scholarly journals Dark matter, dark energy and gravity

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550012 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Robson
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Asymptotic Freedom ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Newtonian Gravitation ◽  
Color Confinement ◽  
Vector Bosons

Within the framework of the Generation Model (GM) of particle physics, gravity is identified with the very weak, universal and attractive residual color interactions acting between the colorless particles of ordinary matter (electrons, neutrons and protons), which are composite structures. This gravitational interaction is mediated by massless vector bosons (hypergluons), which self-interact so that the interaction has two additional features not present in Newtonian gravitation: (i) asymptotic freedom and (ii) color confinement. These two additional properties of the gravitational interaction negate the need for the notions of both dark matter and dark energy.

scholarly journals An explanation for dark matter and dark energy consistent with the standard model of particle physics and General Relativity

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Deur
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Law Of Gravity ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Universe Evolution

Abstract Analyses of internal galaxy and cluster dynamics typically employ Newton’s law of gravity, which neglects the field self-interaction effects of General Relativity. This may be why dark matter seems necessary. The universe evolution, on the other hand, is treated with the full theory, General Relativity. However, the approximations of isotropy and homogeneity, normally used to derive and solve the universe evolution equations, effectively suppress General Relativity’s field self-interaction effects and this may introduce the need for dark energy. Calculations have shown that field self-interaction increases the binding of matter inside massive systems, which may account for galaxy and cluster dynamics without invoking dark matter. In turn, energy conservation dictates that the increased binding must be balanced by an effectively decreased gravitational interaction outside the massive system. In this article, such suppression is estimated and its consequence for the Universe’s evolution is discussed. Observations are reproduced without need for dark energy.

scholarly journals CP VIOLATIONS (AND MORE) AFTER THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF LHCB

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (A) ◽  
pp. 528-533
Author(s):  
Giulio Auriemma
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Higgs Sector ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Baryon Asymmetry ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Cp Violations ◽  
The Standard Model

The most interesting cosmological open problems, baryon asymmetry, dark matter, inflation and dark energy, are not explained by the standard model of particle physics (SM). The final<br />goal of the Large Hadron Collider an experimental verification of the SM in the Higgs sector, and also a search for evidence of new physics beyond it. In this paper we will report some of the results obtained in 2010 and 2011, from the LHCb experiment dedicated to the study of CP violations and rare decays of heavy quarks.

THE GENERATION MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS AND GALACTIC DARK MATTER

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (09) ◽  
pp. 1350067 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. ROBSON
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Universal Gravitation ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Newton's Law ◽  
Newton’S Law ◽  
Galactic Dark Matter ◽  
The Galaxy

Galactic dark matter is matter hypothesized to account for the discrepancy of the mass of a galaxy determined from its gravitational effects, assuming the validity of Newton's law of universal gravitation, and the mass calculated from the "luminous matter", stars, gas, dust, etc. observed to be contained within the galaxy. The conclusive observation from the rotation curves of spiral galaxies that the mass discrepancy is greater, the larger the distance scales involved implies that either Newton's law of universal gravitation requires modification or considerably more mass (dark matter) is required to be present in each galaxy. Both the modification of Newton's law of gravitation and the hypothesis of the existence of considerable dark matter in a galaxy are discussed. It is shown that the Generation Model (GM) of particle physics, which leads to a modification of Newton's law of gravitation, is found to be essentially equivalent to that of Milgrom's modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) theory, with the GM providing a physical understanding of the MOND theory. The continuing success of MOND theory in describing the extragalactic mass discrepancy problems constitutes a strong argument against the existence of undetected dark matter haloes, consisting of unknown nonbaryonic matter, surrounding spiral galaxies.

DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY - FACT OR FANTASY?

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (31) ◽  
pp. 5333-5333
Author(s):  
PHILIP MANNHEIM
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Einstein Gravity ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Accelerating Universe ◽  
Conformal Invariant ◽  
Invariant Metric ◽  
Conformal Theory

We show that the origin of the dark matter and dark energy problems originates in the assumption of standard Einstein gravity that Newton's constant is fundamental. We discuss an alternate, conformal invariant, metric theory of gravity in which Newton's constant is induced dynamically, with the global induced one which is effective for cosmology being altogether weaker than the local induced one needed for the solar system. We find that in the theory dark matter is no longer needed, and that the accelerating universe data can be fitted without fine-tuning using a cosmological constant as large as particle physics suggests. In the conformal theory then it is not the cosmological constant which is quenched but rather the amount of gravity that it produces.

Relational Blockworld Approach to Unification and Quantum Gravity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Silberstein ◽  
W.M. Stuckey ◽  
Timothy McDevitt
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Lattice Gauge Theory ◽  
Galactic Rotation ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Angular Power Spectrum ◽  
Lattice Gauge ◽  
Main Thread

The main thread of chapter 6 prompts the need for quantum gravity (QG) and introduces the RBW approach to QG, unification in particle physics, dark matter, and dark energy. The details of RBW’s modified Regge calculus and modified lattice gauge theory approaches are conveyed conceptually in the main thread. The RBW fits of galactic rotation curves, galactic cluster mass profiles, the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background, and the Union2.1 supernova data associated with dark matter and dark energy are in Foundational Physics for Chapter 6. In Philosophy of Physics for Chapter 6, RBW’s taxonomic location with respect to other discrete approaches to QG is detailed and it is argued that the search for QG is stymied by the dynamical paradigm across the board. Further, it is maintained that an adynamical global constraint as the basis for QG in the block universe provides a self-vindicating unification of physics.

