EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE BIAS ON FRICTION COEFFICIENT, ADHESION STRENGTH AND HARDNESS OF TiN-COATED TOOL STEEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESAH HAMZAH ◽  
MUBARAK ALI ◽  
MOHD RADZI HJ. MOHD TOFF
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Substrate Bias ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Vapor Deposition Technique ◽  
Pin On Disc

In the present study, TiN coatings have been deposited on D2 tool steel substrates by using cathodic arc physical vapor deposition technique. The objective of this research work is to determine the usefulness of TiN coatings in order to improve the micro-Vickers hardness and friction coefficient of TiN coating deposited on D2 tool steel, which is widely used in tooling applications. A Pin-on-Disc test was carried out to study the coefficient of friction versus sliding distance of TiN coating deposited at various substrate biases. The standard deviation parameter during tribo-test result showed that the coating deposited at substrate bias of -75 V was the most stable coating. A significant increase in micro-Vickers hardness was recorded, when substrate bias was reduced from -150 V to zero. Scratch tester was used to compare the critical loads for coatings deposited at different bias voltages and the adhesion achievable was demonstrated with relevance to the various modes, scratch macroscopic analysis, critical load, acoustic emission and penetration depth. A considerable improvement in TiN coatings was observed as a function of various substrate bias voltages.

EFFECT OF METAL ION ETCHING ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL, MECHANICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF TiN-COATED D2 TOOL STEEL USING CAE PVD TECHNIQUE

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUBARAK ALI ◽  
ESAH BINTI HAMZAH ◽  
MOHD RADZI HJ. MOHD TOFF
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Wear Track ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Ion Etching ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Vapor Deposition Technique

A study has been made on TiN coatings deposited on D2 tool steel substrates by using commercially available cathodic arc evaporation, physical vapor deposition technique. The goal of this work is to determine the usefulness of TiN coatings in order to improve the micro-Vickers hardness, coefficient of friction and surface roughness of TiN coating deposited on tool steel, which is vastly use in tool industry for various applications. A pin-on-disc test was carried out to study the coefficient of friction versus sliding distance of TiN coating at various ion etching rates. The tribo-test showed that the minimum value recorded for friction coefficient was 0.386 and 0.472 with standard deviation of 0.056 and 0.036 for the coatings deposited at zero and 16 min ion etching. The differences in friction coefficient and surface roughness was mainly associated with the macrodroplets, which was produced during etching stage. The coating deposited for 16 min metal ion etching showed the maximum hardness, i.e., about five times higher than uncoated one and 1.24 times to the coating deposited at zero ion etching. After friction test, the wear track was observed by using field emission scanning electron microscope. The coating deposited for zero ion etching showed small amounts of macrodroplets as compared to the coating deposited for 16 min ion etching. The elemental composition on the wear scar were investigated by means of energy dispersive X-ray, indicate no further TiN coating on wear track. A considerable improvement in TiN coatings was recorded as a function of various ion etching rates.

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FLOW RATE ON FRICTION COEFFICIENT AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF TiN COATINGS DEPOSITED ON TOOL STEEL USING ARC METHOD

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (05) ◽  
pp. 1007-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESAH HAMZAH ◽  
ALI OURDJINI ◽  
MUBARAK ALI ◽  
PARVEZ AKHTER ◽  
MOHD RADZI HJ. MOHD TOFF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

In the present study, the effect of various N 2 gas flow rates on friction coefficient and surface roughness of TiN -coated D2 tool steel was examined by a commercially available cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (CAPVD) technique. A Pin-on-Disc test was carried out to study the Coefficient of friction (COF) versus sliding distance. A surface roughness tester measured the surface roughness parameters. The minimum values for the COF and surface roughness were recorded at a N 2 gas flow rate of 200 sccm. The increase in the COF and surface roughness at a N 2 gas flow rate of 100 sccm was mainly attributed to an increase in both size and number of titanium particles, whereas the increase at 300 sccm was attributed to a larger number of growth defects generated during the coating process. These ideas make it possible to optimize the coating properties as a function of N 2 gas flow rate for specific applications, e.g. cutting tools for automobiles, aircraft, and various mechanical parts.

