Design and development of a force sensing skin adapted to a child surrogate to identify potential bruising locations

TECHNOLOGY ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond D'souza ◽  
Gina Bertocci
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Image System ◽  
Body Mapping ◽  
System A ◽  
Sensing Skin ◽  
Force Data

Bruising is an early sign of child abuse. Bruising locations on the body can be an effective delineator of abusive vs. accidental trauma. However, the ability to predict potential bruising locations associated with falsely reported events (e.g. bed falls, stair falls) in child abuse does not exist. In our study we adapted an existing pediatric anthropomorphic test device (ATD) with custom developed force sensors integrated into a conformable skin. The sensors were coupled to a data acquisition system through which recorded force data was displayed on a computerized body mapping image system. A simulated abdominal blow demonstrated the modified ATD's capability to predict potential bruising location and impact force.

Potential for head injuries in infants from low-height falls

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Coats ◽  
Susan S. Margulies
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Peak Impact Force

Object Falls are the most common accident scenario in young children as well as the most common history provided in child abuse cases. Understanding the biomechanics of falls provides clinicians with objective data to aid in their diagnosis of accidental or inflicted trauma. The objective of this study was to determine impact forces and angular accelerations associated with low-height falls in infants. Methods An instrumented anthropomorphic infant surrogate was created to measure the forces and 3D angular accelerations associated with falls from low heights (0.3–0.9 m) onto a mattress, carpet pad, or concrete. Results Although height significantly increased peak angular acceleration (αp), change in peak-to-peak angular velocity, time duration associated with the change in velocity, and peak impact force (Fp) for head-first drops onto a carpet pad or concrete, none of these variables were significantly affected by height when dropped onto a mattress. The αp was not significantly different for drops onto a carpet pad and concrete from 0.6 or 0.9 m due to compression of the carpet pad. Surprisingly, sagittal αp was equaled or surpassed by axial αp. Conclusions These are the first 3D angular acceleration and impact force data available for head impact in infants from low-height falls. A future study involving a computational model of the infant head will use the loads measured in this study to predict the probability of occipital skull fracture on impact from head-first low-height falls. Together, these studies will provide data that will aid clinicians in the evaluation of accidental and inflicted head injuries, and will contribute to the design of safer environments for children.

An ayurvedic tablet formulation for ulcer protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Shiva Kumar K ◽  
Purushothaman M ◽  
Soujanya H ◽  
Jagadeeshwari S
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
System A ◽  
The World

Gastric ulcers or the peptic ulcer is the primary disease that affects the gastrointestinal system. A large extent of the population in the world are suffering from the disease, and the age group of people those who suffer from ulcers are 20-55years. Herbs are known to the human beings that are useful in the treatment of diseases, and there are a lot of scientific investigations that prove the pharmacological activity of herbal drugs. Practitioners have been using the herbal material to treat the ulcers successfully, and the same had been reported scientifically. Numerous publications have been made that proves the antiulcer activity of the plants around the world. The tablets were investigated for the antiulcer activity in two doses 200 and 400mg/kg in albino Wistar rats in the artificial ulcer those are induced by the ethanol. The prepared tablets showed a better activity compared to the standard synthetic drug and the marketed ayurvedic formulation. The tablets showed a dose-dependent activity in ulcer prevention and treatment. Many synthetic drugs are available for the ulcer treatment, and the drugs pose the other problems in the body by showing the side effects and some other reactions. This limits the use of synthetic drugs to treat ulcers effectively. Herbs are known to the human beings that are useful in the treatment of diseases, and there are a lot of scientific investigations that prove the pharmacological activity of herbal drugs.

scholarly journals Zur exakten Behandlung von kollektiven Rotationen Teil A: Theorie / On the Exact Treatment of Collective Rotations Part A: Theory

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-215
Author(s):  
Hanns Ruder
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Perturbation Expansion ◽  
Rotational Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
System A ◽  
N Body Problem ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Fixed System ◽  
Body Fixed Coordinate System ◽  
Groundstate Energy

Basic in the treatment of collective rotations is the definition of a body-fixed coordinate system. A kinematical method is derived to obtain the Hamiltonian of a n-body problem for a given definition of the body-fixed system. From this exact Hamiltonian, a consequent perturbation expansion in terms of the total angular momentum leads to two exact expressions: one for the collective rotational energy which has to be added to the groundstate energy in this order of perturbation and a second one for the effective inertia tensor in the groundstate. The discussion of these results leads to two criteria how to define the best body-fixed coordinate system, namely a differential equation and a variational principle. The equivalence of both is shown.

