PERIODIC INHIBITION OF LIVING PACEMAKER NEURONS (II): INFLUENCES OF DRIVER RATES AND TRANSIENTS AND OF NONDRIVEN POSTSYNAPTIC RATES

1991 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 873-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. SEGUNDO ◽  
E. ALTSHULER ◽  
M. STIBER ◽  
A. GARFINKEL
Keyword(s):  
Point Processes ◽  
Formal Modeling ◽  
Synaptic Inhibition ◽  
Sensitivity To Change ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Pacemaker Neurons ◽  
First Order ◽  
Spectral Components ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Behavior

This paper discusses synaptic inhibition of one pacemaker neuron by another, using data from living synapses. Spike discharges were assimilated to point processes. Inhibitory rate scale and behavior form. (i) Forms (p:q locked and others) with similar prevalent spectral components assembled monotonically with p:q. Between different lockings, intermittent, messy and other intermittent forms staggered characteristically; hoppings were interspersed. (ii) Locked, intermittent and messy forms occupied about 1/3 each of the rate scale. Individually, the 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 locked domains were the widest, and seemed continuous; individual intermittent and messy domains were very narrow. Step-like inhibitory transients induced abrupt postsynaptic changes opposing them, which over- or under-shot and slowly returned in either orderly or complicated (chaotic?) ways to steady states. Input-output relations around inhibitory trains resembled those of first-order lead-lag systems distorted by asymmetric sensitivity to change and saturation. Postsynaptic natural discharges separated into "slow" less variable, and "fast" more variable categories with somewhat different inhibited behaviors. Formal modeling is introduced by summarizing comparable models, the data-assumption discrepancies, and reasonable conjectures as to eventual models.

Influence of Confucian culture on entrepreneurial decision making using data from China's floating population

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ran Xiong ◽  
Ping Wei
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Confucian Culture ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Decision ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Confucian culture has had a deep-rooted influence on Chinese thinking and behavior for more than 2,000 years. With a manually created Confucian culture database and the 2017 China floating population survey, we used empirical analysis to test the relationship between Confucian culture and individual entrepreneurial choice using data obtained from China's floating population. After using the presence and number of Confucian schools and temples, and of chaste women as instrumental variables to counteract problems of endogeneity, we found that Confucian culture had a significant role in promoting individuals' entrepreneurial decision making among China's floating population. The results showed that, compared with those from areas of China not strongly influenced by Confucian culture, individuals from areas that are strongly influenced by Confucian culture were more likely to choose entrepreneurship as their occupation choice. Our findings reveal cultural factors that affect individual entrepreneurial behavior, and also illustrate the positive role of Confucianism as a representative of the typical cultures of the Chinese nation in the 21st century.

scholarly journals Testing Common Knowledge: Are Northern Europeans and Millennials More Concerned about the Environment?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Cristina Gómez-Román ◽  
Maria Luisa Lima ◽  
Gloria Seoane ◽  
Mónica Alzate ◽  
Marcos Dono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
North And South

This study explores whether there are differences in several environmental dimensions, when the European Region and Generation cohort are considered. In doing so, this study compares millennials in North and South Europe with members of Generation X in three environmental dimensions: attitudes, personal norms, and behavior. Using data from the European Social Survey (n = 6.216), the researchers tested the hypothesis that Northern Europeans and millennials have more pro-environmental standing than southerners and Generation Xers. The findings challenge the common belief that millennials are more committed to being environmentally conscious, showing that many millennials do not feel responsible for their climate footprint, nor do they behave in a way that shows more concern than previous generations to improve their environmental performance. Furthermore, contrary to expectations, Northern European participants are not the most committed, in all environmental dimensions, compared to Southern Europeans.

