scholarly journals Black shells and naked shells

Author(s):  
Walter Pulido ◽  
Hernando Quevedo

In this paper, we study the collapse of a thin dust shell from the point of view of the horizon dynamics. We identify the critical surfaces at which time and space coordinates interchange their roles and investigate their properties by using the formalism of trapped surfaces. We show the existence of marginally outer trapped surfaces that are associated with the presence of quasi-local horizons. A particular shell configuration that avoids the formation of horizons is interpreted as naked shell.

Author(s):  
Ramanjit Singh

Wikipedia is a free encyclopedia that operates worldwide on the Internet. Articles on Wikipedia are developed with close collaboration of volunteers and anyone can edit the content (Wikipedia, 2006e). Although there are many advantages of using Wikipedia as a group collaboration tool, there are important implications. First, Wikipedia community is diverse and intercultural differences can distort the communication process. Second, the neutral point of view (NPOV) policy can lead to disputes. Third, lack of supervision and open source policy can be another source of conflict. Forth, administration of articles can be complex due to differing cultural and political stand points (Smith & Kollock, 1999). Laslty, differences in time and space as well as low level of access to the Internet can significantly impede collaboration efforts at Wikipedia (Berry, 2006; Madon, 2000; Parayil, 2006; Sahay, Nicholson, & Krishna, 2003). Hence, the aim of this paper is to examine sociocultural implications of using Wikipedia as a group collaboration tool spanning multiple countries and how social and cultural climate, differences in time and space, as well as technological infrastructure of countries affect collaboration between individuals given the distinctive operational and administration policies at Wikipedia. It is believed that findings from this research will increase the awareness of the underlying cause of many disputes arising at Wikipedia. In addition, this research will lead to cultural relativism and provide neutral grounds for collaborative efforts at Wikipedia in the future.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Recep Dogan

Human beings express their emotions through the language of art; it is therefore both the spirit of progress and one of the most important means of developing emotions. Consequently, those who cannot make use of this means are incomplete in their maturation. Ideas and other products of the imagination can be given tangible form with the magical key of art. By means of art, humanity can exceed the limits of the earth and reach feelings beyond time and space. Beauty in the realm of existence can be recognized through art. Moreover, the great abilities inherent in human nature can be understood and witnessed in works of art. However, from an Islamic point of view, there are some restrictions on certain fields such as sculpture and painting. It is therefore imperative to analyse the notion of art in Islam and its philosophy and then reflect upon the need of the spirit to connect to God through the language of art while meeting some religious obstacles on the way.


2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andries G. Van Aarde

Among its more than a million readers, The shack has empowered traditionalists and seekers among Christian spirituals but has also been condemned for patripassionism and modalism. This article consists mainly of two sections. The first section considers the issue of reviewers of The shack often assessing its religious legitimacy and the value of its message by means of critically questioning its adherence to texts in the Christian Bible. The second section focuses on the accusation that, dogmatically seen, The shack’s narrative point of view is heresy, especially because of its nonstandard view of Christian dogma with regard to God Triune. The aim of the article is to argue that a great deal of commonality exists between the author of The shack and both Pauline and Johannine mysticism. With regard to their God talk, the author and these biblical writers express more of a present immanent communion with the transcendental God than an expectancy of authenticity that still lies in the future and exists outside humankind’s immanent time and space. It is as if they draw the end time into the sphere of the here and now by passionately talking about communion with God as a process of the future, inhaled by the present. By doing so, the God-threesome meet wounded humankind in a ‘shack’, not in the ‘church’ as such or ‘Scripture’ as such as if God could be placed in a box.


Author(s):  
Ana Marjanovic-Shane

From the mid 1950s through roughly the 1980s, some or many children and youth of the Socialist Yugoslavia, especially those of us in Belgrade, the capital, lived in a curious, almost surreal “window” in the space and time. This surreal window of space-time, offered to children and youth of Yugoslavia, unprecedented opportunities for personal development, exposure to the classic cultures and the newest events in the cultural worlds from all over the world, freedom of speech, gathering, activism and opportunities to travel and interact with a multitude of people of the world who came to Yugoslavia.  Such special window in time and space sounds impossible to believe, all the more, in the light of the subsequent brutal and bloody civil wars of the 90s in which Yugoslavia perished. And yet, for many of us this window in time and space did exist! It was a product, I think, of several paradoxical tensions that may have created unprecedented loopholes in the fabric of an otherwise authoritarian and often brutal regime that had its ugly underside in suppression of any actions and words which would be critical of the ruling regime and its leaders.One could arguably say, that, when I talk about this curious, surreal time, I talk from a point of view that can only belong to the children of the privileged: children of the high officers of the Communist party, of the Belgrade political, intellectual, cultural and economic elite. Of course, in many ways, I cannot escape, some of the privileged vistas of my own background – as no one can entirely escape the bent of their own lives. However, my privileged view comes from being among the intellectual elite of Belgrade, rather than the political elite. But my views were also based on the experiences of “ordinary” others which I shared in the everyday ways of life in which I was not segregated from everyone else: my neighbors, school mates, people I met in various other gathering places. In this auto-ethnographic essay, I explore a uniqueness of my Socialist Yugoslav childhood, where a lot of children and youth lived as if in a golden cage. This golden cage had an internal reality that was in many ways protective of our wellbeing. In this reality we experienced freedoms, stood for justice, had many opportunities to participate in cultural clubs, art studios, musical bands, poetic societies, sports clubs, summer and winter camps, etc. At the same time, the world that surrounded us, and even in many ways created our childhoods, was harsh, often brutal and did not hold any of the high ethical principles and values that we believed and lived in. 