Influence of Attached Masses on Impact Forces and Running Style in Heel-Toe Running

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bahlsen ◽  
Benno M. Nigg
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Additional Mass ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
High Speed Film ◽  
Vertical Impact

Impact forces analysis in heel-toe running is often used to examine the reduction of impact forces for different running shoes and/or running techniques. Body mass is reported to be a dominant predictor of vertical impact force peaks. However, it is not evident whether this finding is only true for the real body mass or whether it is also true for additional masses attached to the body (e.g., running with additional weight or heavy shoes). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of additional mass on vertical impact force peaks and running style. Nineteen subjects (9 males, 10 females) with a mean mass of 74.2 kg/56.2 kg (SD = 10.0 kg and 6.0 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Additional masses were attached to the shoe (.05 and .1 kg), the tibia (.2, .4, .6 kg), and the hip (5.9 and 10.7 kg). Force plate measurements and high-speed film data were analyzed. In this study the vertical impact force peaks, Fzi, were not affected by additional masses, the vertical active force peaks, Fza, were only affected by additional masses greater than 6 kg, and the movement was only different in the knee angle at touchdown, ϵ0, for additional masses greater than .6 kg. The results of this study did not support findings reported earlier in the literature that body mass is a dominant predictor of external vertical impact force peaks.

Stance- and Locomotion-Dependent Processing of Vibration-Induced Proprioceptive Inflow From Multiple Muscles in Humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 772-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire Courtine ◽  
Alessandro Marco De Nunzio ◽  
Micaela Schmid ◽  
Maria Vittoria Beretta ◽  
Marco Schieppati
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Muscle Vibration ◽  
Mapping Study ◽  
Body Mapping ◽  
Neck Muscle Vibration ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Postural Orientation

We performed a whole-body mapping study of the effect of unilateral muscle vibration, eliciting spindle Ia firing, on the control of standing and walking in humans. During quiet stance, vibration applied to various muscles of the trunk-neck system and of the lower limb elicited a significant tilt in whole body postural orientation. The direction of vibration-induced postural tilt was consistent with a response compensatory for the illusory lengthening of the stimulated muscles. During walking, trunk-neck muscle vibration induced ample deviations of the locomotor trajectory toward the side opposite to the stimulation site. In contrast, no significant modifications of the locomotor trajectory could be detected when vibrating various muscles of the lower as well as upper limb. The absence of correlation between the effects of muscle vibration during walking and standing dismisses the possibility that vibration-induced postural changes can account for the observed deviations of the locomotor trajectory during walking. We conclude that the dissimilar effects of trunk-neck and lower limb muscle vibration during walking and standing reflect a general sensory-motor plan, whereby muscle Ia input is processed according to both the performed task and the body segment from which the sensory inflow arises.

Development of the Meridian-Visualizing System that Superimposes a Bio-signal upon a Body Image

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 631-640
Author(s):  
Dong-Myong Jeong ◽  
Yong-Heum Lee ◽  
Myeong Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Excitation Current ◽  
System A ◽  
Dc Excitation ◽  
Single Power

The precise selection and the identification of acupuncture points are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of patients in Oriental medicine. In this study, we have developed a meridian identification system using Single-Power Alternating Current (SPAC), which discriminates between true acupoints and non-acupoints. The SPAC system is not affected by skin resistance or pressure and is more accurate than the existing meridian location system, which uses direct current (DC) excitation current. The accuracy of the meridian location is ensured with the SPAC system because it has the highest sensitivity and the lowest effect on the human body. A microprocessor is used to enhance reliability and increase the accuracy of the SPAC measurements. Current distribution is displayed using an image that overlays the measured skin current on the body image. The positions of the acupoints are then displayed on the body image. This method visualizes the meridian by measuring skin current with an improved electrode using the acupoint discrimination system. A computer display shows the transmitted current as a color related to the electrode position. We demonstrated that by changing the point of measurement on the skin and tracing the electrode on the screen, it is possible to visualize acupoints and meridian phenomena using the color display.

