Identification of Reasons for and Socio-Economic Impacts of Persistent Floods in Dar Es Salaam

This paper identifies and discusses reasons for persistent flooding events in the city of Dar es Salam. The paper also discusses socio-economic impacts caused by such flooding events. Descriptive research design guided the study. A questionnaire was administered to a sample population to collect numerical data while in-depth interviews were employed to collect qualitative information. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze data from the questionnaire whereas qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings show that topography, unplanned settlements, poor infrastructure to support rapid urbanization, poor institutional capacity, failure of local authorities to enforce land policies and legislation, centralization of land use planning, poverty, and lack of awareness are the main causes of persistent flooding events in the study area. The paper further identifies that destroyed businesses, properties damage, increased number of dependents, increased number of orphans, families separation, increased incidents of eruptional diseases, increased crime rate and increased immorality and people being subjected into deep poverty are some of the impacts of persistent floods in Dar es Salaam. The paper suggests that there should be efforts directed towards ensuring that policies are well implemented and legislation enforced in the interest of proper environmental management and sustainable development of the city.

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Towards a More Resilient Delhi: Rapid Urbanization and Climate Change

Journal of Extreme Events ◽

10.1142/s2345737618500148 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 05 (02n03) ◽

pp. 1850014

Author(s):

Jasdeep Singh

Keyword(s):

Research Question ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Global South ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Capital City ◽

Sample Population ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Apparent Lack ◽

The City ◽

Resilience Assessment

The discourse on resilient cities encapsulates various analogies, which are further constructed through the work of researchers in creation of several resilience assessment methodologies and toolkits. Despite the presence of numerous resilience assessment tools, there is an apparent lack of participation of residents of the global south within the assessment and iterative transformation processes. The situation, hence, is not truly represented through application of these tools in certain socio-political climates such as of India. Consistent economic growth of India has resulted in rapid urbanization of major cities. But, this has not been supplemented with proper planning, resulting in imbalances in all spheres of city infrastructure. Delhi, capital city of India, has been one of the worst hit cities. The hot seasons have caused thousands of fatalities in the past few years. An attempt is made to review the application of current resilience tools in Delhi against the backdrop of the sustainable development goals. In an attempt to improve the approach of these existing tools, an initial iteration is conducted, hinging on qualitative data obtained through surveying a sample population of the city and accessible quantitative metric data. Possible intervention scenarios are further suggested in view of aforementioned stressors and resilience scores. Research question: Where are the current resilience tools found lacking in the case of the global south, specifically in Delhi? How can the applicability of these tools be improved without compromising the deliverables yet ensuring an all-inclusive approach? Key findings: (1) The city is found lacking in adequate infrastructure facilities to its residents especially within the ambits of basic water and sanitation provision and healthcare services. (2) The city is relatively unprepared to face unforeseen events, both at the administrative and the grassroots levels. The lack of knowledge transfer and cooperation are largely evident.

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TATA RUANG KOTA CIAMIS PASCAPERDAGANGAN DUNIA ABAD KE-19 – 20

PANALUNGTIK ◽

10.24164/pnk.v1i1.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 41-60

Author(s):

Nanang Saptono

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Development Process ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Spatial Layout ◽

Research Data ◽

City Development ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Economic Infrastructure ◽

Ancient Maps ◽

The City

The capital of Ciamis Regency has experienced several displacements. During the reign of Raden Adipati Aria Kusumadiningrat the development of the capital was encouraged to develop into a city. After the kulturstelsel era, many European capitalists invested in Ciamis. At the beginning of the 20th century economic infrastructure, especially the means of distribution of commodities is much needed. Building economic facilities have sprung up in several locations in Ciamis. Such conditions result in the development of the city. This study aims to get a picture of the spatial layout of Ciamis and the city development process. The research method applied descriptive research. Data collection is done through direct observation in the field and accompanied by the utilization of instrument in the form of ancient maps. In the area of Ciamis City there are still some old building objects that can be used as a spatial bookmark of the city. At a glance the city's development spontaneously, but visible on the basis of existing infrastructure, in the 20th century the city of Ciamis showed a planned city. The growth of Ciamis city is of course influenced by several factors including economic and geographical factors.Keywords: city, layout, planned, industrial area

