Efficacy Comparison of Korean Ginseng and American Ginseng on Body Temperature and Metabolic Parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 173-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Young Park ◽  
Mi-Hwi Kim ◽  
Eung-Hwi Kim ◽  
Eun-Kyu Lee ◽  
In-Sun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Korean Ginseng

Ginseng has beneficial effects in cancer, diabetes and aging. There are two main varieties of ginseng: Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) and Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng). There are anecdotal reports that American ginseng helps reduce body temperature, whereas Korean ginseng improves blood circulation and increases body temperature; however, their respective effects on body temperature and metabolic parameters have not been studied. We investigated body temperature and metabolic parameters in mice using a metabolic cage. After administering ginseng extracts acutely (single dose of 1000 mg/kg) or chronically (200 mg/kg/day for four weeks), core body temperature, food intake, oxygen consumption and activity were measured, as well as serum levels of pyrogen-related factors and mRNA expression of metabolic genes. Acute treatment with American ginseng reduced body temperature compared with PBS-treated mice during the night; however, there was no significant effect of ginseng treatment on body temperature after four weeks of treatment. VO 2, VCO 2, food intake, activity and energy expenditure were unchanged after both acute and chronic ginseng treatment compared with PBS treatment. In acutely treated mice, serum thyroxin levels were reduced by red and American ginseng, and the serum prostaglandin E2 level was reduced by American ginseng. In chronically treated mice, red and white ginseng reduced thyroxin levels. We conclude that Korean ginseng does not stimulate metabolism in mice, whereas a high dose of American ginseng may reduce night-time body temperature and pyrogen-related factors.

Evidence that brief stress may induce the acute phase response in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (6) ◽  
pp. R1998-R2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence Deak ◽  
Jennifer L. Meriwether ◽  
Monika Fleshner ◽  
Robert L. Spencer ◽  
Amer Abouhamze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin ◽  
Core Body

Exposing rats to a single session of inescapable tail shock (IS) reduces corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) 24 h later (Fleshner et al., Endocrinology 136: 5336–5342, 1995). The present experiments examined whether reductions in CBG are differentially affected by controllable vs. identical uncontrollable tail shock, are mediated by IS-induced glucocorticoid elevation, or reflect IS-induced activation of the acute phase response and whether IS produces fever. The results demonstrate that 1) equivalent reductions in CBG are observed in response to escapable tail shock or yoked IS, 2) IS-induced CBG reduction is not blocked by adrenalectomy in rats that receive basal corticosteroid replacement or by pretreatment with RU-38486, and 3) IS appears to activate the acute phase response, since IS reduces serum levels of an acute-phase negative reactant (CBG), increases serum levels of acute-phase positive reactants (haptoglobin and α1-acid glycoprotein), and increases core body temperature 20–24 h later.

scholarly journals Trapped in the darkness of the night: thermal and energetic constraints of daylight flight in bats

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1716) ◽  
pp. 2311-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian C. Voigt ◽  
Daniel Lewanzik
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Flight Costs ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
The Hours

Bats are one of the most successful mammalian groups, even though their foraging activities are restricted to the hours of twilight and night-time. Some studies suggested that bats became nocturnal because of overheating when flying in daylight. This is because—in contrast to feathered wings of birds—dark and naked wing membranes of bats efficiently absorb short-wave solar radiation. We hypothesized that bats face elevated flight costs during daylight flights, since we expected them to alter wing-beat kinematics to reduce heat load by solar radiation. To test this assumption, we measured metabolic rate and body temperature during short flights in the tropical short-tailed fruit bat Carollia perspicillata at night and during the day. Core body temperature of flying bats differed by no more than 2°C between night and daytime flights, whereas mass-specific CO 2 production rates were higher by 15 per cent during daytime. We conclude that increased flight costs only render diurnal bat flights profitable when the relative energy gain during daytime is high and risk of predation is low. Ancestral bats possibly have evolved dark-skinned wing membranes to reduce nocturnal predation, but a low degree of reflectance of wing membranes made them also prone to overheating and elevated energy costs during daylight flights. In consequence, bats may have become trapped in the darkness of the night once dark-skinned wing membranes had evolved.

scholarly journals Contribution of a Membrane Estrogen Receptor to the Estrogenic Regulation of Body Temperature and Energy Homeostasis

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (10) ◽  
pp. 4926-4937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy A. Roepke ◽  
Martha A. Bosch ◽  
Elizabeth A. Rick ◽  
Benjamin Lee ◽  
Edward J. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Fat Accumulation

