scholarly journals Electromagnetic properties of neutrinos from scattering on bound electrons in atom

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150182
Author(s):  
Junu Jeong ◽  
Jihn E. Kim ◽  
Sungwoo Youn
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Nucleus ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Solar Neutrinos ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Transition Magnetic Moment ◽  
Kinematic Behavior ◽  
Atomic Electrons ◽  
Bound Electrons

In this paper, we consider the effects of bound atomic electrons scattered by solar neutrinos due to the electromagnetic properties of neutrinos. This necessitates considering the recoil of atomic nucleus, which should be considered in the momentum conservation, but the effect to the energy conservation is negligible. This effect changes the kinematic behavior of the scattered electron compared to that scattered on free electrons. We apply this effect to the recent XENON1T data, but the bounds obtained from this are not very restrictive. We obtained the bounds: the (transition) magnetic moment [Formula: see text] (times the electron Bohr magneton) and the charge radius [Formula: see text] cm. For a nonvanishing millicharge [Formula: see text], the allowed bound is shown in the [Formula: see text] plane.

scholarly journals Electronic stopping of protons in xenon plasmas due to free and bound electrons

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel D. Barriga-Carrasco ◽  
David Casas
Keyword(s):  
Oscillator Strength ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Plasma Target ◽  
Strength Functions ◽  
Bound Electrons

AbstractIn this work, proton stopping due to free and bound electrons in a plasma target is analyzed. The stopping of free electrons is calculated using the dielectric formalism, well described in previous literature. In the case of bound electrons, Hartree-Fock methods and oscillator strength functions are used. Differences between both stopping, due to free and bound electrons, are shown in noble gases. Then, enhanced plasma stopping can be easily estimated from target ionization. Finally, we compare our calculations with an experiment in xenon plasmas finding a close agreement.

scholarly journals Multiply ionized carbon plasmas with index of refraction greater than one

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. FILEVICH ◽  
J. GRAVA ◽  
M. PURVIS ◽  
M.C. MARCONI ◽  
J.J. ROCCA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Interferometry ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Capillary Discharge ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computer Calculations ◽  
Approximation Analysis ◽  
Bound Electrons

For decades the analysis of interferometry have relied on the approximation that the index of refraction in plasmas is due solely to the free electrons. This general assumption makes the index of refraction always less than one. However, recent soft x-ray laser interferometry experiments with Aluminum plasmas at wavelengths of 14.7 nm and 13.9 nm have shown fringes that bend the opposite direction than would be expected when using that approximation. Analysis of the data demonstrated that this effect is due to bound electrons that contribute significantly to the index of refraction of multiply ionized plasmas, and that this should be encountered in other plasmas at different wavelengths. Recent studies of Silver and Tin plasmas using a 46.9 nm probe beam generated by a Ne-like Ar capillary discharge soft-ray laser identified plasmas with an index of refraction greater than one, as was predicted by computer calculations. In this paper we present new interferometric results obtained with Carbon plasmas at 46.9 nm probe wavelength that clearly show plasma regions with an index of refraction greater than one. Computations suggest that in this case the phenomenon is due to the dominant contribution of bound electrons from doubly ionized carbon ions to the index of refraction. The results reaffirm that bound electrons can strongly influence the index of refraction of numerous plasmas over a broad range of soft x-ray wavelengths.

Luminescence from evaporated films of CdS

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (23) ◽  
pp. 2591-2595 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Conradi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Luminescence Spectra ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Simultaneous Emission ◽  
Electron Beam Excitation ◽  
Bound Electrons ◽  
Concentration Of Electrons ◽  
Beam Excitation

Luminescence spectra from evaporated films of CdS are obtained under pulsed electron beam excitation. The transitions giving rise to the luminescence are identified as resulting from the recombination of bound electrons with bound holes and the simultaneous emission of n LO phonons (n = 0, 1, 2, … ), and the recombination of free electrons with bound holes. The addition of a 2000 Å thick coating of SiOx on top of the CdS is shown to produce a degenerate surface concentration of electrons which shifts the peak position of the free–bound transition to higher energies.

scholarly journals Unambiguously Resolving the Potential Neutrino Magnetic Moment Signal at Large Liquid Scintillator Detectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 111401
Author(s):  
Ziping Ye ◽  
Feiyang Zhang ◽  
Donglian Xu ◽  
Jianglai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Liquid Scintillator ◽  
Solar Neutrinos ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Neutrino Magnetic Moment ◽  
Solar Axion ◽  
Moment Interaction ◽  
Scintillator Detectors

