THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF ANTI-DUMPING AND ANTI-SUBSIDY POLICIES AMONG CHINA, THE U.S. AND THE EU: THE PHOTOVOLTAIC INDUSTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (03) ◽  
pp. 513-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUA WANG ◽  
JUE WANG ◽  
ZHONGXIAN FENG
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Eu

Since the end of 2011, the U.S., the European Union (EU) and China have been searching for a trade remedy regarding each other’s photovoltaic (PV) industry. Based on the perspective of the value chain of Global Solar Energy PV industry, this paper examines related factors including the tax rate imposed on the PV industry, and uses the global simulation model (GSIM) to predict the trade impact and welfare effects generated from the “double-anti” policy (anti-dumping laws with countervailing duties). The results of the research showed that China has not yet formed a complete value chain of the PV industry that is internationally competitive. The economic effect of the “double-anti” policy on China as a result of the EU is more pronounced than that with the U.S. The “double-anti” policy will have a negative impact on China’s low carbon economy development. The authors conclude that the development of polycrystalline silicon in China needs to be supported by forcible policy measures and targeted measures are proposed.

scholarly journals The “New” Environmental Policy Of The European Union: A Path To Development Of A Circular Economy And Mitigation Of The Negative Effects Of Climate Change

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Wysokińska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Economy ◽  
The Eu

This paper analyses the evolution of the new environmental policy of the European Union in the context of the efforts undertaken to moderate the negative effects of climate change. It describes all the activities in the European Union designed to implement new tools of the EU environmental policy, such as low carbon economy technologies, tools that improve the efficiency of managing the limited natural resources, the environmentally friendly transport package, etc. All of them are aimed at laying the foundations of the circular economy, which may also be referred to as a closed-loop economy, i.e., an economy that does not generate excessive waste and whereby any waste becomes a resource.

The EU Emissions Trading System in Crisis-Ridden Greece: Climate under Neoliberalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 048661342091054
Author(s):  
Andriana Vlachou ◽  
Georgios Pantelias
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Distributional Effects ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Environmental Effectiveness ◽  
Emissions Trading System ◽  
The Eu

Neoliberal capitalism has extended the use of markets to address climate and energy issues. Carbon trading characteristically exemplifies the neoliberalization of climate policy. This paper discusses the workings of the European Union’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) in the European Union (EU) with a focus on its application in crisis-ridden Greece. Beyond environmental effectiveness and distributional effects, the paper explores the interactions of the EU ETS with crisis, austerity programs, energy poverty, and uneven development. Despite adjustments and changes, the EU ETS continues to indicate limited environmental effectiveness and unjust distributional effects. Moreover, by forging a centralized neoliberal transition to a low-carbon economy without consideration of the issues faced by unevenly developed and crisis-stricken EU members such as Greece, the EU ETS leads to additional disturbances and problems for the Greek economy as a whole, its pauperized working people, and its energy and climate options to reduce emissions on its own potential, needs, and priorities.

scholarly journals Dow Jones Sustainability Indices, Do They Make a Difference? The U.S. and the European Union Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6785
Author(s):  
Bryan Schmutz ◽  
Minoo Tehrani ◽  
Lawrence Fulton ◽  
Andreas W. Rathgeber
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Market Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Csr Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Sustainability Indices

Sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies of companies delineate the health and the welfare of the communities across the globe. The two major goals of this study are (1) To explore the relationship between the environmental regulations, market value, and adoption of sustainability and CSR strategies of the publicly traded firms listed on the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI) and (2) To examine the impact of being added to or deleted from DJSI per different market sectors for the firms in the U.S. and the European Union (EU). The selected starting window, the year 2015, for studying the impact of addition to or deletion from the DJS indices was the Paris Accord proposal by the EU and strict sustainability regulations of the EU versus the U.S. We used event study methodology and regression analyses to explain the cumulative abnormal returns utilizing firms’ characteristics and specific market sectors. In addition, the other focus of the study was on heavy (polluting) industries and investigating if the addition to or deletion of the firms in these industries from the sustainability indices had an impact on the market value. The findings of this study reveal no impact of the environmental rules and regulations on adopting sustainability and CSR strategies by either the EU or the U.S. firms. The novel findings of this study indicate a significant negative impact on the market value of firms in heavy industries, Energy, Basic Materials, and Utilities when added to the DJS indices. The study discusses the underlying reasons for these differences and proposes strategies to enhance the impact of addition to or deletion from the DISI to increase firms’ commitments to sustainability and CSR strategies and altering the attitudes of the investors.

