scholarly journals Potential Role of Ginseng in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 1019-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Zhi Wang ◽  
Chun-Su Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Colorectal cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancer and a leading cause of cancer related death in the US. Many currently used chemotherapeutic agents are derived from botanicals. Identifying herbal sources, including those from ginseng family, to develop better anti-cancer therapies remains an essential step in advancing the treatment of the cancer. In this article, potential roles of ginseng herbs, especially American ginseng and notoginseng, in colorectal cancer therapeutics are presented. The major pharmacologically active constituents of ginsengs are ginsenosides, which can be mainly classified as protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol groups. Structure-activity relationship between their chemical structures and pharmacological activities are discussed. In addition, various steaming temperature and time treatment of the ginseng herbs can change ginsenoside profiles, and enhance their anti-cancer activities. This heat treatment process may increase the role of ginseng in treating colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiuying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Resistance ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The World

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the world, and its incidence is rising in developing countries. Treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is known to improve survival in CRC patients. Most anti-cancer therapies trigger apoptosis induction to eliminate malignant cells. However, de-regulated apoptotic signaling allows cancer cells to escape this signaling, leading to therapeutic resistance. Treatment resistance is a major challenge in the development of effective therapies. The microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in CRC treatment resistance and CRC progression and apoptosis. This review discusses the role of miRNAs in contributing to the promotion or inhibition of apoptosis in CRC and the role of miRNAs in modulating treatment resistance in CRC cells.

The Link between Conventional and Novel Anti-Cancer Therapeutics with Thrombotic Microangiopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Elena Cervantes ◽  
Sam Kant ◽  
Mohamed Atta
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Background: Kidney disease associated with cancer and anti-cancer therapies has been increasingly recognized in the field of Onco-nephrology. In particular, drug-induced nephrotoxicity has necessary implications since most chemotherapeutic agents have nephrotoxic potential. Also, standard creatinine clearance methods used to measure kidney function have been questioned in cancer patients due to factors like low muscle mass and poor nutritional status. Overestimations of the glomerular filtration rate not only increase the nephrotoxic potential of different agents but also can further limit the use of first-line therapies. Objective: This review covers drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy explicitly. It has two pathophysiologic mechanisms, including immune or idiosyncratic reactions and non-immune or dose-dependent ones. Conclusion: As novel cancer therapies are developed, it is paramount to understand better conventional and novel chemotherapeutic agents and their role in kidney disease.

Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Anti-Cancer Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 482-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Kostadinova ◽  
Milena Mourdjeva
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Blocking Mechanisms

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are localized throughout the adult body as a small population in the stroma of the tissue concerned. In injury, tissue damage, or tumor formation, they are activated and leave their niche to migrate to the site of injury, where they release a plethora of growth factors, cytokines, and other bioactive molecules. With the accumulation of data about the interaction between MSCs and tumor cells, the dualistic role of MSCs remains unclear. However, a large number of studies have demonstrated the natural anti-tumor properties inherent in MSCs, so this is the basis for intensive research for new methods using MSCs as a tool to suppress cancer cell development. This review focuses specifically on advanced approaches in modifying MSCs to become a powerful, precision- targeted tool for killing cancer cells, but not normal healthy cells. Suppression of tumor growth by MSCs can be accomplished by inducing apoptosis or cell cycle arrest, suppressing tumor angiogenesis, or blocking mechanisms mediating metastasis. In addition, the chemosensitivity of cancer cells may be increased so that the dose of the chemotherapeutic agent used could be significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Update on the role of pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175628482110244
Author(s):  
Vanessa Wookey ◽  
Axel Grothey
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Multiple Treatment

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer type in both men and women in the USA. Most patients with CRC are diagnosed as local or regional disease. However, the survival rate for those diagnosed with metastatic disease remains disappointing, despite multiple treatment options. Cancer therapies for patients with unresectable or metastatic CRC are increasingly being driven by particular biomarkers. The development of various immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized cancer therapy over the last decade by harnessing the immune system in the treatment of cancer, and the role of immunotherapy continues to expand and evolve. Pembrolizumab is an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 immune checkpoint inhibitor and has become an essential part of the standard of care in the treatment regimens for multiple cancer types. This paper reviews the increasing evidence supporting and defining the role of pembrolizumab in the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic CRC.

Innovatory role of nanomaterials as bio-tools for treatment of cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuram Shahzad Ahmad ◽  
Muntaha Talat ◽  
Shaan Bibi Jaffri ◽  
Neelofer Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cancerous Cells

AbstractConventional treatment modes like chemotherapy, thermal and radiations aimed at cancerous cells eradication are marked by destruction pointing the employment of nanomaterials as sustainable and auspicious materials for saving human lives. Cancer has been deemed as the second leading cause of death on a global scale. Nanomaterials employment in cancer treatment is based on the utilization of their inherent physicochemical characteristics in addition to their modification for using as nano-carriers and nano-vehicles eluted with anti-cancer drugs. Current work has reviewed the significant role of different types of nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics in a systematic way. Compilation of review has been done by analyzing voluminous investigations employing ERIC, MEDLINE, NHS Evidence and Web of Science databases. Search engines used were Google scholar, Jstore and PubMed. Current review is suggestive of the remarkable performance of nanomaterials making them candidates for cancer treatment for substitution of destructive treatment modes through investigation of their physicochemical characteristics, utilization outputs and long term impacts in patients.