MODELING OF FAILURE FEATURES FOR TiN COATINGS WITH DIFFERENT SUBSTRATE MATERIALS

2011 ◽  
Vol 03 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. WANG ◽  
J. LIN ◽  
D. BALINT
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Constitutive Equations ◽  
Fe Simulation ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Gear Steel

A set of continuum viscoplastic damage constitutive equations is presented in this paper. The equations are calibrated for a TiN coating material, and a number of substrate materials, and are implemented into the commercial finite element (FE) solver, ABAQUS, through the user-defined material subroutine, VUMAT, for FE simulation. An FE model has been created to simulate a load-bearing test. Studies are carried out to investigate failure features of the coating with variations in coating thickness for three different substrate materials: pure copper, a gear steel and a tool steel. It has been demonstrated that the proposed damage equations can be used to predict failure features of coatings, which are affected by the thickness of the coating and the stiffness of the substrate.

Effect of Negative Bias Voltage on Corrosion Resistance of TiN Coating Deposited by MAIP

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1898-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Cheng Lei Wang ◽  
Zhi Kang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Electrochemical Measurement ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Substrate Bias ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Negative Bias Voltage ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Tin Film

In this study, TiN coatings were deposited on 201 stainless steel by multi-arc ion plating (MAIP). The effect of negative bias voltage on the surface microstructure, hardness, phase structure and the corrosion resistance of the coatings were investigated by SEM, hardness instrument, XRD and electrochemical measurement. The number and size of droplets decreased when the negative bias voltage increased from -100 V to -300 V. But when the substrate bias increased to a certain value, there were some pits appeared. The hardness increased at first and decreased later with the increasing of the negative bias voltage. When the negative bias voltage was -200 V, the hardness was the highest. The intrinsic hardness of TiN film was 2195HV. In 3.5% NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of TiN coatings samples were improved slightly compared with 201 stainless steel. In l mol/L H2SO4 solution, the corrosion resistance of -100V sample was the best, the corrosion resistance of -100V coating sample was increased 486 times compared with untreated 201 stainless steel.

Effects of Ti Target Poisoning to Titanium Nitride Coating Fabricated by a Physical Vapor Deposition Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang Dinh Nguyen ◽  
Quang Do Phan ◽  
Đuc Quy Tran ◽  
Duc Cuong Pham
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vapor Deposition Technique ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition Technique

The DC magnetron sputtering is often used for fabricating thin hard coatings for a wide range of industrial applications. The technique allows using DC power for deposition low or non-conductive films from metal target without using expensive RF power for insulation target. However, the performance of DC reactive sputtering is affected significantly by a phenomenon namely target poisoning. When the target poisoning occurs, coating is formed not only on substrate surface but also on target surface, which results in the reduction of deposition rate and coating properties. This paper presents a study on poisoning of Ti target during TiN coating deposition in the Ar + N2atmosphere. Results showed that the target poisoning state is impressed dramatically by partial pressure and flow rate of nitrogen gas. In poisoning mode, the deposition rate was reduced significantly compared to that in the metal mode. In addition, the formed TiN coating exhibited a non-stoichiometric and low adhesion to the substrate.

ADHESION STRENGTH OF TiN COATINGS AT VARIOUS ION ETCHING DEPOSITED ON TOOL STEELS USING CATHODIC ARC PVD TECHNIQUE

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUBARAK ALI ◽  
ESAH HAMZAH ◽  
NOUMAN ALI
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Ion Etching ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition Method

Titanium nitride ( TiN ) widely used as hard coating material was coated on tool steels, namely on high-speed steel (HSS) and D2 tool steel by physical vapor deposition method. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of ion etching with and without titanium ( Ti ) and chromium ( Cr ) on the adhesion strength of TiN coatings deposited on tool steels. From the scratch tester, it was observed that by increasing Ti ion etching showed an increase in adhesion strength of the deposited coatings. The coatings deposited with Cr ion etching showed poor adhesion compared with the coatings deposited with Ti ion etching. Scratch test measurements showed that the coating deposited with titanium ion etching for 16 min is the most stable coating and maintained even at the critical load of 66 N. The curve obtained via penetration depth along the scratch trace is linear in the case of HSS, whereas is slightly flexible in the case of D2 tool steel. The coatings deposited on HSS exhibit better adhesion compared with those on D2 tool steel.