Author(s):  
Jordi Bascompte ◽  
Pedro Jordano

This chapter reviews the combination of empirical and theoretical work describing the dynamics of mutualistic networks in time and space. It also addresses what components of these networks are time and space invariant. On a daily basis, network assembly is intermediate between preferential and random attachment. In a year-to-year scale, there is a very high turnover in species and interactions across years, and yet the global structure of the network is quite constant. Across space, theoretical models predict that plantanimal interactions increase spatial heterogeneity. The spatial and temporal dimensions are also interesting from a more methodological point of view to assess the effect of sampling effort. Interaction accumulation curves are the equivalent of species accumulation curves used in biodiversity monitoring and can be used to assess the role of sampling effort. But important natural history details explain a fraction of the nonobserved links. Therefore, treating missing interactions as the expected unique result of sampling bias would miss important components of the ecological and (co)evolutionary basis of mutualistic networks.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5718-5724

Gossipy tidbits are snippets of data or a story that has not been checked. What this implies, is that the individual recounting the story does not know for certain in the event that it is valid or not. Bits of gossip assume a major job in this day and age of web where emergency contact only one post or article. Regular daily existences are lost and economies endure top dogs due to these gossipy tidbits being far reaching by individuals without confirming. Microblog stages have been to a great degree mainstream in the enormous information period because of its constant dissemination of data. We exhibit RING, a constant rising abnormality checking framework over microblog content streams. RING incorporates our endeavors on both developing inconsistency observing examination and framework explore. From the oddity observing point of view, RING proposes a diagram expository methodology with the end goal that RING can recognize developing abnormalities at a prior stage contrasted with the current methods. In our project, we tried to improve the process of Detecting the trending events and their sources by many characteristics like Duration of the anomaly, size of the text, and time. We analysed the spiking anomaly and its source by making use of RING in a little advance manner. The changes made in the system produced positive results which are better to identify the sources in terms of time and space complexity


2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lyle Berger

This article approaches the book of Jonah from a narratological perspective in an effort to understand the way in which the story is presented to a reading audience. This emphasis on the presentation of the text combined with an affirmation of the inadequacy of the concept of "point of view" leads to a consideration of focalization theory and focalization in the book of Jonah. The theoretical positions of Genette, Rimmon-Kenan and Sanders are applied to the book of Jonah with a resulting consideration of instances of perceptual, psychological, ideological, and embedded focalization. The author concludes that the book of Jonah is focalized in a bifurcated manner with an omniscient but ideologically uncommitted external focalizer, allowing for a free manipulation of time and space as well as a panoramic presentation of the psychological aspects of the narrative, and instances of embedded focalization, which provide a number of ideological perspectives. Ultimately, the reader is left to construct an interpretation of the text using these multiple ideological perspectives set in the context of the larger picture provided by the external focalizer.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
D. V. Vorobiov ◽  
E. V. Smirnova

Introduction:the purpose of this article is to highlight the main difficulties and paradoxes, which are connected with temporal and spatial infinity and also to research their solutions in the context of the philosophy of Xenophanes from Colophon and Parmenides from Elea.Materials and Methods:the base of this article is various materials of Russian and foreign researchers, who have researched problem of the temporal infinity in the doctrine of Eleatics with different approaches. In this article the methodology of critical analysis of the researched materials is used, combined with the methods of comparative analysis of doctrine of Xenophanes and doctrine of Parmenides from Elea.Results:the point of view according to which the Being of Xenophanes and Parmenides exists in time and space and  has the shape of a non-hollow sphere is researched in this article. Together with justification of the first point of view, there is another point of view according to which the Being of Xenophanes and Parmenides hasunlimited length in time and space, but this Being has not got any form. According to this point of view, Xenophanes and Parmenides don't give this Being with shape of the sphere, but they just compare it with the sphere to reveal the perfection of such Being. We proved that Being of Xenophanes and Parmenides hasunlimited length in time and space, but it has the form of the sphere. This state of affairs indicates the presence of the limitation of this Being and, therefore, the presence of actual contradiction. Discussion and conclusions:we have proved that main contradictions concerning the temporal and spatial infinity are not ultimately resolved in doctrine of Xenophanes and Parmenides from Elea and still exist as a field for further discussion.


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