Towards a More Resilient Delhi: Rapid Urbanization and Climate Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 05 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 1850014
Author(s):  
Jasdeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Global South ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
The City ◽  
Resilience Assessment

The discourse on resilient cities encapsulates various analogies, which are further constructed through the work of researchers in creation of several resilience assessment methodologies and toolkits. Despite the presence of numerous resilience assessment tools, there is an apparent lack of participation of residents of the global south within the assessment and iterative transformation processes. The situation, hence, is not truly represented through application of these tools in certain socio-political climates such as of India. Consistent economic growth of India has resulted in rapid urbanization of major cities. But, this has not been supplemented with proper planning, resulting in imbalances in all spheres of city infrastructure. Delhi, capital city of India, has been one of the worst hit cities. The hot seasons have caused thousands of fatalities in the past few years. An attempt is made to review the application of current resilience tools in Delhi against the backdrop of the sustainable development goals. In an attempt to improve the approach of these existing tools, an initial iteration is conducted, hinging on qualitative data obtained through surveying a sample population of the city and accessible quantitative metric data. Possible intervention scenarios are further suggested in view of aforementioned stressors and resilience scores. Research question: Where are the current resilience tools found lacking in the case of the global south, specifically in Delhi? How can the applicability of these tools be improved without compromising the deliverables yet ensuring an all-inclusive approach? Key findings: (1) The city is found lacking in adequate infrastructure facilities to its residents especially within the ambits of basic water and sanitation provision and healthcare services. (2) The city is relatively unprepared to face unforeseen events, both at the administrative and the grassroots levels. The lack of knowledge transfer and cooperation are largely evident.

Kavaklidere-Ankara: The Formation of a Residential District During the 1950s

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Çılga Resuloğlu ◽  
Elvan Altan Ergut
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
International Style ◽  
Residential District ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This paper aims to examine the formation of Kavaklıdere as a ‘modern’ residential district during the 1950s. Contemporary urbanization brought about changes in various regions of Ankara, among which Kavaklıdere emerged as an important location with features that defined a new stage in the development of the identity of the capital city. The construction of houses in this district from the early 1950s onwards was in accordance with new functional requirements resulting from the needs of the contemporary socio-economic context, and exemplified the relationship between architectural approaches and social developments. In line with the rapid urbanization of Ankara throughout the 1950s, daily life in Kavaklıdere was transformed, as experienced in the apartment blocks that were the newly constructed sites of modernization. The contemporary transformation of Kavaklıdere was apparently formal and spatial, with the modernist architectural approach of the period, i.e. the so-called International Style, beginning to dominate in the shaping of its changing character. Nonetheless, the transformation was not only architectural but also social: the characteristics of this part of the city were then defined by structures like these apartment blocks, which brought modernist design features, together with modern ways of living, into wider public use and appreciation. The paper discusses how the identity of Kavaklıdere as a residential district was formed in the context of the mid-twentieth century, when these new residences emerged as pioneering modernist architectural housing, the product of social change, which housed and hence facilitated the ‘modern’ lifestyle of that time.

scholarly journals Analysing Urban Development Patterns in a Conflict Zone: A Case Study of Kabul

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3662
Author(s):  
Vineet Chaturvedi ◽  
Monika Kuffer ◽  
Divyani Kohli
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The City