Predictive Modeling of TiN Coating Roughness

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Syukor Mohamad Jaya ◽  
Siti Zaiton Mohd Hashim ◽  
Habibollah Haron ◽  
Muhd Razali Muhamad ◽  
Md Nizam Abd Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Argon Pressure ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Coating Surface ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Coating Roughness

In this paper, an approach in modeling surface roughness of Titanium Nitrite (TiN) coating using Response Surface Method (RSM) is implemented. The TiN coatings were formed using Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) sputtering process. N2pressure, Argon pressure and turntable speed were selected as process variables. Coating surface roughness as an important coating characteristic was characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) equipment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the significant factors influencing resultant TiN coating roughness. Based on that, a quadratic polynomial model equation represented the process variables and coating roughness was developed. The result indicated that the actual coating roughness of validation runs data fell within the 90% prediction interval (PI) and the residual errors were very low. The findings from this study suggested that Argon pressure, quadratic term of N2pressure, quadratic term of turntable speed, interaction between N2pressure and turntable speed, and interaction between Argon pressure and turntable speed influenced the TiN coating surface roughness.

Tribomechanical Property Modification of Commercial TiN Coatings by Carbon Ion Implantation

1993 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Liu ◽  
D.K. Sood ◽  
R.R. Manory
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Steel Substrates

ABSTRACTAbout 2 μm thick commercial coatings of TiN on high speed steel substrates were implanted at room temperature with 95 keV carbon to nominal doses between 1 × 1017 and 8×1017 ions cm-2. An ultra-microhardness apparatus (UMIS-2000) was used to measure hardness, and a pin-on-disc machine (CSEM Tribometer) with a sapphire ball was used to measure wear, friction and adhesion. Carbon implantation induced a significant improvement in ultra-microhardness, friction coefficient and wear properties. The surface microhardness increases monotonically by up to 115% until a critical dose φ crit is reached. Beyond this dose the hardness decreases, but remains higher than that of unimplanted sample. A lower friction coefficient and a longer transition period towards a steady state condition were obtained by implantation. An improvement of up to four times in the wear is obtained after carbon implantation. Topology studies with SEM show a change in the mode of wear. The changes in tribomechanical properties are discussed in terms of radiation damage and possible second phase formation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Heat Treatment on the Behavior of a Hot-Dip Zinc Coating Applied to Steel During Dry Friction

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Dariusz Jędrzejczyk ◽  
Elżbieta Szatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Dry Friction ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coating Hardness ◽  
Anticorrosion Properties

The analyzed topic refers to the wear resistance and friction coefficient changes resulting from heat treatment (HT) of a hot-dip zinc coating deposited on steel. The aim of research was to evaluate the coating behavior during dry friction after HT as a result of microstructure changes and increase the coating hardness. The HT parameters should be determined by taking into consideration, on the one hand, coating wear resistance and, on the other hand, its anticorrosion properties. A hot-dip zinc coating was deposited in industrial conditions (according EN ISO 10684) on disc-shaped samples and the chosen bolts. The achieved results were assessed on the basis of tribological tests (T11 pin-on-disc tester, Schatz®Analyse device, Sindelfingen, Germany), microscopic observations (with the use of optical and scanning microscopy), EDS (point and linear) analysis, and microhardness measurements. It is proved that properly applied HT of a hot-dip zinc coating results in changes in the coating’s microstructure, hardness, friction coefficient, and wear resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document