Diagnostic Imaging of Child Abuse

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-264
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pediatric Radiologist ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Skeletal Injury ◽  
Infant And Young Child

The concept of child abuse as a medical entity has its origins in the radiologic studies of the pediatric radiologist Dr John Caffey, as well as many other specialists in the field of diagnostic imaging. When all cases of child abuse and neglect are studied, the incidence of physical alterations documentable by diagnostic imaging is relatively small. However, imaging studies are often critical in the infant and young child with evidence of physical injury, and they also may be the first indication of abuse in a child who is seen initially with an apparent natural illness. As most conventional imaging studies performed in this setting are noninvasive and entail minimal radiation risks, recommendations regarding imaging should focus on examinations, which provide the highest diagnostic yield at acceptable costs. SKELETAL IMAGING Although skeletal injuries rarely pose a threat to the life of the abused child, they are the strongest radiologic indicators of abuse. In fact, in the young infant, certain radiologic abnormalities are sufficiently characteristic to allow a firm diagnosis of inflicted injury in the absence of clinical information. This fact mandates that imaging surveys performed to identify skeletal injury be carried out with the same level of technical excellence utilized in examinations routinely performed to evaluate accidental injuries. The "body gram" or abbreviated skeletal surveys have no place in the imaging of these subtle, but highly specific bony abnormalities. In general, the radiographic skeletal survey is the method of choice for skeletal imaging in cases of suspected abuse. Modern pediatric imaging systems commonly use special film, cassettes, and intensifying screens to minimize exposure.

Development of a Micro-PIXE Camera

1998 ◽  
Vol 08 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MATSUYAMA ◽  
K. ISHII ◽  
A. SUGIMOTO ◽  
T. SATOH ◽  
K. GOTOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Energy Research ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
System A ◽  
Ion Accelerator

We developed a system of μ-PIXE analysis at the division of Takasaki ion accelerator for advanced radiation application (TIARA) in Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), which consists of a microbeam apparatus, a multi-parameter data acquisition system and a personal computer. Elemental analysis in the region of 500 μ m × 500 μ m can be performed with a spatial resolution of < 0.3 μm and multi-elemental distributions are presented as images on a computer display even during measurement. We call this system a micro-PIXE camera.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Forensic Aspects of Physical Abuse of Minors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndoye El Hadji Oumar
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The Body ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
The Family ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Negligent Treatment ◽  
The Relationship

Child abuse is a phenomenon whose magnitude remains unknown in Africa. It includes all forms of physical and/or emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, or commercial exploitation.This is a prospective descriptive study, with systematic case-by-case recruitment of victims of physical abuse of minors received in the forensic medicine department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital over a twelve (12) month period, from July 20, 2016 to July 19, 2017.The study included 218 cases of child abuse out of 1110 patients who were seen for any reason, a proportion of 20%. Victims aged between 11 and 15 years old were the most represented with 46.7% and more than half were out of school with 59.6%, girls were the most represented in our study with 73.3% with a sex ratio M/F = 0.36. The relationship between the victim and the aggressor was familial in (44%). The injuries were found all over the body. 77.60% of the victims had a total work disability of less than or equal to 20 days. Physical abuse is common in Conakry. Young subjects are the most affected, especially student summary. Minors constitute a fragile population, dependent and vulnerable to the assaults to which they are subjected, both inside and outside the family sphere.

Cofradía and Cabildo in the Eighteenth Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-123
Author(s):  
S. Elizabeth Penry
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
System A ◽  
The Town

By the eighteenth century, the town-based cofradía and cabildo offices had merged to form what scholars call the fiesta-cargo system, a series of linked posts that created affective ties to the town and legitimated authority within it. Andeans now defined themselves as comuneros, members of the común, the body of commoners that excluded caciques. To become a leader of the común, one served the saints by holding cofradía office. Comuneros had made cofradías and saints Andean: service to the saints rotated among the town’s ayllus and saints’ celebrations included llama sacrifice, pouring libations, and shamanistic practices. During their time as officeholders, comuneros were exempt from tribute and mita, making them a de facto nobility. Caciques saw these officeholders as threats to cacical rule and worked to undercut them. That fear coincided with Spanish policies that also sought to reduce cofradía officers so as to increase tribute payments and mita labor.

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