A large part of the population in low-income countries (LICs) lives in fragile and conflict-affected states. Many cities in these states show high growth dynamics, but little is known about the relation of conflicts and urban growth. In Afghanistan, the Taliban regime, which lasted from 1996 to 2001, caused large scale displacement of the population. People from Afghanistan migrated to neighboring countries like Iran and Pakistan, and all developments came to a halt. After the US invasion in October 2001, all the major cities in Afghanistan experienced significant population growth, in particular, driven by the influx of internally displaced persons. Maximum pressure of this influx was felt by the capital city, Kabul. This rapid urbanization, combined with very limited capacity of local authorities to deal with this growth, led to unplanned urbanization and challenges for urban planning and management. This study analyses the patterns of growth between 2001 and 2017, and the factors influencing the growth in the city of Kabul with the help of high-resolution Earth Observation-based data (EO) and spatial logistic regression modelling. We analyze settlement patterns by extracting image features from high-resolution images (aerial photographs of 2017) and terrain features as input to a random forest classifier. The urban growth is analyzed using an available built-up map (extracted from IKONOS images for the year 2001). Results indicate that unplanned settlements have grown 4.5 times during this period, whereas planned settlements have grown only 1.25 times. The unplanned settlements expanded mostly towards the west and north west parts of the city, and the growth of planned settlements happened mainly in the central and eastern parts of the city. Population density and the locations of military bases are the most important factors that influence the growth, of both planned and unplanned settlements. The growth of unplanned settlement occurs predominantly in areas of steeper slopes on the hillside, while planned settlements are on gentle slopes and closer to the institutional areas (central and eastern parts of the city). We conclude that security and availability of infrastructure were the main drivers of growth for planned settlements, whereas unplanned growth, mainly on hillsides, was driven by the availability of land with poor infrastructure.

Review of city models and the applications on flood risk management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiheng Chen ◽  
Lu Zhuo ◽  
Dawei Han
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Water System ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Timely Review ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
City Model ◽  
The City ◽  
City Models

<p>Cities are the place where a large portion of the population lives. Traditional urban planning models usually based on separate functions of a city or region. A coherent city model is a newly developed tool to take the interaction between each section into consideration. The city model in this paper focuses on the water system infrastructure because flood risk is becoming an increasingly challenging issue with the rapid urbanization and extreme weather under climate change. The paper aims to give a timely review of the development of city models from various originates. Then, it introduces a number of popular modelling techniques that have been demonstrated useful or may be of potential usage for city modelling purpose, such as GIS, CIM, ABM, etc. The review of model techniques provides the readers with suggestions on how to choose the technique to deal with their own research question. After that, this paper also points out the possible future directions of city models with challenges requiring further research efforts.</p>

Comprehensive urban environment quality assessment using remote sensing satellite data for Bhopal city, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srashti Singh ◽  
Kamal Jain
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Critical Zones ◽  
The City

<p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> Urbanisation, Remote sensing, Comprehensive environmental quality, Bhopal, India</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>A tremendous increase in the global human population has become a major threat to the environment mainly these situations are existing in developing nations. A higher population poses higher demands as well as pressure on the environment directly or indirectly, which is an issue for the sustainable development of the country. Most of the Indian cities are facing challenges in environmental sustainability. Bhopal the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, India is presently going through rapid urbanization and industrialization which leads to environmental degradation of the city. The study aims at analyzing the environmental sustainability of the city. The study is performed using satellite-based remote sensing data integrated with the census data. Initially, Landsat TM satellite data of the years 2001 and 2011 are utilized for extracting the land use land cover (LULC) transformations. Further, MODIS data products at 1 km resolution are used for estimating the biophysical indicators (BI) which are normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST). A comprehensive environmental quality index (CEQI) is obtained by integrating BI with census data and transformations in CEQI are studied for the urban environment. The results depicted an increase in urban built-up with a phenomenal decay in the greenness of the city. The results from CEQI reveals significant changes in the different zones of the city which are highly affected due to change in urbanization and greenness pattern of the city. The study highlights the critical zones of the city and suggests measures to improve the environmental quality for the critical zones which can help the policy-makers in sustainable planning of the city.</p>

scholarly journals Identification of Reasons for and Socio-Economic Impacts of Persistent Floods in Dar Es Salaam

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Magreth S. Bushesha ◽  
Jane A. Mbura
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Flooding Events ◽  
Land Policies ◽  
The City