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KAJIAN NORMATIF KEBERADAAN TOKO MODERN DI KOTA SEMARANG

Hukum dan Masyarakat Madani ◽

10.26623/humani.v5i3.946 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Efi Yulistyowati ◽

Endah Pujiastuti

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Research Data ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Literature Study ◽

Normative Study ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Approach Method ◽

The City ◽

Collection Methods

ABSTRAKArtikel hasil penelitian tentang kajian normatif keberadaan toko modern di Kota Semarang akan mengkaji mengenai keberadaan toko modern di Kota Semarang apakah sudah memenuhi ketentuan dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 112 Tahun 2007. Untuk membahas permasalahan tersebut, metode pendekatan yang dipakai adalah yuridis normatif, dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis, metode pengumpulan datanya : studi dokumentasi dan studi kepustakaan, sedangkan metode analisis data yang dipergunakan adalah analisis kualitatif.Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan toko modern di Kota Semarang sudah memenuhi beberapa ketentuan yang ada dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 112 Tahun 2007, yang belum terpenuhi adalah : ketentuan Pasal 13 & Pasal 15 Peraturan Presiden Nomor 112 Tahun 2007.Articles of research on the normative study of the existence of modern stores in the city of Semarang will examine the existence of modern stores in the city of Semarang whether they have fulfilled the provisions in Presidential Regulation No. 112 of 2007. To discuss these problems, the approach method used is normative juridical, with the specifications of analytical descriptive research, data collection methods: documentation and literature study, while the data analysis method used is qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that the existence of a modern shop in Semarang City has fulfilled several provisions in the Presidential Regulation Number 112 of 2007, which has not been fulfilled are:provisions in Article 13 and provisions Article 15 of the Presidential Regulation Number 112 of 2007.Keywords: Study, Normative, Modern Shop, Semarang City.

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Academic Quality Compliance of Public Secondary Schools in the City Schools Division of San Jose Del Monte Bulacan: Input to Strengthen Institutional Profiling

AJARCDE | Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment ◽

10.29165/ajarcde.v4i2.53 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 37-40

Author(s):

Thelma Manabat

Keyword(s):

High Schools ◽

San Jose ◽

Academic Quality ◽

Quality Instruction ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

School Year ◽

Management Capability ◽

The City ◽

City Schools ◽

Promotion Rate

This study was conducted to determine the level of academic quality compliance of public secondary high schools and its predictors as input to strengthen institutional profiling. The respondents of the study were 167 teachers and school managers in (9) public secondary junior high schools in the City Schools Division of San Jose del Monte Bulacan for the School Year 2017-2018. The descriptive research design was used employing the predictive technique in determining the influence of respondents’ profile, institutions’ profile variables and the management capability factors as the academic quality compliance of the schools. The findings revealed that the schools’ academic quality compliance on leadership and governance is predicted by the NAT (Beta = .431), promotion rate (Beta= 1.170), and enrollment rate (Beta = .747). The management capability on quality instruction predicts the schools’ academic quality compliance on curriculum and learning (Beta = .971) and the academic quality compliance on accountability and continuous improvement is influenced by the management capability on quality instruction. The promotion rate of the school predicts the academic quality compliance of the school in the area of management of resources (Beta =.671). The hypothesis stating that the respondent's profile, institutional profile, and management capability, singly or combination predict the schools' academic quality compliance is partly sustained.

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BRANDING KULINER DI KOTA WISATA BERASTAGI KABUPATEN KARO ( STUDI KASUS DI WARUNG WAJIK PECEREN DAN WARUNG SARI TEBU BERASTAGI )

Jurnal Akademi Pariwisata Medan ◽

10.36983/japm.v1i2.40 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 69-73

Author(s):

Zaitun Zaitun

Keyword(s):

Sugar Cane ◽

Actual Condition ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Cane Juice ◽

