scholarly journals OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY OF ADIPOSE TISSUE AT PHOTODYNAMIC/PHOTOTHERMAL TREATMENT IN VITRO

2013 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350010 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRINA YU. YANINA ◽  
NATALIA A. TRUNINA ◽  
VALERY V. TUCHIN
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Refractive Index Distribution ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Photothermal Treatment ◽  
Index Distribution

Temporal changes in structure and refractive-index distribution of adipose tissue at photodynamic/photothermal treatment were studied with OCT in vitro. Ethanol–water solutions of indocyanine green (ICG) and brilliant green (BG) were used for fat tissue staining. CW laser diode (808 nm) and LED light source (442 and 597 nm) were used for irradiation of stained tissue slices. The data received supporting the hypothesis that photodynamic/photothermal treatment, induces fat cell lipolysis during a certain period of time after light exposure.

Neonatal IL-4 exposure decreases adipogenesis of male rats into adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Ying ◽  
Thea N. Golden ◽  
Lan Cheng ◽  
Jeff Ishibashi ◽  
Patrick Seale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue

The cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4) can increase beige adipogenesis in adult rodents. However, neonatal animals use a distinct adipocyte precursor compartment for adipogenesis compared to adults. In this study, we address whether IL-4 can induce persistent effects on adipose tissue when administered subcutaneously in the interscapular region during the neonatal period in Sprague Dawley rats. We injected IL-4 into neonatal male rats during postnatal days 1-6, followed by analysis of adipose tissue and adipocyte precursors at 2 weeks and 10 weeks of age. Adipocyte precursors were cultured and subjected to differentiation in vitro. We found that a short and transient IL-4 exposure in neonates upregulated uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) mRNA expression and decreased fat cell size in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT). Adipocyte precursors from mature rats that had been treated with IL-4 as neonates displayed a decrease in adiponectin (Adipoq) but no change in Ucp1 expression, as compared to controls. Thus, neonatal IL-4 induces acute beige adipogenesis and decreases adipogenic differentiation capacity long term. Overall, these findings indicate that the neonatal period is critical for adipocyte development and may influence the later onset of obesity.

scholarly journals Cellular adaptations in fat tissue of exercise-trained miniature swine: role of excess energy intake

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale B. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Miniature Swine ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine

This study examined the influence of energy expenditure and energy intake on cellular mechanisms regulating adipose tissue metabolism. 1 Twenty-four swine were assigned to restricted-fed sedentary, restricted-fed exercise-trained, full-fed sedentary, or full-fed exercise-trained groups. After 3 mo of treatment, adipocytes were isolated and adipocyte size, adenosine A1 receptor characteristics, and lipolytic sensitivity were measured. Swine were infused with epinephrine during which adipose tissue extracellular adenosine, plasma fatty acids, and plasma glycerol were measured. Results revealed that adipocytes isolated from restricted-fed exercised swine had a smaller diameter, a lower number of A1 receptors, and a greater sensitivity to lipolytic stimulation, compared with adipocytes from full-fed exercised swine. Extracellular adenosine levels were transiently increased on infusion of epinephrine in adipose tissue of restricted-fed exercised but not full-fed exercised swine. These results suggest a role for adenosine in explaining the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo lipolysis findings and underscore the notion that excess energy intake dampens the lipolytic sensitivity of adipocytes to β-agonists and adenosine, even if accompanied by exercise training.

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue-Derived Microvascular Fragments From Male and Female Fat Donors Exhibit a Comparable Vascularization Capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Später ◽  
Julia E. Marschall ◽  
Lea K. Brücker ◽  
Ruth M. Nickels ◽  
Wolfgang Metzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Thickness Skin ◽  
Future Clinical Practice ◽  
Male Donor ◽  
Female Donor

Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (MVF) represent effective vascularization units for tissue engineering. Most experimental studies exclusively use epididymal fat tissue of male donor mice as a source for MVF isolation. However, in future clinical practice, MVF-based approaches may be applied in both male and female patients. Therefore, we herein compared the vascularization capacity of MVF isolated from the epididymal and peri-ovarian fat tissue of male and female donor mice. Freshly isolated MVF from male and female donors did not differ in their number, length distribution, viability and cellular composition. After their assembly into spheroids, they also exhibited a comparable in vitro sprouting activity. Moreover, they could be seeded onto collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices, which were implanted into full-thickness skin defects within mouse dorsal skinfold chambers. Repetitive intravital fluorescence microscopy as well as histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a comparable vascularization and incorporation of implants seeded with MVF of male and female origin. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the vascularization capacity of MVF is not gender-specific.

Adipose tissue can be generated in vitro by using adipocytes from human fat tissue mesenchymal stem cells seeded and cultured on fibrin gel sheet

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Toai Tran ◽  
Duy Thao Huynh ◽  
Ciro Gargiulo ◽  
Le Bao Ha Tran ◽  
Minh Hang Huynh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Fibrin Gel

scholarly journals In vitro Lipolysis and Leptin Production of Elephant Seal Blubber Using Precision-Cut Adipose Tissue Slices

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Debier ◽  
Laura Pirard ◽  
Marie Verhaegen ◽  
Caroline Rzucidlo ◽  
Gilles Tinant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Elephant Seal ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Northern Elephant Seal ◽  
The Impact