Interacting dynamical dark energy with stable high-scale cosmological perturbations at radiation-dominated epoch

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150154
Author(s):  
Roman Neomenko
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Coupling Parameter ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
State Parameter ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Cosmological Perturbations ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dynamical Dark Energy

In this paper, the cosmological perturbations of dynamical dark energy and dark matter, which interact non-gravitationally are studied. This dark energy–dark matter non-gravitational interaction is linearly dependent on the energy densities of dark components. However, in the interacting quintessence dark energy models with such type of interaction, the non-adiabatic instabilities of cosmological perturbations at radiation-dominated epoch arise. To avoid this problem, the model of dynamical dark energy was chosen as the basis. Here, the equation of state parameter of dark energy evolves in time but can be assumed constant at early epoch, so this model can be tuned in such a way that the non-adiabatic instabilities would not appear. The drawback of this cosmological model is that the energy densities of dark components can take the negative values for the certain range of interaction parameter, so the conditions for positivity of dark components densities were derived. Using obtained constraints on the model parameters, the impact of coupling parameter on modification of cosmological perturbations’ evolution is analyzed.

scholarly journals Multi-fluid theory and cosmology: A convective variational approach to interacting dark-sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950078
Author(s):  
Bob Osano ◽  
Timothy Oreta
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Variational Approach ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Fluid Theory ◽  
Variational Formalism ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The interaction of dark energy and dark matter has been studied widely using various formalisms in an effort to understand the physics of such gravitational interactions. Such studies are motivated by the idea that they might hold the key to resolving some of the outstanding problems in cosmology. We will consider the relativistic convective variational formalism in our study of dark matter (hereafter DM)-dark energy (hereafter DE) interaction. In particular, we go beyond the gravitational interaction and consider the potential entrainment phenomena involving the two dark-sector constituents. Ours is a formalism paper and focuses on the theoretical considerations that inform the modeling of such interactions.

scholarly journals Mining for Gluon Saturation at Colliders

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Morreale ◽  
Farid Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Asymptotic Freedom ◽  
High Energies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Color Confinement ◽  
Small X ◽  
Gluon Saturation ◽  
Physics Experiments

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interactions of quarks and gluons collectively called partons, the basic constituents of all nuclear matter. Its non-abelian character manifests in nature in the form of two remarkable properties: color confinement and asymptotic freedom. At high energies, perturbation theory can result in the growth and dominance of very gluon densities at small-x. If left uncontrolled, this growth can result in gluons eternally growing violating a number of mathematical bounds. The resolution to this problem lies by balancing gluon emissions by recombinating gluons at high energies: phenomena of gluon saturation. High energy nuclear and particle physics experiments have spent the past decades quantifying the structure of protons and nuclei in terms of their fundamental constituents confirming predicted extraordinary behavior of matter at extreme density and pressure conditions. In the process they have also measured seemingly unexpected phenomena. We will give a state of the art review of the underlying theoretical and experimental tools and measurements pertinent to gluon saturation physics. We will argue for the need of high energy electron-proton/ion colliders such as the proposed EIC (USA) and LHeC (Europe) to consolidate our knowledge of QCD knowledge in the small x kinematic domains.

scholarly journals High energy physics and cosmology at the unification frontier: Opportunities and challenges in the coming years

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (20) ◽  
pp. 1830017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pran Nath
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Boson Mass ◽  
Higgs Boson Mass ◽  
Energy Physics

We give here an overview of recent developments in high energy physics and cosmology and their interconnections that relate to unification, and discuss prospects for the future. Thus there are currently three empirical data that point to supersymmetry as an underlying symmetry of particle physics: the unification of gauge couplings within supersymmetry, the fact that nature respects the supersymmetry prediction that the Higgs boson mass lie below 130 GeV, and vacuum stability up to the Planck scale with a Higgs boson mass at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]125 GeV while the Standard Model does not do that. Coupled with the fact that supersymmetry solves the big hierarchy problem related to the quadratic divergence to the Higgs boson mass square along with the fact that there is no alternative paradigm that allows us to extrapolate physics from the electroweak scale to the grand unification scale consistent with experiment, supersymmetry remains a compelling framework for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The large loop correction to the Higgs boson mass in supersymmetry to lift the tree mass to the experimentally observable value, indicates a larger value of the scale of weak scale supersymmetry, making the observation of sparticles more challenging but still within reach at the LHC for the lightest ones. Recent analyses show that a high energy LHC (HE-LHC) operating at 27 TeV running at its optimal luminosity of [Formula: see text] can reduce the discovery period by several years relative to HL-LHC and significantly extend the reach in parameter space of models. In the coming years several experiments related to neutrino physics, searches for supersymmetry, on dark matter and dark energy will have direct impact on the unification frontier. Thus the discovery of sparticles will establish supersymmetry as a fundamental symmetry of nature and also lend direct support for strings. Further, discovery of sparticles associated with missing energy will constitute discovery of dark matter with LSP being the dark matter. On the cosmology front more accurate measurement of the equation of state, i.e. [Formula: see text], will shed light on the nature of dark energy. Specifically, [Formula: see text] will likely indicate the existence of a dynamical field, possibly quintessence, responsible for dark energy and [Formula: see text] would indicate an entirely new sector of physics. Further, more precise measurements of the ratio [Formula: see text] of tensor to scalar power spectrum, of the scalar and tensor spectral indices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and of non-Gaussianity will hopefully allow us to realize a Standard Model of inflation. These results will be a guide to further model building that incorporates unification of particle physics and cosmology.

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