Non-vanishing electromagnetic properties of neutrinos have been predicted by many theories beyond the Standard Model, and an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment can have profound implications for fundamental physics. The XENON1T experiment recently detected an excess of electron recoil events in the 1–7 keV energy range, which can be compatible with solar neutrino magnetic moment interaction at a most probable value of μν = 2.1 × 10−11 μ B. However, tritium backgrounds or solar axion interaction in this energy window are equally plausible causes. Upcoming multi-tonne noble liquid detectors will test these scenarios more in depth, but will continue to face similar ambiguity. We report a unique capability of future large liquid scintillator detectors to help resolve the potential neutrino magnetic moment scenario. With O(100) kton⋅year exposure of liquid scintillator to solar neutrinos, a sensitivity of μν < 10−11 μ B can be reached at an energy threshold greater than 40 keV, where no tritium or solar axion events but only neutrino magnetic moment signal is still present.

scholarly journals Stopping power of a heterogeneous warm dense matter

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Casas ◽  
A.A. Andreev ◽  
M. Schnürer ◽  
M.D. Barriga-Carrasco ◽  
R. Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Kind ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Warm Dense Matter ◽  
Excitation Energies ◽  
Plasma Density Profile ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Bound Electrons

AbstractThe stopping power of warm dense matter (WDM) is estimated by means of the individual contributions of free electrons and bound electrons existing in this special kind of matter, located between classical and degenerate plasmas. For free electrons, the dielectric formalism, well described in our studies, is used to estimate the free electron stopping power. For bound electrons, the mean excitation energy of ions is used. Excitation energies are obtained through atomic calculations of the whole atom or, shell by shell in order to estimate their stopping power. Influence of temperature and density is analyzed in case of an impinging projectile. This influence becomes important for low projectile velocities and is negligible for high ones. Using free and bound electron analysis, the stopping power of an extended WDM is inferred from a dynamical calculation of energy transferred from the projectile to the plasma, where the stopping range is calculated. Finally, this theoretical framework is used to study a typical plasma density profile of a WDM heated by lasers.

scholarly journals A mathematical model for DNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1750152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Sepehri
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dna Molecule ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals ◽  
M Theory ◽  
Bound Electrons ◽  
Damaged Dna

Recently, some authors have shown that a DNA molecule produces electromagnetic signals and communicates with other DNA molecules or other molecules. In fact, a DNA acts like a receiver or transmitter of radio waves. In this paper, we suggest a mathematical model for the DNA molecule and use of its communication to cure some diseases like cancer. In this model, first, by using concepts from string theory and M-theory, we calculate the energy of a DNA in terms of interactions between free electrons and bound electrons. We show that when a DNA is damaged, its energy changes and an extra current is produced. This extra current causes the electromagnetic signals of a damaged DNA molecule to be different when compared to the electromagnetic signals of a normal DNA molecule. The electromagnetic signals of a damaged DNA molecule induce an extra current in a normal DNA molecule and lead to its destruction. By sending crafted electromagnetic signals to normal DNA molecules and inducing an opposite current with respect to this extra current, we can prevent the destruction of normal DNA. Finally, we argue that the type of packing of DNA in chromosomes of men and women is different. This causes radiated waves from DNAs of men and women to have opposite signs and cancel the effect of each other in a pair. Using this property, we suggest another mechanism to cancel the effect of extra waves, which are produced by DNAs in cancer cells of a male or a female, by extra waves which are produced by DNAs in similar cells of a female or a male and prevent the progression of the disease.

The diamagnetism of quasi-bound conduction electrons

1953 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Partition Function ◽  
Power Series ◽  
Density Matrix ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Exact Expression ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Conduction Electrons ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Bound Electrons

The diamagnetism of the conduction electrons gives rise to some of the most difficult problems in the theory of metals, the complete solution of which has not yet been found. Formally, the problem is equivalent to determining the density matrixand the exact expression for ψ(r′, r, γ) for perfectly free electrons in a constant magnetic field H has recently been found by Sondheimer and Wilson(2). The extension of the theory to deal with quasi-bound electrons for all values of H seems to be out of the question, but an approximate partition function was given by Peierls (1), excluding terms of higher order than H2. In The theory of metals ((3), referred to as T.M.) I gave a more powerful and simpler method of dealing with the problem, based upon the properties of ψ(r′, r, γ), but since the solution was obtained as a power series in μ0Hγ, where it could at best determine only the normal diamagnetism.