scholarly journals Enviromental Protection and Sustainable Development in the European Union: Evolution, Governance and Implications for Competitiveness

2012 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Annette Bongardt ◽  
Francisco Torres
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Eu Governance ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Carbon Economy ◽  
The Eu

This article considers how the EU governance set-up envolved with respect to environmental protection and sustainable development. It aims at evaluating the EU´s progress towards creating  the basis for a competitive, low-carbon, European economy (a kind of EU industrial strategy) and sustainable production and consumption patterns. The article concludes that environmental and energie policies have become increasingly Europeanized and come under the single market and competitiveness rationale. It puts forward that the shift to a low-carbon economy is associated with important economic benefits, whereas economic costs appear overrated. However, shortcomings in EU governance sit uneasily with a more coherent approach to sustainable development.

scholarly journals GREEN ECONOMY CONSTRUCTION AS THE MAIN COMPONENT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Diana Garlytska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Economy ◽  
The Eu

Introduction.The Association Agreement with the EU requires the Ukrainian financial and economic system to adapt to European standards in production and readiness for the future perspective of integration into the European market of emissions trading. Green economy construction in Ukraine and compliance with requirements of the Association Agreement determine the possibility of eurointegration of our state. Purpose. The aim of the article is to justify the need to build a green (low carbon) economy as an important prerequisite for the successful integration of Ukraine into the European Union. Method (methodology). The dialectical method of cognition, the fundamental aspects of the concept of sustainable development have become the methodological basis of the study. Results.The necessity of building a green (low carbon) economy as an important precondition for the successful integration of Ukraine into the European Union has been substantiated. The essense of the concepts of the green economy, green growth and sustainable development have been disclosed. The measures for cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the field of environmental protection in the context of European integration have been determined.

Political aspects of security of the European Union Member States

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kusztykiewicz-Fedurek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Political Security ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Eu

Political security is very often considered through the prism of individual states. In the scholar literature in-depth analyses of this kind of security are rarely encountered in the context of international entities that these countries integrate. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to key aspects of political security in the European Union (EU) Member States. The EU as a supranational organisation, gathering Member States first, ensures the stability of the EU as a whole, and secondly, it ensures that Member States respect common values and principles. Additionally, the EU institutions focus on ensuring the proper functioning of the Eurozone (also called officially “euro area” in EU regulations). Actions that may have a negative impact on the level of the EU’s political security include the boycott of establishing new institutions conducive to the peaceful coexistence and development of states. These threats seem to have a significant impact on the situation in the EU in the face of the proposed (and not accepted by Member States not belonging to the Eurogroup) Eurozone reforms concerning, inter alia, appointment of the Minister of Economy and Finance and the creation of a new institution - the European Monetary Fund.

The Development of Slovenia in the European Union: Social Aspects

2017 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Iryna Butyrska
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Regime Stability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

The author proves that the successful stability of independent Slovenia contributed to a number of factors, existing since its being incorporated in the SFRY. The factor, uniting the state has become the common goal – the aspiration to join the EU. The process of the European integration contributed to the modernization of a number of spheres, in particular social, cultural and economic ones. The global financial and economic crisis has revealed the turmoil in the economy of the state and its leadership was forced to gradually reduce a significant part of social privileges for the population. This caused the tension in the society and reduced the level of the national unity, having a negative impact on people’s wellbeing. However, since 2014, the Prime Minister M. Cherar has been trying to restore people’s trust in the state. The situation is getting better; indicators of trust in government are increasing, which also points to state capacity and political regime stability in Slovenia. Keywords: Slovenia, state stability, social sphere, government

scholarly journals Analysis on the economic effect of Sino-US trade friction from the perspective of added value

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Zhu ◽  
Hang Zheng ◽  
Zhu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Imbalance ◽  
Trade Friction ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Wang Wei