Breast Cancer Therapeutics Based on Fusarochromanone and EGFR Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Carroll ◽  
Alena Smith ◽  
Brian A. Salvatore ◽  
Elahe Mahdavian
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Egfr Inhibitors ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Racemic Form ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Agent ◽  
Cancer Activity

Abstract Background: Fusarochromanone (FC101) is a small molecule with potent anti-cancer activity. It was originally derived from the fungal plant pathogen, Fusarium equiseti, and it has also been synthesized in non-racemic form in our lab. Numerous studies reveal the promising biological activity of FC101, including potent anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer activity. While FC101 is potent as a single drug treatment across many cancer cell lines, current cancer therapies often incorporate a combination of drugs in order to increase efficacy and decrease the development of drug resistance. In this study, we leverage drug combinations and cellular phenotypic screens to address important questions about FC101’s mode of action and its potential synergies as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).Method: We hypothesized that FC101’s activity against TNBC is similar to the known mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, because FC101 reduces the phosphorylation of two key mTOR substrates, S6K and S6. Since everolimus synergistically enhances the anti-cancer activities of known EGFR inhibitors (erlotinib or lapatinib) in TNBC, we performed analogous studies with FC101. Phenotypic cellular assays helped assess whether FC101 (in both single and combination treatments) acts similarly to everolimus.Results: FC101 outperformed all other single treatments in both cell proliferation and viability assays. Unlike everolimus, however, FC101 brought about a sustained decrease in cell viability in drug washout studies. None of the other drugs were able to maintain comparable effects upon removal of the treatment agents. Although we observed slightly additive effects when the TNBC cells were treated with FC101 and either EGFR inhibitor, those effects were not truly synergistic in the manner displayed with everolimus. Conclusion: Our results rule out direct inhibition of mTOR by FC101 and suggest that FC101 acts through a different mechanism than everolimus. This lays the foundation for the refinement of our hypothesis in order to better understand FC101’s mode of action as a novel anti-cancer agent.

The Complex Cancer Care Coverage Environment — What is the Role of Legislation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Leopold ◽  
Rebecca L. Haffajee ◽  
Christine Y. Lu ◽  
Anita K. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Care ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Anti Cancer

Over the past decades, anti-cancer treatments have evolved rapidly from cytotoxic chemotherapies to targeted therapies including oral targeted medications and injectable immunooncology and cell therapies. New anti-cancer medications come to markets at increasingly high prices, and health insurance coverage is crucial for patient access to these therapies. State laws are intended to facilitate insurance coverage of anti-cancer therapies.Using Massachusetts as a case study, we identified five current cancer coverage state laws and interviewed experts on their perceptions of the relevance of the laws and how well they meet the current needs of cancer care given rapid changes in therapies. Interviewees emphasized that cancer therapies, as compared to many other therapeutic areas, are unique because insurance legislation targets their coverage. They identified the oral chemotherapy parity law as contributing to increasing treatment costs in commercial insurance. For commercial insurers, coverage mandates combined with the realities of new cancer medications — including high prices and often limited evidence of efficacy at approval — compound a difficult situation. Respondents recommended policy approaches to address this challenging coverage environment, including the implementation of closed formularies, the use of cost-effectiveness studies to guide coverage decisions, and the application of value-based pricing concepts. Given the evolution of cancer therapeutics, it may be time to evaluate the benefits and challenges of cancer coverage mandates.

Multiscale homogenization for fluid and drug transport in vascularized malignant tissues

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 79-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Penta ◽  
D. Ambrosi ◽  
A. Quarteroni
Keyword(s):  
Drug Transport ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Diffusion Reaction ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Multiscale Expansion ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Intercapillary Distance ◽  
Multiscale Homogenization

A system of differential equations for coupled fluid and drug transport in vascularized (malignant) tissues is derived by a multiscale expansion. We start from mass and momentum balance equations, stated in the physical domain, geometrically characterized by the intercapillary distance (the microscale). The Kedem–Katchalsky equations are used to account for blood and drug exchange across the capillary walls. The multiscale technique (homogenization) is used to formulate continuum equations describing the coupling of fluid and drug transport on the tumor length scale (the macroscale), under the assumption of local periodicity; macroscale variations of the microstructure account for spatial heterogeneities of the angiogenic capillary network. A double porous medium model for the fluid dynamics in the tumor is obtained, where the drug dynamics is represented by a double advection–diffusion–reaction model. The homogenized equations are straightforward to approximate, as the role of the vascular geometry is recovered at an average level by solving standard cell differential problems. Fluid and drug fluxes now read as effective mass sources in the macroscale model, which upscale the interplay between blood and drug dynamics on the tissue scale. We aim to provide a theoretical setting for a better understanding of the design of effective anti-cancer therapies.

The role of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase in determining response to chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal cancer cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Allen ◽  
Estelle G. McLean ◽  
John Boyer ◽  
Andrea McCulla ◽  
Peter M. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells

The role of microvesicles in cancer progression and drug resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samireh Jorfi ◽  
Jameel M. Inal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Intercellular Transport ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Mdr Multidrug Resistance

Microvesicles are shed constitutively, or upon activation, from both normal and malignant cells. The process is dependent on an increase in cytosolic Ca2+, which activates different enzymes, resulting in depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton and release of the vesicles. Drug resistance can be defined as the ability of cancer cells to survive exposure to a wide range of anti-cancer drugs, and anti-tumour chemotherapeutic treatments are often impaired by innate or acquired MDR (multidrug resistance). Microvesicles released upon chemotherapeutic agents prevent the drugs from reaching their targets and also mediate intercellular transport of MDR proteins.

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