scholarly journals Spatiotemporal distributions of population in Seoul: joint influence of ridership and accessibility of the subway system

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hye Lee ◽  
Segun Goh ◽  
Keumsook Lee ◽  
M. Y. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Subway System ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMoving along with daily life, urban residents and commuters create characteristic spatiotemporal patterns which vary extensively with the time of day. These patterns are formed via traffic flows: accordingly, understanding the impact of transportation system is essential for urban planners to evaluate expected urban activities. To explore them, we examine specifically population distributions in Seoul City by analyzing hourly population data based on mobile phone location records in combination with a couple of indicators of the Seoul Subway system. Through clustering and principal component analyses, we first demonstrate that the spatial distribution of the population is categorized according to the time of day, i.e., night, daytime, and evening, variations across which reflect the morphology of land use. We then examine the influence of the subway system on the population, employing ridership and accessibility as indicators. Our linear regression analysis shows that both are associated with the daytime and the evening populations, which implies that only commercial activities are substantially coupled to the subway system. Further, we find that the distinctive difference of night population is encoded in the probability distributions; this is elucidated by means of a multiplicative growth model for the morphological evolution of Seoul, revealing decentralization of residential areas and centralization of commercial areas. This study sheds light on the interplay of a public transportation system and land use, which is of relevance to planners and policymakers wishing to develop neighborhoods in support of sustainable modes.

scholarly journals Virus Transmission Risk in Urban Rail Systems: Microscopic Simulation-Based Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110101
Author(s):  
Jiali Zhou ◽  
Haris N. Koutsopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
The Impact

The transmission risk of airborne diseases in public transportation systems is a concern. This paper proposes a modified Wells-Riley model for risk analysis in public transportation systems to capture the passenger flow characteristics, including spatial and temporal patterns, in the number of boarding and alighting passengers, and in number of infectors. The model is used to assess overall risk as a function of origin–destination flows, actual operations, and factors such as mask-wearing and ventilation. The model is integrated with a microscopic simulation model of subway operations (SimMETRO). Using actual data from a subway system, a case study explores the impact of different factors on transmission risk, including mask-wearing, ventilation rates, infectiousness levels of disease, and carrier rates. In general, mask-wearing and ventilation are effective under various demand levels, infectiousness levels, and carrier rates. Mask-wearing is more effective in mitigating risks. Impacts from operations and service frequency are also evaluated, emphasizing the importance of maintaining reliable, frequent operations in lowering transmission risks. Risk spatial patterns are also explored, highlighting locations of higher risk.

scholarly journals Sustainabilization of Hanoi mobility approached from new residential areas: Will it be a city without motorbike?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Minh Tung
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Personal Mobility ◽  
Doi Moi ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction

Due to the policy of the Doi moi in Vietnam started in 1986, Hanoi has undergone many important changes. Currently, Hanoi's traffic is characterized by seemingly continuous motorcycle flows - a representative of high personal mobility in the context of rising incomes. Congestion, dust, pollution, insecurity, overload, etc., they are important keywords to describe Hanoi's urban traffic. Hanoi has put in place a number of policies to improve the transportation system. In 2017, in Hanoi's new mobility improvement project, there is a regulation on motorcycles: “The municipality will zone by limiting the activities of motorcycles according to the infrastructure and the service capacity of the public transportation system to stop motorcycle activities in the central districts in 2030” that becomes controversial. This article, based on the results of surveys assessing the level of satisfaction and desires of people about traffic at the KDTMs of Hanoi, analyzes the differences between the wishes of the municipality and the practices of Hanoi, through habits, modes of mobility of KDTM residents - the new residential areas of Hanoi that bring a different atmosphere of habitat compared to existing neighborhoods, by changing the mode of (re)making of the city. How will the traffic of KDTM residents be affected by this decision as well as how KDTMs will participate in the sustainable transportation of Hanoi?. It is the KDTMs with their “novelties” that will have to become pioneers creating opportunities of the changing of Hanoi traffic. Keywords: Hanoi; sustainable mobility; efficient transportation; motorcycle; KDTM (new residential area). Received 08 December 2018, Revised 30 January 2019, Accepted 30 January 2019

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION OF LITHUANIAN TOWNS AND DEFINITION OF THEIR FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE USED FOR URBAN PLANNING PURPOSES

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
Zigmas Jonas Daunora
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Ecological Requirements