The hypothalamus is a key region of the central nervous system involved in the control of homeostasis, including energy and core body temperature (Tc). 17β-Estradiol (E2) regulates Tc, in part, via actions in the basal hypothalamus and preoptic area. E2 primarily controls hypothalamic functions via the nuclear steroid receptors, estrogen receptor α/β. However, we have previously described an E2-responsive, Gq-coupled membrane receptor that reduces the postsynaptic inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic tone and attenuates postovariectomy body weight gain in female guinea pigs through the administration of a selective Gq-mER ligand, STX. To determine the role of Gq-mER in regulating Tc, energy and bone homeostasis, ovariectomized female guinea pigs, implanted ip with temperature probes, were treated with STX or E2 for 7–8 wk. Tc was recorded for 4 wk, whereas food intake and body weight were monitored daily. Bone density and fat accumulation were determined postmortem. Both E2 and STX significantly reduced Tc in the females compared with controls. STX, similar to E2, reduced food intake and fat accumulation and increased tibial bone density. Therefore, a Gq-mER-coupled signaling pathway appears to be involved in maintaining homeostatic functions and may constitute a novel therapeutic target for treatment of hypoestrogenic symptoms.

Physiology of transgenic mice with brown fat ablation: obesity is due to lowered body temperature

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. R287-R293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Klaus ◽  
Heike Münzberg ◽  
Christiane Trüloff ◽  
Gerhard Heldmaier
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Food Assimilation

We investigated the physiological basis for development of obesity in uncoupling protein-diphtheria toxin A chain (UCP-DTA) transgenic mice. In these mice the promoter of the brown adipose tissue (BAT)-specific UCP was used to drive expression of DTA, resulting in decreased BAT function and development of obesity and insulin resistance (Lowell, B. B., S. V. Susulic, A. Hamann, J. A. Lawitts, J. Himms-Hagen, B. B. Boyer, L. Kozak, and J. S. Flier. Nature 366: 740–742, 1994). In adult UCP-DTA mice, we measured food intake and food assimilation, locomotor activity, metabolic rate, and body temperature in comparison to control animals. No differences could be observed in food intake or assimilation and locomotor activity. Weight-specific metabolic rates at temperatures between 20 and 37°C, however, were consistently lower in transgenic mice. Continuous telemetric recording of core body temperature showed that transgenic mice displayed a downshift in body temperature levels of ∼0.9°C. In summary, we provide evidence that attenuated body temperature levels alone can be responsible for development of obesity and that BAT thermogenesis is a major determinant of body temperature levels in rodents.

scholarly journals Food Intake and Core Body Temperature of Pups and Adults in a db Mouse Line Deficient in the Long Form of the Leptin Receptor without Misty Mutation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijang Pralampita Pulong ◽  
Miharu Ushikai ◽  
Emi Arimura ◽  
Masaharu Abe ◽  
Hiroaki Kawaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mouse Line ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Core Body

Different involvement of leptin signaling in food intake (FI) and body temperature (BT) in pups and adults has been suggested. However, the leptin receptor (Lepr) long-form-deficient (db) mouse line has not been fully examined in pups. In the most available db mouse line, wild-type (WT) mice have a mutation in the dedicator of cytokinesis 7 gene, named misty, which was recently revealed to be involved in neuronal development. Therefore, we established a line of db mice without the misty mutation using natural mating. Adult (8 weeks of age) homozygous db/db mice displayed significantly higher core body weight (BW) and FI and significantly lower core BT than WT mice. However, postnatal (2 weeks of age) db/db mice displayed similar BW and milk intake and significantly lower core BT than WT mice. Correspondingly, adult and postnatal db/db mice exhibited altered mRNA levels of hypothalamic orexigenic and anorexigenic peptide in adults but not in pups. Additionally, db/db mice displayed significantly lower mRNA levels of brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 at both ages. In conclusion, the db mouse line without the misty mutation clearly showed the different involvements of the Lepr long form in FI and BT in pups and adults.

scholarly journals PGC-1β-expressing POMC neurons mediate the effect of leptin on thermoregulation in the mouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Delezie ◽  
Jonathan F. Gill ◽  
Gesa Santos ◽  
Bettina Karrer-Cardel ◽  
Christoph Handschin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Brown Adipose

