PROBLEMS OF CREATING A LIVING STANDARDS MODEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Abdujabbor Abidov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Formal Modeling ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Using Data

This article is devoted to the development of a model for determining the standard of living of the population. The problems of using data warehouses, communication models of e-government that form the basis of digital platforms, big data, issues of the digital economy, the choice of data structures, methods of formal modeling of relationships are also considered.As a result, a model was developed using the poverty criteria set out in the Poverty Measurement Toolkit when determining the international poverty line.

scholarly journals Assessing Refugee Poverty Using Capabilities Versus Commodities: The Case of Afghans in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Naseh ◽  
Miriam Potocky ◽  
Shanna L. Burke ◽  
Paul H. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Using Data

This study is among the first to calculate poverty among one of the world’s largest refugee populations, Afghans in Iran. More importantly, it is one of the first to use capability and monetary approaches to provide a comprehensive perspective on Afghan refugees’ poverty. We estimated poverty using data collected from a sample of 2,034 refugee households in 2011 in Iran. We utilized basic needs poverty lines and the World Bank’s absolute international poverty line for our monetary poverty analyses and the global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for our capability analyses of poverty. Findings show that nearly half of the Afghan households were income-poor, approximately two percent of the households had less than USD 1.25 per person per day, and about 28% of the surveyed households were multidimensionally deprived. Results suggest that 60% of the income-poor households were not deprived from minimal education, health, and standards of living based on the MPI criteria, and about 32% of the multidimensionally deprived households were not income-poor. These findings call for more attention to poverty measurement methods, specifically for social workers and policy makers in the field, to gain a more realistic understanding about refugees’ wellbeing.

Estimates on poverty in Russia and the additional measures to reduce it at the regional level

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Sadykov
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Social Standard ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sociological Studies

Subject. This article deals with the issues of social justice and a high quality of life, creating favorable economic and social conditions. Objectives. The article aims to assess the rate and changes in poverty in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan and develop complementary measures to reduce it. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical, comparative, economic and statistical analyses, the results of sociological studies, and official statistics. Results. The article highlights additional measures to reduce poverty in the region, including the establishment of a minimum social standard of living in each particular region that determines the poverty rate. Conclusions. Various factors, such as economic sanctions, economic slowdowns, territorial and regional imbalances, lead to living standards decline and poverty rise.

MODEL UNTUK MENILAI KESIAPAN PEMDA “DKI JAKARTA” DALAM PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH BERBASIS DUNIA USAHA

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puguh Suharso
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Achievement Level ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The People ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Level Of Effort ◽  
Research Analysis

Globalisation era is surely passed on and to lead the people of the world into social interactive one another and also economical competitiveness. How far is DKI Jakarta Government preparing to be up against the global competitiveness in the frame-work to manifest improving the standard of living like advanced of society. There are some of indicators to be used as well as criterion to measure an achievement level of effort to be advanced of society, i.e infrastructure which needed by entrepreneur like : permission, taxation, laboract, traffic road, customs and harbor, publics infrastructure servicing, landuse, security condition, business financial access, and business environment condition. It was the research analysis be done by using data gathering from entrepreneur opinion at the operational area. The aim of research analysis is to measure how level of each indicator value has DKI Jakarta Government prepared to be up against the global competitiveness ? The research conclusion says that : DKI Jakarta Government has well enough prepared to be up against the global competitiveness. The weakness indicator is just taxation because its category included in bad (goodless) while the other indicators are well enough. The measuring parameters due to weakness taxationare time necessity for servicing to arrange tax, amount and various of region retribution, amount and various of region tax, and clarity of tax arrangement prucedure.

AGRICULTURAL WORKERS’ STANDARD OF LIVING DURING CENTRAL CHILE'S AGRARIAN EXPANSION, CF. 1870-1930

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Claudio Robles-Ortiz ◽  
Ignacio González-Correa ◽  
Nora Reyes Campos ◽  
Uziel González Aliaga
Keyword(s):  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Urban Workers ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Agricultural Labourers

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to determine trends in the wages and living standards of male agricultural labourers in Central Chile during the agrarian expansion, c. 1870-1930. We found that nominal wages increased eightfold; this is relevant because wage labour became the main rural labour regime in this period. Nominal wages rose steadily from the early 1870s until 1910, and with significant fluctuations thereafter, before plummeting with the Great Depression. Real wages also increased, but only slightly. Furthermore, during certain short periods, agricultural labourers' real wages were similar to or higher than those of low-skilled urban workers. However, the persistent gap between agricultural and non-agricultural wages was one of the causal factors of the outmigration of rural workers.