Complex Permittivity and Permeability Spectra of Nickel/Polyphenylene Sulfide Composite in Radio Frequency Range

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 1757-1763
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Fan ◽  
Run Hua Fan ◽  
Zhong Yang Wang ◽  
Pei Tao Xie ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Conduction Mechanism ◽  
Plasma Oscillation ◽  
Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Double Negative ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Negative Materials

Due to the distinct electromagnetic properties, double negative materials have bright application prospect in many areas in the future. The nickel (Ni)/polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composites were prepared by hot pressing Ni and PPS powders mixture. Microstructures, dielectric properties, and magnetic performances of the resulted composites were studied in detail. Once Ni contents exceeded the percolation threshold, the conductive networks would form and the conduction mechanism would change from hopping conduction to metal-like conduction. Due to the plasma oscillation of the free electrons within the conductive networks, negative permittivity appeared. Interestingly, circuit loops in the connected Ni particles induced by external electric field resulted in a diamagnetic phenomenon under high frequency for the composite with ferromagnetic Ni particles.

Development of the new method of positronium generation. Abilities and future trends

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1313-1319
Author(s):  
V Antropov ◽  
A Ivanov ◽  
Yu. Korotaev ◽  
T Mamedov ◽  
I Meshkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Lamb Shift ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Cpt Violation ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Presently the positron ring dedicated to positronium generation and called the Low Energy Positron Toroidal Accumulator (LEPTA) is under construction at JINR (Dubna). The main application of this ring is the generation of a monoenergetic and directed flux of positronium atoms and its use in experiments. Positronium is generated in interactions of positrons, circulating inside a storage ring accumulator, with free electrons of the cooling electron beam that have velocities very close to the positron velocities. This allows us to obtain a high positronium flux with small angular and velocity spreads of the atoms and provides a significant advantage for the proposed arrangement of experiments, so-called positronium-in-flight setups, as compared with traditional approaches in which positronium was generated in targets. In particular, the precision in measuring positronium parameters (lifetime, the probability of decays with momentum conservation, charge invariant violation (CPT violation), fine structure of the positronium spectrum, and Lamb-shift measurements) can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. Moreover, some experiments that are unrealistic within traditional schemes become feasible with the proposed facility. PACS No.: 36.10Dr

scholarly journals The Faraday effect in ferromagnetics

1932 ◽  
Vol 135 (826) ◽  
pp. 237-257 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Faraday Effect ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Closed Shell ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Unit Distance ◽  
Rough Model ◽  
Absorption Of Light ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Bound Electrons ◽  
London Model

1. Introduction .—If plane polarised light be transmitted through a medium under the influence of a magnetic field parallel to the direction of propagation, the plane of polarisation is in general rotated. This circumstance is known as the Faraday effect, after its discoverer. For light of a given wave-length, the magnitude of the rotation per unit distance is found to be proportional to the magnetisation. The direction of rotation varies with different substances, being termed diamagnetic, or positive, if in the direction of the current producing the field, and paramagnetic, or negative, if in the opposite sense. The sign of the effect does not depend upon whether the substance is dia- or paramagnetic; negative diamagnetics are, however, infrequent. Thin films of ferromagnetics exhibit an enormous negative rotation, proportional to the magnetisation, and in the following we shall attempt to explain the origin of this by using a very simple model for the substance. We shall consider a single crystal of the metal, and, following Heisenberg, we shall choose the Heitler-London model, where each electron is considered as being attached to an atom, as a first approximation. The interaction of the electrons gives rise to the well-known exchange forces. In a ferromagnetic these exchange forces are of vital importance, and it is therefore necessary to consider states and transitions of the crystal as a whole. Further, it is well known that in a ferromagnetic the average orbital angular momentum is zero. In view of this fact, and in the interest of simplicity, we shall consider a model where each atom possesses one electron in an s -state, outside a closed shell. This, of course, does not correspond to the facts, but any other model would be very much more difficult to handle. Having chosen a model with bound electrons, we shall have no conduction (without including polar states), and shall therefore not have the typical metallic absorption of light, such as is associated with “free” electrons. With the extremely rough model used, it is obvious that we can only expect to obtain the order of magnitude of the rotation, and some idea of its variation with the intensity of magnetisation.

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