Comprehensive planning of towns and townships takes a wider scale in the country. Therefore, there appears an urgent need to revise or review some conceptions of planning methodology that should be accepted after various alternatives consideration. According to our opinion: a) classification of centres of a settlement system (towns and townships) requires self-determination and equal understanding which, from one side, should reflect more precisely the existing diversity of development between the centres and their functions and, from the other side, the rank granted to these centres should meet the EU criteria; b) the functional structure of towns and townships, reflected by diversity in the purpose of their territory use and its indefinite character during the process of residential area modernization which takes place under market conditions, forces to give upa detailed setting of plot purpose and look for a more universal model of land- use purpose specification which could be applicable not only for planning of rural agricultural territories but for urban planning of residential areas as well. Proposals presented in the paper (Tables 1 and 2) respect the systematic conception of settlement network, accepted in Lithuania and in the other EU countries and based on the hierarchy of elements and development dependency allowing application of sustainability and balance principles for the system element development. They are prepared taking into account new urban planning conceptions and reflecting the following factors: changing business and production conditions as well as growing qualitative safety, service and ecological requirements for a residential environment; increasing importance of economic factors and resulting need for a more rational land use and broader urban internal integration when developing public transportation and urban system for a common space use; respect to stable urban structural elements of residential areas (urban framework) as well as to local cultural identity and historically formed compositional peculiarities; advantages of the functional and social diversity and polycentric character of urban structures.

scholarly journals A comparative study of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) at Yogyakarta Railway Station

2018 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Okkie Putriani ◽  
Ibnu Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
The Public ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Alternative Location ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
The Impact

Optimizing the public transport and synergizing the land use can reduce the impact of urban development by attracting the development around the transit station. This situation encourages the accessibility of public transportation by creating conditions between passenger expectations realted to the concept Transit Oriented Development (TOD) between land use, mobility, and environment. This study was conducted by TOD with the area located in the center of local wisdom by cultural city, Yogyakarta Railway Station. The purpose of this study is to provide an alternative location where bus stops or Trans Jogja shelters are more easily accessible by users of rail services and facilitate the model’s transfer. The method of this research is descriptive quantitative. It explains the trans it function, needs and condition of Trans Jogja as the existing public transport and the accessibility of the bus stops. The conclusion is the recommendation for the bus stop location can be relocate near the dropout East and South area of the Railway Station

Impact of Built Environment on Respiratory Health: An Empirical Study

Nano LIFE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 1840001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangyue Xu ◽  
Xiaojing Zhao ◽  
Lan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Impact

In many heavy industrialized countries such as China and India, the impact of air pollution on respiratory health has been headline news in recent years. Among the risk issues examined, exposure to particulate matter (PM) is cited as the prime contributing factor that causes respiratory diseases, yet it is traceable and controllable. In this paper, we report on an empirical study conducted in Shanghai, based on urban spatial determinants as independent variables to investigate its link to occurrence of lung cancer in their neighborhoods. A survey was conducted on a population of 472 lung cancer patients. After reliability and validity tests, only 156 pairs were included in this report. The questionnaire designed for this survey covers 11 outdoor and 6 indoor factors; these include the building density where they live, proximity to pollution sources, volume of traffic nearby, degree of enclosure by surrounding tall buildings, being residential or commercial with reference to their homes, proximity to parks, measured in terms of the plant type, green space per capita, accessibility to public open spaces for outdoor activities and water body; while parameters inside the house cover the age of the house, bedroom sizes, space per occupant, cooling-off time of taking up residency after renovation, humidity and dust inside the houses. Data collected were classified using random forest classification and further refined with Boruta algorithm for feature selection to identify possible correlation between risk of lung cancer to both outdoor and indoor factors of built environment. The results reveal a strong correlation between lung cancer and the environment where they live, so much so that the finding confirms our long-held belief that urban redevelopment could play an important role in reducing the risk of respiratory disease. Since prevention is better than cure, if by design to relocate pollution sources away from residential areas, provision of good public transportation to cut down vehicles on our streets, creation of green spaces to improve airflow pathway to deduce the concentration of PM in the atmosphere in our neighborhoods, we could perhaps reduce or even prevent lung cancer and a range of other respiratory diseases for the residents we served.

Reshaping the Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 2537 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Stephanie Pollack ◽  
Anna Gartsman ◽  
Timothy Reardon ◽  
Meghna Hari
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Massachusetts Bay ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Commuter Rail ◽  
In Transit ◽  
The Impact

The American Public Transportation Association's use of a “land use multiplier” as part of its methodology for calculating greenhouse gas reduction from transit has increased interest in methodologies that quantify the impact of transit systems on land use and vehicle miles traveled. Such transit leverage, however, is frequently evaluated for urbanized areas, although transit systems serve only a small proportion of those areas. If transit leverage is stronger in areas closer to transit stations, studies based on larger geographies may underestimate land use and travel behavior effects in transit-served areas. A geographic information system–based data set was developed to understand better the leverage effects associated with the mature and extensive Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority transit system in areas proximate to its stations throughout Metropolitan Boston. The region was divided into the subregion that was transit-proximate (within a half mile of a rapid transit station or key bus route), the portion that was commuter rail–proximate, and the remaining 93.3% of the region that was not proximate to high-frequency transit. Households in the transit-proximate subregion were significantly more likely to commute by transit (and walking or biking), less likely to own a car, and drove fewer miles than households in the non-transit-served areas of the region. Commuter rail–proximate areas, although denser than the region as a whole, exhibited more driving and car ownership than regional averages. Given these spatial and modal variations, future efforts to understand transit leverage should separately evaluate land use and travel effects by mode and proximity to transit stations.