Abstract The arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus is a key regulator of food intake, brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, and locomotor activity. Whole-body deficiency of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) disrupts mouse circadian locomotor activity and BAT-regulated thermogenesis, in association with altered gene expression at the central level. We examined whether PGC-1β expression in the ARC is required for proper energy balance and locomotor behavior by generating mice lacking the PGC-1β gene specifically in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. POMC neuron-specific deletion of PGC-1β did not impact locomotor behavior, food intake, body composition, energy fuel utilization and metabolic rate in fed, 24-h fasted and 24-h refed conditions. In contrast, in the fed state, deletion of PGC-1β in POMC cells elevated core body temperature during the nighttime period. Importantly, this higher body temperature is not associated with changes in BAT function and gene expression. Conversely, we provide evidence that mice lacking PGC-1β in POMC neurons are more sensitive to the effect of leptin on heat dissipation. Our data indicate that PGC-1β-expressing POMC neurons are part of a circuit controlling body temperature homeostasis and that PGC-1β function in these neurons is involved in the thermoregulatory effect of leptin.

scholarly journals Risperidone alters food intake, core body temperature, and locomotor activity in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark B. Cope ◽  
Xingsheng Li ◽  
Patricia Jumbo-Lucioni ◽  
Catherine A. DiCostanzo ◽  
Wendi G. Jamison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Core Body

scholarly journals Novel Monitoring of the Core Body Temperature and Predictors of Hypothermia in Patients Undergoing Lung Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-qing Liu ◽  
Li Lai ◽  
Hong-fei Ren ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Yu-wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Lung Cancer Surgery ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Intelligent Monitoring ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Core Body

Abstract Objectives: Our study aimed to explore the feasibility and effect of noninvasive and wireless intelligent monitoring of core body temperature in surgical patients, and to evaluate the effect of intraoperative hypothermia on rapid recovery index of the patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. Methods: From January 2020 to June 2020, a wireless temperature sensor was pasted onto the nonoperative side of the axilla preoperatively to monitor axillary temperatures to help estimate core temperature in lung cancer patients. The intraoperative body temperature changes and related factors were collected and analyzed. Independent associations between hypothermia exposure and the duration of hospitalization and direct medical costs were evaluated. Our research was carried out and report according to the STROBE guideline.Results: In total, 206 consecutive patients who underwent lung cancer surgery were recruited, and the incidence of hypothermia was 83.01%. The median proportion of patients experiencing hypothermia was 62.65%, with the largest decrease in temperature recorded as 1.034±0.569°C. The patients’ lowest body temperature was calculated as follows: (Y) = 35.423 - 0.003 × surgical duration + 0.045 × BMI - 0.012 × age, R2=0.182. Patients with hypothermia had longer hospital stays and higher medical costs (t=2.201, P=0.029 and t=5.048, P<0.001, respectively).Conclusions: Hypothermia contributes to extended hospital stays and increased medical costs for patients. The use of noninvasive and wireless intelligent monitoring throughout an operation and adoption of heat preservation measures are expected to prevent and reduce hypothermia and promote rapid patient recovery.

Anorectic actions of prolactin-releasing peptide are mediated by corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (1) ◽  
pp. R101-R107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine B. Lawrence ◽  
Yong-Ling Liu ◽  
Michael J. Stock ◽  
Simon M. Luckman
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Melanocortin Receptor ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Injection ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Prolactin Releasing Peptide ◽  
Crh Receptors

Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) reduces food intake and body weight and modifies body temperature when administered centrally in rats, suggesting a role in energy homeostasis. However, the mediators of PrRP's actions are unknown. The present study, therefore, first examined the possible involvement of the anorectic neuropeptides corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and the melanocortins (e.g., α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) in PrRP's effects on food intake and core body temperature and, second, determined if PrRP affects energy expenditure by measuring oxygen consumption (V̇o2). Intracerebroventricular injection of PrRP (4 nmol) to 24-h-fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats decreased food intake and modified body temperature. Blockade of central CRH receptors by intracerebroventricular coadministration of the CRH receptor antagonist astressin (20 μg) reversed the PrRP-induced reduction in feeding. However, astressin's effect on PrRP-induced changes in body temperature was complicated because the antagonist itself caused a slight rise in body temperature. In contrast, intracerebroventricular coadministration of the melanocortin receptor-3/4 antagonist SHU-9119 (0.1 nmol) had no effect on any of PrRP's actions. Finally, intracerebroventricular injection of PrRP (4 nmol) caused a significantly greater V̇o2 over a 3-h test period compared with vehicle-treated rats. These results show that the anorectic actions of PrRP are mediated by central CRH receptors but not by melanocortin receptors-3/4 and that PrRP can modify V̇o2.

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