) is used to measure pain. Statistics using a paired t-test, Wilcoxon-test, and Mann Whitney. Results: Significant decreases in pain scores were observed in treatment groups of 4, 5 to 4,0; p = 0,013. In the control group, there was a significant decrease in pain scores from 4,8 to 4,3; p = 0,001. There was no significant difference between the median decrease in pain in the intervention group (0.001 (-1-2.0) and the control group (0.001 (0.001-1.0)) with p = 0.242. Conclusion: Murottal listening does not have a significant effect on pain in patients of ICU.

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