scholarly journals Impact of rail system investments on estate taxes and evaluation of spatial change potential: example of Kazlicesme-Sogutlucesme Metro RouteRaylı sistem yatırımlarının emlak vergilerine etkisi ve mekânsal değişim potansiyellerinin değerlendirilmesi: Kazlıçeşme–Söğütlüçeşme Metro Hattı örneği

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 2029
Author(s):  
Gorkem Gulhan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Rail System

The rail system generates an increase in accessibility by reducing transport costs and travel times. It also has an economically positive return to urban areas for public transport investments. Such public transportation investments; it is important for the planning process to know the effects of changes in land use, income, employment, intensity and monetary values. In this study, for the "Kazlıçeşme - Söğütlüçeşme Subway Line (1st Stage)", taxable gains for the years 2022-2038 are explained and linear increase rates are found. Areas with potential for real estate investment and transformation around the stations were examined and the exchange potentials and land use possibilities of residential areas were investigated. According to the findings of the study, the increase in real estate tax will reach up to four times; at the same time it was determined that there would be an increase in land-use attraction in the recreation, commercial and residential etc. areas around 14 stations.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetRaylı sistem toplu taşıma yatırımlarının kentsel alanlara ekonomik açıdan pozitif getirileri olmakla birlikte, ulaşım maliyetlerinin ve seyahat zamanlarının azalmasını sağlayarak erişilebilirlik artışı oluşturmaktadır. Bu tür kamu ulaşım yatırımlarının; arazi kullanım, gelir, istihdam, yoğunluk ve parasal değerlerde meydana gelen değişimler açısından etkilerinin bilinmesi planlama süreci için önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, “Kazlıçeşme – Söğütlüçeşme Metro Hattı (1. Aşama)” için 2022-2038 yılları arası vergisel kazanımlar açıklanmış ve doğrusal artış oranları bulunmuştur. İstasyonların çevresindeki gayrimenkul yatırım ve dönüşüm potansiyeli bulunan alanlar incelenmiş ve konut alanlarının değişim potansiyelleri ile arazi kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır.Çalışma bulgularına göre emlak vergisinin 2019 yılından 2022 yılına kadar 4 kata yakın artış yaşayacağı ve 14 istasyon çevresindeki rekreasyon, ticaret ve konut alanlarında arazi kullanım çekiciliği artışı doğacağı devamla potansiyel konut alanı, ticaret alanı, kentsel rekreasyon alanları ve ulaşım yatırımları önerileri oluşturulabileceği tespit edilmiştir.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Algae Management Strategies on Anurans and Aquatic Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Dvorsky ◽  
Kambrie Riddle ◽  
Michelle Boone
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Pond Management ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Residential areas are increasing on the landscape but their ability to provide suitable habitat is often based on management for recreational use and aesthetics. Amphibians rely on both aquatic and terrestrial habitat making them susceptible to changes in land-cover and land-use. As anthropogenic land-use change increases, it is imperative to assess how pond management practices impact aquatic communities. We assessed the impact of Aquashade (a common non-toxic pond dye) and copper sulfate (a toxic algaecide) on American toad (Anaxyrus americanus), northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens), and Cope’s gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) metamorphosis in outdoor mesocosm experiments. We also evaluated the relative impact of tadpole grazing and chemical treatment on phytoplankton and periphyton abundance. We found no significant effects of pond management treatment on anuran metamorphosis, suggesting that addition of Aquashade and copper sulfate does not significantly impact anurans under these experimental conditions. However, while we found no differences in phytoplankton and periphyton abundance due to pond management treatment, presence of tadpoles significantly decreased phytoplankton and periphyton abundance over time. This result suggests that the creation of suitable pond habitat for anuran tadpoles may be an efficient and ecologically beneficial form of pond management treatment to maintain water quality.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Development of Sustainable Modes of Transportation in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2030-2042
Author(s):  
Mohammed Dahim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

All modes of transport can be seen to bring some influence to bear on a country’s economic growth, health, and environment. However, the impact differs among developing countries. This paper presents an assessment and evaluation of the development of a sustainable transportation system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). For this study, data were collected about the four transportation modes of sea, air, road and rail. The data were analyzed to determine the current condition, needs, challenges, and opportunities for improvement for each mode of transportation. Problems associated with each transportation mode were addressed and solutions to overcome these problems were recommended. The results indicate that while sea transportation provides the country with freight transport, it is of limited service to passengers in the Gulf region or on the Red Sea. Air transportation meets the needs of Saudi Arabia with international connections, but domestic flights provide limited passenger transport to the wealthy and are not an effective mode of transport for short distances. Road transport is the most popular mode for the general public but is associated with numerous problems such as the environment, health, noise, a high accident rate, and being the first cause of death in the country. Rail transportation seems to be the mode which is most sustainable for the future. It is essential that KSA meets public demand for public transportation with a reliable, cost effective, and safe public transportation system. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091776 Full Text: PDF

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