scholarly journals Development of a liquid scintillator based active fission target for FIPPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kandzia ◽  
G. Belier ◽  
C. Michelagnoli ◽  
J. Aupiais ◽  
M. Barani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Scintillator ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Fission Fragments ◽  
Efficient Suppression ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Time Resolution

Abstract An active fission target has been developed for the FIPPS instrument at ILL, enabling for the first time an efficient suppression of $$\upbeta $$ β -delayed $$\upgamma $$ γ rays in high-resolution and high-efficiency $$\upgamma $$ γ -ray spectroscopy of fission fragments at a neutron beam. The target is based on a liquid scintillator in which the actinide is dissolved, resulting in a 4$$\pi $$ π fragment detection. Measurements have been performed with $$^{233, 235}$$ 233 , 235 U, with a fission tagging efficiency of 97.8(25)%. The high efficiency, together with the good time resolution of the scintillator target, provide high-selectivity data for $$\upgamma $$ γ -ray spectroscopy studies of fission fragments.

High resolution, high efficiency liquid scintillator capillary array for gamma imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 073506
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Huasi Hu ◽  
Kuinian Li ◽  
Bodong Peng ◽  
Liang Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Scintillator ◽  
Gamma Imaging ◽  
Capillary Array

Application of strip electrode in single-gap RPC

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. P11037
Author(s):  
Q. Li ◽  
X. Xie ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
J. Ge ◽  
Z. Xue
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Strip Electrode ◽  
Detector Structure ◽  
Physics Experiments ◽  
Good Time Resolution ◽  
Trigger Detector ◽  
Energy Physics

Abstract The Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) is widely used in High Energy Physics experiments as trigger detector to take advantage of its good time resolution and high efficiency. A conventional RPC detector consists of one gas gap covered by graphite layers on both side. The working voltage is applied on these layers and the charge of avalanche dissipates through them. In this paper, a design which removes the graphite layers and uses the readout strips as the electrode is applied to simplify the structure of this detector. This design eliminates the challenge of controlling the uniformity of the graphite layer and simplifies the detector structure.

X-ray parametric scattering by a diamond crystal

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 980-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yoda ◽  
T. Suzuki ◽  
X.-W. Zhang ◽  
K. Hirano ◽  
S. Kikuta
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Matching Condition ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Diamond Single Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Parametric Scattering ◽  
Phase Matching Condition ◽  
Good Time Resolution

Spontaneous X-ray parametric scattering from a diamond single crystal has been observed at the Photon Factory. The high perfection of the diamond single crystal and the small angular divergence of synchrotron radiation has enabled down-converted X-ray photon pairs to scatter into two small solid angles which satisfy the phase-matching condition. High-efficiency noise reduction was performed using avalanche photodiode detectors with good time resolution.

Microcalorimeters for X-Ray Spectroscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
E. Silver ◽  
C. Hailey ◽  
S. Labov ◽  
N. Madden ◽  
D. Landis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
Sapphire Substrates ◽  
Laboratory Plasmas ◽  
Adiabatic Demagnetization ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

The merits of microcalorimetry below 1°K for high resolution spectroscopy has become widely recognized on theoretical grounds. By combining the high efficiency, broadband spectral sensitivity of traditional photoelectric detectors with the high resolution capabilities characteristic of dispersive spectrometers, the microcalorimeter could potentially revolutionize spectroscopic measurements of astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. In actuality, however, the performance of prototype instruments has fallen short of theoretical predictions and practical detectors are still unavailable for use as laboratory and space-based instruments. These issues are currently being addressed by the new collaborative initiative between LLNL, LBL, U.C.I., U.C.B., and U.C.D.. Microcalorimeters of various types are being developed and tested at temperatures of 1.4, 0.3, and 0.1°K. These include monolithic devices made from NTD Germanium and composite configurations using sapphire substrates with temperature sensors fabricated from NTD Germanium, evaporative films of Germanium-Gold alloy, or material with superconducting transition edges. A new approache to low noise pulse counting electronics has been developed that allows the ultimate speed of the device to be determined solely by the detector thermal response and geometry. Our laboratory studies of the thermal and resistive properties of these and other candidate materials should enable us to characterize the pulse shape and subsequently predict the ultimate performance. We are building a compact adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator for conveniently reaching 0.1°K in the laboratory and for use in future satellite-borne missions. A description of this instrument together with results from our most recent experiments will be presented.

The use of high-resolution FESEM to study solid-state phase transformations and reactions

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 1028-1029
Author(s):  
P. G. Kotula ◽  
D. D. Erickson ◽  
C. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Backscattered Electrons ◽  
Backscattered Electron

High-resolution field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has recently emerged as an extremely powerful method for characterizing the micro- or nanostructure of materials. The development of high efficiency backscattered-electron detectors has increased the resolution attainable with backscattered-electrons to almost that attainable with secondary-electrons. This increased resolution allows backscattered-electron imaging to be utilized to study materials once possible only by TEM. In addition to providing quantitative information, such as critical dimensions, SEM is more statistically representative. That is, the amount of material that can be sampled with SEM for a given measurement is many orders of magnitude greater than that with TEM.In the present work, a Hitachi S-900 FESEM (operating at 5kV) equipped with a high-resolution backscattered electron detector, has been used to study the α-Fe2O3 enhanced or seeded solid-state phase transformations of sol-gel alumina and solid-state reactions in the NiO/α-Al2O3 system. In both cases, a thin-film cross-section approach has been developed to facilitate the investigation. Specifically, the FESEM allows transformed- or reaction-layer thicknesses along interfaces that are millimeters in length to be measured with a resolution of better than 10nm.

