scholarly journals PSEUDO-CUNTZ ALGEBRA AND RECURSIVE FP GHOST SYSTEM IN STRING THEORY

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 607-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
MITSUO ABE ◽  
KATSUNORI KAWAMURA
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Zero Mode ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vector Spaces ◽  
Permutation Representation ◽  
Cuntz Algebra ◽  
Indefinite Metric ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fermion System ◽  
Dimensional Representation

Representation of the algebra of FP (anti)ghosts in string theory is studied by generalizing the recursive fermion system in the Cuntz algebra constructed previously. For that purpose, the pseudo-Cuntz algebra, which is a *-algebra generalizing the Cuntz algebra and acting on indefinite-metric vector spaces, is introduced. The algebra of FP (anti)ghosts in string theory is embedded into the pseudo-Cuntz algebra recursively in two different ways. Restricting a certain permutation representation of the pseudo-Cuntz algebra, representations of these two recursive FP ghost systems are obtained. With respect to the zero-mode operators of FP (anti)ghosts, it is shown that one corresponds to the four-dimensional representation found recently by one of the present authors (M. Abe) and Nakanishi, while the other corresponds to the two-dimensional one by Kato and Ogawa.

CHIRAL ZEROMODES ON VORTEX-TYPE INTERSECTING FIVE-BRANE IN HETEROTIC STRING

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
MASAYA YATA
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Equation ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Heterotic String ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Complete Spectrum ◽  
Heterotic String Theory ◽  
Brane Solution ◽  
Opposite Chirality

We solve the gaugino Dirac equation on a smeared intersecting five-brane solution in E8 × E8 heterotic string theory to search for localized chiral zeromodes on the intersection. The background is chosen to depend on the full two-dimensional overall transverse coordinates to the branes. Under some appropriate boundary conditions, we compute the complete spectrum of zeromodes to find that, among infinite towers of Fourier modes, there exist only three localized normalizable zeromodes, one of which has opposite chirality to the other two.

scholarly journals ‘Eye-Like Radiance’: The Depiction of Gemstones in Roman Wall Painting

Arts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Ruth Allen
Keyword(s):  
Wall Painting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Roman Art ◽  
Roman Wall Painting ◽  
The One ◽  
Precious Stones

The study of ornament in Greek and Roman art has been the focus of increasing scholarly interest over the last decade, with many publications shedding new light on the dynamics of ornatus in antiquity, and the discourses that shaped and situated it. Through an analysis of the depiction of gemstones in Roman wall painting, this article demonstrates the importance of ornamental details both to the mechanics of two-dimensional representation and to the interpretation of the images they adorned. I argue that by evoking the material qualities and sensual pleasures of real precious stones, painted gems served on the one hand to enhance the illusory reality of wall painting, and on the other to extol the delights of luxury and refinement—that is, of ornamentation itself.

scholarly journals CHIRAL ZERO MODES ON VORTEX-TYPE INTERSECTING HETEROTIC FIVE-BRANES

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1250072 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAYA YATA
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Equation ◽  
Zero Mode ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Complete Spectrum ◽  
Type Solution ◽  
Heterotic String Theory ◽  
Zero Modes ◽  
Brane Solution ◽  
Opposite Chirality

We solve the gaugino Dirac equation on a smeared intersecting five-brane solution in E8×E8 heterotic string theory to search for localized chiral zero modes on the intersection. The background is chosen to depend on the full two-dimensional overall transverse coordinates to the branes. Under some appropriate boundary conditions, we compute the complete spectrum of zero modes to find that, among infinite towers of Fourier modes, there exist only three localized normalizable zero modes, one of which has opposite chirality to the other two. This agrees with the result previously obtained in the domain-wall type solution, supporting the claim that there exists one net chiral zero mode localized on the heterotic five-brane system.

Emotion and Tension

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Temperley
Keyword(s):  
Moderate Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Aesthetic Enjoyment ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Musical Emotion

Following much other research on musical emotion, this chapter assumes a two-dimensional representation, with one dimension representing valence (positive/negative) and the other representing energy/activity. It is argued that the valence dimension in rock is conveyed primarily by the location of a song’s scale (relative to the tonic) on the “line of fifths”; this captures the well-known major/minor contrast but also allows finer distinctions. The energy dimension is conveyed by a variety of musical parameters including loudness, register, tempo, rhythmic density, and timbral brightness. The chapter also posits a third dimension, complexity, which is taken to be represented experientially by tension; increased tension is caused by unexpected events and by an increase in event density. It has been hypothesized that a moderate level of complexity is optimal for aesthetic enjoyment; this may in part account for the appeal of certain rhythmic patterns, a phenomenon known as “groove.”

scholarly journals CONSTRUCTION OF AN IDENTICALLY NILPOTENT BRS CHARGE IN THE KATO–OGAWA STRING THEORY

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (09) ◽  
pp. 1357-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
MITSUO ABE ◽  
NOBORU NAKANISHI
Keyword(s):  
Field Equation ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Bosonic Strings ◽  
Open String ◽  
Indefinite Metric ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Conformal Gauge ◽  
Wightman Functions ◽  
Artificial Introduction