Adipose tissue plays key roles in energy homeostasis. Understanding its metabolism and regulation is essential to predict the impact of environmental changes on wildlife health, especially in fasting-adapted species. However, in vivo experimental work in wild vertebrates can be challenging. We have developed a novel in vitro approach of precision-cut adipose tissue slices from northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) as a complementary approach to whole animal models. Blubber biopsies were collected from 14 pups during early and late post-weaning fast (Año Nuevo, CA, United States), precision-cut into 1 mm thick slices and maintained in culture at 37°C for at least 63 h. The slices exhibited an efficient response to ß-adrenergic stimulation, even after 2 days of culture, revealing good in vitro tissue function. The response to lipolytic stimulus did not vary between regions of outer and inner blubber, but was higher at early than at late fast for inner blubber slices. At early fast, lipolysis significantly reduced leptin production. At this stage, inner blubber slices were also more efficient at producing leptin than outer blubber slices, especially in the non-lipolytic condition. This model will aid the study of adipose tissue metabolism and its response to environmental stressors in marine mammals.

scholarly journals An RNAi screening of clinically relevant transcription factors regulating human adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Björk ◽  
Narmadha Subramanian ◽  
Jianping Liu ◽  
Juan Ramon Acosta ◽  
Beatriz Tavira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Rnai Screen ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Rnai Screening ◽  
Metabolic Conditions

Abstract Objective Healthy hyperplasic (many but smaller fat cells) white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion is mediated by recruitment, proliferation and/or differentiation of new fat cells. This process (adipogenesis) is controlled by transcriptional programs mostly identified in rodents. A systemic investigation of adipogenic human transcription factors (TFs) that are relevant for metabolic conditions has not been revealed previously. Methods TFs regulated in WAT by obesity, adipose morphology, cancer cachexia and insulin resistance were selected from microarrays. Their role in differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASC) was investigated by RNA interference (RNAi) screen. Lipid accumulation, cell number and lipolysis were measured for all screened factors (148 TFs). RNA (RNAseq), protein (western blot) expression, insulin and catecholamine responsiveness were examined in hASC following siRNA treatment of selected target TFs. Results Analysis of TFs regulated by metabolic conditions in human WAT revealed that many of them belong to adipogenesis-regulating pathways. The RNAi screen identified 39 genes that affected fat cell differentiation in vitro, where 11 genes were novel. Of the latter JARID2 stood out as being necessary for formation of healthy fat cell metabolic phenotype by regulating expression of multiple fat-cell phenotype-specific genes. Conclusions This comprehensive RNAi screening in hASC suggests that a large proportion of WAT TFs that are impacted by metabolic conditions might be important for hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion. The screen also identified JARID2 as a novel TF essential for the development of functional adipocytes.

scholarly journals Polymyxin B diminishes blood flow to brown adipose tissue and lactating mammary gland in the rat. Possible mechanism of its action to decrease the stimulation of lipogenesis on refeeding

1989 ◽  
Vol 261 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Tedstone ◽  
B Tedoldi ◽  
V Ilic ◽  
D H Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland

Polymyxin B, a cyclic decapeptide antibiotic, increased blood glucose and lactate, and inhibited the stimulation of lipogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue and lactating mammary gland of starved-refed virgin and lactating rats respectively. Lipogenesis was not inhibited in white adipose tissue or liver. The antibiotic increased the haematocrit. The relative blood flow to brown adipose tissue and lactating mammary gland was decreased by polymyxin B, and this was accompanied by a decrease in tissue ATP content. In vitro polymyxin B did not affect glucose utilization or conversion into lipid, nor the stimulation by insulin of these processes in brown-adipose-tissue slices. Treatment of rats in vivo with polymyxin B resulted in decreased utilization of glucose in vitro in brown-adipose-tissue slices. Similarly, acini from mammary glands of polymyxin B-treated lactating rats had decreased rates of conversion of [1-14C]glucose to lipid. It is concluded that the effects of polymyxin B may be brought about by decreases in tissue blood flow. The possibility that these effects are secondary to inhibition of glucose utilization cannot be ruled out.

MicroRNA profiling links miR-378 to enhanced adipocyte lipolysis in human cancer cachexia

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (3) ◽  
pp. E267-E274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agné Kulyté ◽  
Silvia Lorente-Cebrián ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Niklas Mejhert ◽  
Thorhallur Agustsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Human Adipocytes ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Insight Into

Cancer cachexia is associated with pronounced adipose tissue loss due to, at least in part, increased fat cell lipolysis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been implicated in controlling several aspects of adipocyte function. To gain insight into the possible impact of miRNAs on adipose lipolysis in cancer cachexia, global miRNA expression was explored in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue from gastrointestinal cancer patients with ( n = 10) or without ( n = 11) cachexia. Effects of miRNA overexpression or inhibition on lipolysis were determined in human in vitro differentiated adipocytes. Out of 116 miRNAs present in adipose tissue, five displayed distinct cachexia-associated expression according to both microarray and RT-qPCR. Four (miR-483–5p/-23a/-744/-99b) were downregulated, whereas one (miR-378) was significantly upregulated in cachexia. Adipose expression of miR-378 associated strongly and positively with catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes. This correlation is most probably causal because overexpression of miR-378 in human adipocytes increased catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis. In addition, inhibition of miR-378 expression attenuated stimulated lipolysis and reduced the expression of LIPE, PLIN1, and PNPLA2, a set of genes encoding key lipolytic regulators. Taken together, increased miR-378 expression could play an etiological role in cancer cachexia-associated adipose tissue loss via effects on adipocyte lipolysis.

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