Ground state molecular parameters of phosphine, PH3, from the simultaneous analysis of the high-resolution infrared, microwave and submillimeterwave spectra

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2480-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soňa Přádná ◽  
Dušan Papoušek ◽  
Jyrki Kauppinen ◽  
Sergei P. Belov ◽  
Andrei F. Krupnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Unitary Transformation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Acoustic Detection ◽  
Molecular Parameters ◽  
Microwave Spectrometer ◽  
Fourier Transform Spectra ◽  
First Time

Fourier transform spectra of the ν2 band of PH3 have been remeasured with 0.0045 cm-1 resolution. Ground state combination differences from these data have been fitted simultaneously with the microwave and submillimeterwave data to determine the ground state spectroscopical parameters of PH3 including the parameters of the Δk = ± 3n interactions. The correlation between the latter parameters has been discussed from the point of view of the existence of two equivalent effective rotational operators which are related by a unitary transformation. The ΔJ = 0, +1, ΔK = 0 (A1 ↔ A2, E ↔ E) rotational transitions in the ν2 and ν4 states have been measured for the first time by using a microwave spectrometer and a radiofrequency spectrometer with acoustic detection.

scholarly journals Molecules in the Magellanic Clouds

1991 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Booth ◽  
Th. De Graauw
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Clouds ◽  
Giant Molecular Clouds ◽  
Interstellar Molecules ◽  
First Time ◽  
Excitation Conditions

In this short review we describe recent new observations of millimetre transitions of molecules in selected regions of the Magellanic Clouds. The observations were made using the Swedish-ESO Submillimetre Telescope, SEST, (Booth et al. 1989), the relatively high resolution of which facilitates, for the first time, observations of individual giant molecular clouds in the Magellanic Clouds. We have mapped the distribution of the emission from the two lowest rotational transitions of 12CO and 13CO and hence have derived excitation conditions for the molecule. In addition, we have observed several well-known interstellar molecules in the same regions, thus doubling the number of known molecules in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The fact that all the observations have been made under controlled conditions with the same telescope enables a reasonable intercomparison of the molecular column densities. In particular, we are able to observe the relative abundances among the different isotopically substituted species of CO.

Sulfonyl Radical Triggered Selective Iodosulfonylation and Bicycli-zations of 1,6-Dienes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Ping Wu ◽  
Dong-Kai Wang ◽  
Qing-Qing Kang ◽  
Guo-Ping Ge ◽  
Hongxing Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
First Time

A novel sulfonyl radical triggered selective iodosulfonylation and bicyclizations of 1,6-dienes has been described for the first time. High selectivity and efficiency, mild reaction conditions, excellent functional group compatibility, and...

High-efficiency ternary polymer solar cells with optimized morphology of active layers enabled by few-layered β-InSe nanosheets

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 6871-6883
Author(s):  
Jianming Wang ◽  
Huangzhong Yu ◽  
Chunli Hou
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Active Layers ◽  
Ternary Polymer ◽  
First Time

Herein, few-layered β-InSe nanosheets are introduced into the active layers of polymer solar cells as morphological modifiers for the first time. 

scholarly journals Engineered Phage Endolysin Eliminates Gardnerella Biofilm without Damaging Beneficial Bacteria in Bacterial Vaginosis Ex Vivo

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Christine Landlinger ◽  
Lenka Tisakova ◽  
Vera Oberbauer ◽  
Timo Schwebs ◽  
Abbas Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Wild Type Enzyme ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
First Time

Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by an imbalance of the vaginal microbiome and a characteristic biofilm formed on the vaginal epithelium, which is initiated and dominated by Gardnerella bacteria, and is frequently refractory to antibiotic treatment. We investigated endolysins of the type 1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase encoded on Gardnerella prophages as an alternative treatment. When recombinantly expressed, these proteins demonstrated strong bactericidal activity against four different Gardnerella species. By domain shuffling, we generated several engineered endolysins with 10-fold higher bactericidal activity than any wild-type enzyme. When tested against a panel of 20 Gardnerella strains, the most active endolysin, called PM-477, showed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.13–8 µg/mL. PM-477 had no effect on beneficial lactobacilli or other species of vaginal bacteria. Furthermore, the efficacy of PM-477 was tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization on vaginal samples of fifteen patients with either first time or recurring bacterial vaginosis. In thirteen cases, PM-477 killed the Gardnerella bacteria and physically dissolved the biofilms without affecting the remaining vaginal microbiome. The high selectivity and effectiveness in eliminating Gardnerella, both in cultures of isolated strains as well as in clinically derived samples of natural polymicrobial biofilms, makes PM-477 a promising alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, especially in patients with frequent recurrence.

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