Super platforms, big data, and competition law: the Japanese approach in contrast with the USA and EU

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Takigawa
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Competition Law Enforcement ◽  
Essential Facility ◽  
Share Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Data Portability ◽  
Efficiency Effects

ABSTRACT This article examines antitrust issues concerning digital platforms equipped with big data. Recent initiatives by the Japanese competition agency are highlighted, comparing them with those by the USA and EU competition authorities. First examined is whether competition among platforms would result in a select few super platforms with market power, concluding that AI with machine learning has augmented the power of super platforms with strong AI-capability, leading to increased importance of merger control over acquisitions by platforms. Next scrutinized is the argument for utility-regulation to be imposed on super platforms, concluding that wide support is limited to data portability, leaving competition law as the key tool for addressing super platforms, its core tool being the provision against exclusionary conduct, enforcement of which, initially, concerns whether to order super platforms to render their data accessible to their rivals. Passive refusal-to-share data needs to be scrutinized under the essential facility doctrine. Beyond passive refusal, platforms’ exclusionary conduct requires competition agencies to weigh the conduct’s exclusionary effects against its efficiency effects. Finally addressed is exploitative abuse, explaining its relation to consumer protection, concluding that competition law enforcement on exploitative abuse should be minimized, since it accompanies risk of over-enforcement.

Access to Credit, Farm Productivity and Market Participation in Ghana: A Conditional Mixed Process Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdiyah Alhassan ◽  
Benjamin Musah Abu ◽  
Paul Kwame Nkegbe
Keyword(s):  
Jel Classification ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Commercial Agriculture ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Using Data

This study tests the hypothesis of whether credit impacts productivity, and whether productivity in turn impacts market participation under a simultaneous modelling framework of credit, productivity and market participation, which has not been pursued in the literature. Using data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey Round 6, we applied a conditional mixed process estimation technique to correct for selectivity bias and unobserved endogeneity. We find that credit positively impacts productivity, which in turn positively impacts market participation. Furthermore, other determinants such as roads, public transport, radio and phone, and compliance with extension advice positively influence productivity while availability of markets and multiple cropping in a season increase the decision to sell maize. These findings imply that the transmission mechanism to transform the subsistence nature of Ghanaian agriculture into a sector characterized by commercial agriculture is to enhance access to credit, which in turn would stimulate productivity, which in turn would enhance market engagement. JEL Classification: Q12, Q13, Q14

ANALYSIS OF THE LIVING STANDARDS OF POPULATION AS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF QUALITY OF LIFE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egor Vladimirovich Eroshin ◽  
◽  
Irina Vyacheslavovna Bogatyreva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living

The article considers the indicator of the standard of living of the population as an indicator of the economic characteristics of the quality of life of people, which is a complex socio-economic category. The authors of the article examined various methods for its determination and presented an analysis of the standard of living of the population of the Samara region

Poverty in the European Union and in Russia: A comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-717
Author(s):  
Eka R. ERMAKOVA ◽  
Dar'ya V. VASHURKINA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Monetary Approach ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Absolute

Subject. The article considers and compares methods used in the European and domestic practice for determining the poverty line. Objectives. Our aim is to underpin the need to abandon the absolute approach to determining the poverty line in Russia in favor of relative approaches. Methods. We employ general scientific methods of cognition (comparison, analysis, and synthesis) and special methods of economic science (rationed assessments). The data of the Federal State Statistics Service and its territorial bodies, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, etc. serve as the information base of the study. Results. The paper shows the failure of the absolute approach to poverty measurement, reveals its shortcomings, determines that it distorts the picture of economic reality in the study of poverty. We apply the European monetary approach to poverty measurement. The comparative analysis of poverty rates in Western Europe and in Russia confirms the existence of extreme forms of poverty, both in developed European States and in our country. The paper uses the ‘zone theory’ to assess the severity of poverty in Russia; the actual values of these indicators in Western Europe serve as thresholds. Conclusions. The use of the relative monetary approach to measure poverty in the country gives a more accurate idea. Since 2021, Russia has switched to a similar method of calculating the subsistence rate and the minimum wage. Hence, the officially recorded level of poverty in the country will increase, and this will require additional measures to support the poor by the State.

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