In previous work, the conformal-gauge two-dimensional quantum gravity in the BRS formalism has been solved completely in terms of Wightman functions. In the present paper, this result is extended to the closed and open bosonic strings of finite length; the open-string case is nothing but the Kato–Ogawa string theory. The field-equation anomaly found previously, which means a slight violation of a field equation at the level of Wightman functions, remains existent in the finite-string cases. By using this fact, a BRS charge nilpotent even for D≠26 is explicitly constructed in the framework of the Kato–Ogawa string theory. The FP-ghost vacuum structure of the Kato–Ogawa theory is made more transparent; the appearance of half-integral ghost numbers and the artificial introduction of an indefinite metric are avoided.

CLASSIFICATION OF TYPES OF SOCIETAL CONFLICTS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THEIR RESOLUTION PROCESSES BASED ON DEONTIC LOGIC

2002 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 213-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
OSAMU KATAI ◽  
KENTARO TODA ◽  
HIROSHI KAWAKAMI
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Deontic Logic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Normative Concepts ◽  
Resolution Processes ◽  
Type Classification

Focusing on the interaction among members' attitudes toward issues of common concern and members' expectance toward other members' attitudes, type classification of societal conflicts and their degree of strength are clarified. For the purpose, a vigorous theoretical framework for the examination of interrelationships among various normative concepts such as obligation, permission, prohibition, etc. is introduced, on the basis of the general theory on norms, deontic logic. By presuming several plausible laws on the way of the resolution of these conflicts and by introducing a two-dimensional representation of the conflicts with one axis representing the degree of imbalance and the other axis representing the cohesiveness of systems, a characterization method of conflict resolution processes is obtained, through which prediction and analysis of actual resolution processes can be done.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Two Forms of the Chaperonin GRO EL

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
J.L. Carrascosa ◽  
G. Abella ◽  
S. Marco ◽  
M. Muyal ◽  
J.M. Carazo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Series Method ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Morphogenetic Factors ◽  
Tilt Series

Chaperonins are a class of proteins characterized by their role as morphogenetic factors. They trantsiently interact with the structural components of certain biological aggregates (viruses, enzymes etc), promoting their correct folding, assembly and, eventually transport. The groEL factor from E. coli is a conspicuous member of the chaperonins, as it promotes the assembly and morphogenesis of bacterial oligomers and/viral structures.We have studied groEL-like factors from two different bacteria:E. coli and B.subtilis. These factors share common morphological features , showing two different views: one is 6-fold, while the other shows 7 morphological units. There is also a correlation between the presence of a dominant 6-fold view and the fact of both bacteria been grown at low temperature (32°C), while the 7-fold is the main view at higher temperatures (42°C). As the two-dimensional projections of groEL were difficult to interprete, we studied their three-dimensional reconstruction by the random conical tilt series method from negatively stained particles.

Polymer-Graphene Nanoassemblies and their Applications in Cancer Theranostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1340-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnurengam M. Sivakumar ◽  
Matin Islami ◽  
Ali Zarrabi ◽  
Arezoo Khosravi ◽  
Shohreh Peimanfard
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Cancer Theranostics

Background and objective: Graphene-based nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique physical-chemical properties including two-dimensional planar structure, large surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, superconductivity and good biocompatibility. On the other hand, graphene-based nanomaterials have been explored as theranostics agents, the combination of therapeutics and diagnostics. In recent years, grafting hydrophilic polymer moieties have been introduced as an efficient approach to improve the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials and obtain new nanoassemblies for cancer therapy. Methods and results: This review would illustrate biodistribution, cellular uptake and toxicity of polymergraphene nanoassemblies and summarize part of successes achieved in cancer treatment using such nanoassemblies. Conclusion: The observations showed successful targeting functionality of the polymer-GO conjugations and demonstrated a reduction of the side effects of anti-cancer drugs for normal tissues.

scholarly journals Singular BPS boundary conditions in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (2, 2) supersymmetric gauge theories

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Okazaki ◽  
Douglas J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Holomorphic Curve ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Supersymmetric Gauge Theories ◽  
Special Lagrangian ◽  
Supersymmetric Gauge ◽  
M Theory

Abstract We derive general BPS boundary conditions in two-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = (2, 2) supersymmetric gauge theories. We analyze the solutions of these boundary conditions, and in particular those that allow the bulk fields to have poles at the boundary. We also present the brane configurations for the half- and quarter-BPS boundary conditions of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = (2, 2) supersymmetric gauge theories in terms of branes in Type IIA string theory. We find that both A-type and B-type brane configurations are lifted to M-theory as a system of M2-branes ending on an M5-brane wrapped on a product of a holomorphic curve in ℂ2 with a special Lagrangian 3-cycle in ℂ3.

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