<em>This paper identifies and discusses reasons for persistent flooding events in the city of Dar es Salam. The paper also discusses socio-economic impacts caused by such flooding events. Descriptive research design guided the study. A questionnaire was administered to a sample population to collect numerical data while in-depth interviews were employed to collect qualitative information. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze data from the questionnaire whereas qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings show that topography, unplanned settlements, poor infrastructure to support rapid urbanization, poor institutional capacity, failure of local authorities to enforce land policies and legislation, centralization of land use planning, poverty, and lack of awareness are the main causes of persistent flooding events in the study area. The paper further identifies that destroyed businesses, properties damage, increased number of dependents, increased number of orphans, families separation, increased incidents of eruptional diseases, increased crime rate and increased immorality and people being subjected into deep poverty are some of the impacts of persistent floods in Dar es Salaam. The paper suggests that there should be efforts directed towards ensuring that policies are well implemented and legislation enforced in the interest of proper environmental management and sustainable development of the city.</em>

scholarly journals Developing an Open Space Standard in a Densely Populated City: A Case Study of Chittagong City

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maharina Jafrin ◽  
Beau Beza
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Capital City ◽  
World Health ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Structural Plan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

In densely populated settings like Chittagong, Bangladesh cities facing rapid urbanization and economic growth are challenged to provide open space for its citizens. For example, the population of this port city is 14,200 people per square kilometer and there is a struggle to provide open space. Again, the planning proposal did not set any open space standard to achieve its open space aspirations Hence, the objectives of this paper are four-fold: (i) Develop an understanding of open space standards to establish relative benchmarks for potential use in Chittagong. (ii) Examine existing formal open space in Chittagong. (iii) Document the existing informal open space areas in Chittagong according to the planning direction. (iv) Recommend an approach that can be used to realize open spaces in Chittagong. To achieve these, this paper documents the existing open space scenario in the city, examines the recommended open space standards developed by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Dhaka Structural Plan (2016–2035) (the planning document of the capital city of Bangladesh) to identify to what extent these ‘benchmark’ standards are appropriate for use in the city. A discussion on open space in Chittagong and the criteria used to ‘frame’ open space calculations in the city is then conducted to provide a foundation to reflect upon the world’s various open space recommendations. Ultimately, by analyzing existing open space recommendations and their associated well-being aspirations, the research suggests that a new standard relating to the unique characteristics of the city should be used when developing open space standards in Chittagong.

scholarly journals Re-Interpreting the Imrahor Valley (Ankara-Turkey) in Terms of Green Infrastructure Directing Urban and Rural Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Nilgül Karadeniz ◽  
Esra Şenoz Orsan ◽  
Rüveyda Akman Taskin ◽  
Zekiye Cetinkaya
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The City

AbstractThe earth is rapidly urbanizing. One of the most effective means of dealing with the emergency caused by rapid urbanization is green infrastructure now. Ankara as a metropolitan capital city is also rapidly losing its urban-rural integrity due to rapid urbanization. Although different spatial plans have been made since the declaration of the Republic, the city continued oil-stain expansion and the green area system could not be protected. The Imrahor Valley, which is of ecologically vital importance in the urban-rural integrity, is one of the valuable areas under threat. The valley is an ecotone between the rural and urban ecosystems, southeast of Ankara city center. The valley has come to the point of losing its natural and rural character, especially with the urban transformation practices on the valley floor, slopes and surrounding areas. In this context, the ecological processes to which the Imrahor Valley is connected and dependent and human interventions in these processes are examined in three layers at different levels initially: the province, the city containing the central districts and the basin containing Lake Mogan-Eymir Lake-Imrahor Valley. Then, we focus on the transformation of the Imrahor Valley, one of the most important ecological components of the metropolitan city of Ankara, between 2003–2020. All transformational interventions in the Imrahor Valley affect all natural processes of the Valley irreversibly. It is necessary to re-read and interpret the Imrahor Valley landscape within the framework of the green infrastructure approach in all spatial planning studies and plan changes to be made regarding the metropolitan city.

scholarly journals A Framework for Urban Flood Resilience Assessment with Emphasis on Social, Economic and Institutional Dimensions: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7852
Author(s):  
Behnam Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi ◽  
Hamid Majedi ◽  
Mostafa Behzadfar ◽  
Ayyoob Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
Resilience Assessment