A stochastic process whose successive intervals between events form a first order Markov chain — I

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 648-668
Author(s):  
D. G. Lampard
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Point Processes ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
First Order ◽  
Stochastic Point Process ◽  
Order Markov Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
Stochastic Point Processes

In this paper we discuss a counter system whose output is a stochastic point process such that the time intervals between pairs of successive events form a first order Markov chain. Such processes may be regarded as next, in order of complexity, in a hierarchy of stochastic point processes, to “renewal” processes, which latter have been studied extensively. The main virtue of the particular system which is studied here is that virtually all its important statistical properties can be obtained in closed form and that it is physically realizable as an electronic device. As such it forms the basis for a laboratory generator whose output may be used for experimental work involving processes of this kind. Such statistical properties as the one and two-dimensional probability densities for the time intervals are considered in both the stationary and nonstationary state and also discussed are corresponding properties of the successive numbers arising in the stores of the counter system. In particular it is shown that the degree of coupling between successive time intervals may be adjusted in practice without altering the one dimensional probability density for the interval lengths. It is pointed out that operation of the counter system may also be regarded as a problem in queueing theory involving one server alternately serving two queues. A generalization of the counter system, whose inputs are normally a pair of statistically independent Poisson processes, to the case where one of the inputs is a renewal process is considered and leads to some interesting functional equations.

The digital divide in individual e-commerce utilization in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhan Zhu ◽  
Juan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
First Order ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Residency Status ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration

Using data from a national survey with 1,288 respondents, this study investigates the socio-demographic determinants of the first-order digital divide (access to the Internet) and the second-order digital divide (e-commerce use) in China. The survey employed spatial probability sampling technology so it would encompass migrants as well as registered residents. Multiple logistic regressions were applied to model the associations between access to the Internet/e-commerce use and demographic characteristics, socio-economic attributes, and migration and residency status. The results demonstrate the significant effects of rural-urban inequality and socio-economic divisions in Internet access. Age, gender, education, and residency were identified as significant predictors for individual e-commerce use. The findings provide helpful information for enterprises wishing to broaden their business horizons. The research can also be used in designing effective policies to reduce China’s digital inequality.

First-order autoregressive gamma sequences and point processes

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Gaver ◽  
P. A. W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Point Processes ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Sums Of Random Variables ◽  
First Order ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Serial Correlations ◽  
Generating Sequences ◽  
Stieltjes Transforms

It is shown that there is an innovation process {∊n} such that the sequence of random variables {Xn} generated by the linear, additive first-order autoregressive scheme Xn = pXn-1 + ∊n are marginally distributed as gamma (λ, k) variables if 0 ≦p ≦ 1. This first-order autoregressive gamma sequence is useful for modelling a wide range of observed phenomena. Properties of sums of random variables from this process are studied, as well as Laplace-Stieltjes transforms of adjacent variables and joint moments of variables with different separations. The process is not time-reversible and has a zero-defect which makes parameter estimation straightforward. Other positive-valued variables generated by the first-order autoregressive scheme are studied, as well as extensions of the scheme for generating sequences with given marginal distributions and negative serial correlations.

First-order autoregressive gamma sequences and point processes

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 727-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Gaver ◽  
P. A. W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Point Processes ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Sums Of Random Variables ◽  
First Order ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Serial Correlations ◽  
Generating Sequences ◽  
Stieltjes Transforms

It is shown that there is an innovation process {∊ n } such that the sequence of random variables {X n } generated by the linear, additive first-order autoregressive scheme X n = pXn-1 + ∊ n are marginally distributed as gamma (λ, k) variables if 0 ≦p ≦ 1. This first-order autoregressive gamma sequence is useful for modelling a wide range of observed phenomena. Properties of sums of random variables from this process are studied, as well as Laplace-Stieltjes transforms of adjacent variables and joint moments of variables with different separations. The process is not time-reversible and has a zero-defect which makes parameter estimation straightforward. Other positive-valued variables generated by the first-order autoregressive scheme are studied, as well as extensions of the scheme for generating sequences with given marginal distributions and negative serial correlations.

scholarly journals Methodology for Measuring Output, Value Added, and Employment Impacts of State Highway and Bridge Construction Projects

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Babcock ◽  
John C. Leatherman
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Input Output ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Highway Planning ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Departments Of Transportation ◽  
Employment Impacts