AbstractBased on the theory of trade added value, this paper discusses the potential actual trade scale and benefit damage degree of the two countries under the background of big country game by measuring the real trade scale of China and the USA, simulating the economic impact of tariffs imposed by China and the USA and utilizing Wang–Wei–Zhu (WWZ) method to decompose the potential changes in Sino-US trade. The results show that: firstly, the size of China-US trade in terms of total value is significantly overestimated and China's overall trade with the USA in 2001–2014 was overestimated by an average of 3.06 percent, of which goods trade was overestimated by 8.06 percent. Secondly, although tariff increases can reduce the degree of trade imbalance between China and the USA to some extent, the adverse effects are mutual and global, and the European Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Japan and Canada become the main transfer countries of Sino-US trade. Thirdly, the pattern of China's final exports and the US' intermediate exports determines that China's trade interests are more damaged than those of the USA. It is proved that there is a big gap between China and the USA in the depth and breadth of China's participation in the value chain division of labor and the trade scale measured by Gross Domestic Product is more instructive than the total value.

scholarly journals Competency Gaps of Employees in the Construction Sector in Terms of the Requirements of a Low-Carbon Economy. Polish and Czech Case

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7868
Author(s):  
Honorata Howaniec ◽  
Łukasz Krzysztof Wróblewski ◽  
Hana Štverková
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Carbon Economy

Environmental policy obliges modern society to transition to a low-carbon economy. After entering to life, the Paris Agreement obligated the signatories to prepare the first nationally determined contributions (NDCs). The NDCs aim first to reduce greenhouse gas emission targets under the UNFCCC and they apply equally to both developed and developing countries. Countries voluntarily indicate what actions will be taken to achieve the declared goals. The construction sector is an industry that is under scrutiny due to its negative impact on the environment, but it also has the potential to reduce it. Activities that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions can be carried out at various levels in the construction industry. One of them is the appropriate preparation of the staff, including equipping them with the so-called green skills. This research aimed to determine the competency gaps of people employed in the construction industry, including competencies in the field of low-emission economy. For the purposes of the study, a questionnaire survey was carried out in Poland and the Czech Republic and based on the results obtained the appropriate competencies were determined that should be possessed by people employed in the construction sector, including competencies related to a low-emission economy. Competency profiles for people employed in the construction sector were built and competency gaps of these people were determined. In both countries, no competencies have been identified in any of checked areas that meet or exceed the requirements of managers according to specific competency profiles.

scholarly journals World trade and regional trade orientation in the context of forthcoming transatlantic trade and investment partnership

Equilibrium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Czarny ◽  
Paweł Folfas
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Eu

We analyse potential consequences of the forthcoming Trade and Investment Partnership between the European Union and the United States (TTIP) for trade orientation of both partners. We do it so with along with the short analysis of the characteristics of the third wave of regionalism and the TTIP position in this process as well as the dominant role of the EU and the U.S. in the world economy – especially – in the world trade. Next, we study trade orientation of the hypothetical region created in result of TTIP. We use regional trade introversion index (RTII) to analyze trade between the EU and the U.S. that has taken place until now to get familiar with the potential changes caused by liberalization of trade between both partners. We analyze RTII for mutual trade of the EU and the U.S. Then, we apply disaggregated data to analyze and compare selected partial RTII (e.g. for trade in final and intermediate goods as well as goods produced in the main sectors of economy like agriculture or manufacturing). The analysis of the TTIP region’s orientation of trade based on the historical data from the period 1999-2012 revealed several conclusions. Nowadays, the trade between the EU and the U.S. is constrained by the protection applied by both partners. Trade liberalization constituting one necessary part of TTIP will surely help to intensify this trade. The factor of special concern is trade of agricultural products which is most constrained and will hardly be fully liberalized even within a framework of TTIP. Simultaneously, both parties are even now trading relatively intensively with intermediaries, which are often less protected than the average of the economy for the sake of development of final goods’ production. The manufactured goods are traded relatively often as well, mainly in consequence of their poor protection after many successful liberalization steps in the framework of GATT/WTO. Consequently, we point out that in many respects the TTIP will be important not only for its participants, but for the whole world economy as well. TTIP appears to be an economic and political project with serious consequences for the world economy and politics.

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