In recent years, the effects of climate change have become more noticeable in Iran, especially in big cities. In particular, climate-related flood risk is increasingly recognized as a potential threat in the capital city of Tehran. Accordingly, the present study aimed to provide a framework/assessment tool to measure Tehran’s resilience to flood risks. To this end, 21 professionals from different disciplines were selected through a purposive sampling procedure and were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The analysis procedure resulted in the identification of 3 themes, 15 categories, 40 subcategories, and 235 codes. The themes were social, economic, and organizational; The identified categories were culture and education (since culture is something to be learned through formal and informal education this component has two features: culture and education), participation, trust, attitude, solidarity, resources, empowerment, flexibility, credit, supervision, intercommunication, rules, specialization, and research. Validation of the indicators and their usability based on the opinions of local experts was used to calibrate the assessment tool and ensure its context-sensitivity. The results of this research can help planners and policymakers to increase their awareness of flood resilience. The approach taken in this research may also be useful for developing flood resilience assessment tools in other Iranian cities as well as in other cities of the Global South with similar conditions.

Some Aspects of Identity Politics of Kharkiv Local Authorities After 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Denys Kutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
New Policies ◽  
National Flag ◽  
The City

AbstractThe paper analyzes the transformation of identity politics of Kharkiv local authorities after the Euromaidan, or Revolution of Dignity, the annexation of Crimea, and the War in Donbass. Being the second largest city in Ukraine and becoming the frontline city in 2014, Kharkiv is an interesting case for research on how former pro-Russian local elites treat new policies of the central government in Kyiv, on whether earlier they tried to mobilize their electorate or to provoke political opponents with using soviet symbols, soviet memory, and copying Russian initiatives in the sphere of identity.To answer the research question of this article, an analysis of Kharkiv city and oblast programs and strategies and of communal media were made. Decommunisation, as one of the most important identity projects of Ukrainian central authorities after 2014, was analyzed through publications in Kharkiv’s city-owned media as well as reports from other scholars. Some conclusions are made from the analysis of these documents: Kharkiv development strategy until 2020, Complex program of cultural development in Kharkiv in 2011–2016 (and the same for 2017–2021), The regional program of military and patriotic training and participation of people in measures of defense work in 2015–2017, Program of supporting civil society in 2016–2020 in Kharkiv region and the city mayor’s orders about the celebration of Victory Day (9 May), the Day of the National Flag (23 August), the Day of the City (23 August) and Independence Day (24 August) in 2010–2015.

EXPLORING EX-ANTE IMPACTS AND SOCIAL AND SPORTIVE CHALLENGES OF HOSTING A FUTURE NEW INTERNATIONAL MAJOR EVENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE WORLD ROLLER GAMES IN BARCELONA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Saló ◽  
Laia López
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Research Question ◽  
City Image ◽  
Local Council ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Consequences ◽  
Mega Event ◽  
The City ◽  
The Postponement

Research Question: This analysis arises from the decision of the current local council of Barcelona regarding the postponement of the sporting mega-event ‘World Roller Games’, due to a lack of a social and sportive implication in this event. This research tries to shed some light on the matter and give evidence to the local council to become the world capital of skating. The research question is to analyse whether non-economic impacts could be relevant enough to organise a mega-event.Research Methods: The methodology is based on the perception and experience of spectators and participants on four main impacts (social, economic, sports city image and sports practice) using a survey from a National Roller Skating Championship in Spain, considering that this profile of respondents have a better knowledge of the current situation of this sport.Results and Findings: There are positive expected future consequences of this mega-event to be held in Barcelona in social and sportive terms. We can also conclude that the local council must still introduce some social and sportive policies in the city in order to improve the chances of success in social, sports practice and sportive brand image development.Implications: It is demonstrated that a mega-event should not be seen purely from a perspective of business generation, especially with minority sports like roller skating. There is a clear opportunity to develop social and sportive practice initiatives that can push social cohesion throughout the city thanks to a mega-event such as this one.

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