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to measure some of the economic impacts of state highway programs. State departments of transportation (DOTs) need such a methodology for a variety of reasons, including long-term highway planning as well as advising state policymakers concerning the economic impacts of highway programs. The specific objectives of this study are: (1) describe a procedure to measure the output, value added, and employment impacts of specific types of highway and bridge improvement, and (2) illustrate an application of the model using data from Kansas. The objectives of the research are accomplished with input-output modeling. An 11-step procedure is described for adjusting the Kansas IMPLAN input-output model so that it is capable of measuring economic impacts for specific types of highway and bridge improvement. The model is illustrated using data from a recently completed study of the Kansas Comprehensive Transportation Program (CTP), which included expenditure of $5.24 billion on state highway system projects. Data from this study are used to demonstrate the calculation of output, value added, and employment impacts for five different highway and bridge improvement categories.

PROBLEMS OF CREATING A LIVING STANDARDS MODEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Abdujabbor Abidov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Formal Modeling ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Using Data

This article is devoted to the development of a model for determining the standard of living of the population. The problems of using data warehouses, communication models of e-government that form the basis of digital platforms, big data, issues of the digital economy, the choice of data structures, methods of formal modeling of relationships are also considered.As a result, a model was developed using the poverty criteria set out in the Poverty Measurement Toolkit when determining the international poverty line.

Institutional Research Using Data Mining

2011 ◽  
pp. 66-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanta-Nicoleta Bodea ◽  
Vasile Bodea ◽  
Radu Mogos
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Virtual Learning Environment ◽  
Student Activities ◽  
Participatory Behavior ◽  
Student Profiles ◽  
Clustering And Classification ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Behavior

The aim of this chapter is to explore the application of data mining for analyzing academic performance in connection with the participatory behavior of the students enrolled in an online two-year Master degree program in project management. The main data sources were the operational database with the students’ records and the log files and statistics provided by the e-learning platform. One hundred eighty-one enrolled students, and more than 150 distinct characteristics/ variables per student were used. Due to the large number of variables, an exploratory data analysis through data mining was chosen, and a model-based discovery approach was designed and executed in Weka environment. The association rules, clustering, and classification were applied in order to identify the factors explaining the students’ performance and the relationship between academic performance and behavior in the virtual learning environment. Data mining has revealed interesting patterns in data. These patterns indicate that academic performance is related to the intensity of the student activities in virtual environment. If the student understands how to work and she/he is motivated to communicate with others, then he might have a good academic performance. Based on clustering analysis, different student profiles were discovered, explaining the academic performance. The results are very encouraging and suggest several future developments.

PERIODIC INHIBITION OF LIVING PACEMAKER NEURONS (I): LOCKED, INTERMITTENT, MESSY, AND HOPPING BEHAVIORS

1991 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 549-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. SEGUNDO ◽  
E. ALTSHULER ◽  
M. STIBER ◽  
A. GARFINKEL
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Point Process ◽  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Nonlinear Oscillator ◽  
Strange Attractors ◽  
Synaptic Inhibition ◽  
Pacemaker Neurons ◽  
Pacemaker Neuron ◽  
Exhaustive List

This communication is concerned with an embodiment of periodic nonlinear oscillator driving, the synaptic inhibition of one spike-producing pacemaker neuron by another. Data came from a prototypical living synapse. Analyses centered on a prolonged condition between the transients following the onset and cessation of inhibition. Evaluations were guided by point process mathematics and nonlinear dynamics. A rich and exhaustive list of discharge forms, described precisely and canonically, was observed across different inhibitory rates. Previously unrecognized at synapses, most forms were identified with several well known types from nonlinear dynamics. Ordered by decreasing regularities, they were locked, intermittent (including walk-throughs), messy (including erratic and stammerings) and hopping. Each is discussed within physiological and formal contexts. It is conjectured that (i) locked, intermittent and messy forms reflect limit cycles on 2-tori, quasiperiodic orbits and strange attractors, (ii) noise in neurons hovering around threshold contributes to certain intermittent and stammering behaviors, and (iii) hopping either reflects an attractor with several portions or is nonstationary and noise-induced.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document