Sugar Cane Juice ◽

The Family ◽

Data Collection Technique ◽

The City ◽

Research Type ◽

Made In

This research was conducted to find out how big the interest of tourists who come to visit wajik stalls and sugar cane juice sweet so that in know whether the two places are worthy made in culinary branding in the city of Berastagi tourism. The method used in this research is qualitative method with descriptive research type which explain the actual condition that happened in the field with data collection technique through observation, interview and documentation. Based on the results of the research can be in the know that in general the interest of visitors to enjoy the menu at the stall wajik peceren better in comparison the interest of visitors in sweet sugar cane stalls. The price offered in these two stalls is very relative and classified as not so expensive and visitors who come to stalls wajik peceren usually buy diamonds that are characteristic of the shop to be brought as by the family at home while the visitors who enjoy the menu at the sweet sugar cane where in general, visitors who come only enjoy the menu on offer, especially Berastagi sugar cane and not brought home as souvenir for the family.

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Real Time Multipurpose Smart Waste Classification Model for Efficient Recycling in Smart Cities Using Multilayer Convolutional Neural Network and Perceptron

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21144916 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (14) ◽

pp. 4916

Author(s):

Ali Usman Gondal ◽

Muhammad Imran Sadiq ◽

Tariq Ali ◽

Muhammad Irfan ◽

Ahmad Shaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Convolutional Neural Network ◽

Real Time ◽

Multilayer Perceptron ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Classification Model ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Metal Waste ◽

Waste Classification ◽

The City

Urbanization is a big concern for both developed and developing countries in recent years. People shift themselves and their families to urban areas for the sake of better education and a modern lifestyle. Due to rapid urbanization, cities are facing huge challenges, one of which is waste management, as the volume of waste is directly proportional to the people living in the city. The municipalities and the city administrations use the traditional wastage classification techniques which are manual, very slow, inefficient and costly. Therefore, automatic waste classification and management is essential for the cities that are being urbanized for the better recycling of waste. Better recycling of waste gives the opportunity to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills by reducing the need to collect new raw material. In this paper, the idea of a real-time smart waste classification model is presented that uses a hybrid approach to classify waste into various classes. Two machine learning models, a multilayer perceptron and multilayer convolutional neural network (ML-CNN), are implemented. The multilayer perceptron is used to provide binary classification, i.e., metal or non-metal waste, and the CNN identifies the class of non-metal waste. A camera is placed in front of the waste conveyor belt, which takes a picture of the waste and classifies it. Upon successful classification, an automatic hand hammer is used to push the waste into the assigned labeled bucket. Experiments were carried out in a real-time environment with image segmentation. The training, testing, and validation accuracy of the purposed model was 0.99% under different training batches with different input features.

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Trends and dynamics of material and energy flows in an urban context: a case study of a city with an emerging economy

Energy Sustainability and Society ◽

10.1186/s13705-021-00300-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Clara Inés Pardo Martínez ◽

William Alfonso Piña ◽

Angelo Facchini ◽

Alexander Cotte Poveda

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Population Growth ◽

Construction Materials ◽

The Other ◽

Material Flows ◽

Urban Context ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Urban Agglomerations ◽

Energy Flows ◽

The City

Abstract Background Currently, most of the world’s population lives in cities, and the rapid urbanization of the population is driving increases in the demand for products, goods and services. To effectively design policies for urban sustainability, it is important to understand the trends of flows in energy and materials as they enter and leave a city. This knowledge is essential for determining the key elements characterizing future urban growth and addressing future supply challenges. Methods This paper presents an analysis of the energy and material flows in the city of Bogotá over the time span from 2001 to 2017. Urban flows are also characterized in terms of their temporal evolution with respect to population growth to compare and identify the changes in the main input flows, wealth production, emissions and waste in the city. Results The results of the analysis are then compared with those for other selected large urban agglomerations in Latin America and worldwide to highlight similarities and make inferences. The results show that in Bogotá, there was a decrease in some of the material flows, such as the consumption of water and the generation of discharge, in recent years, while there was an increase in the consumption of energy and cement and in the production of CO2 emissions and construction materials. Solid waste production remained relatively stable. With respect to the other large cities considered, we observe that the 10-year growth rates of the flows with respect to population growth are lower in Bogotá, particularly when compared with the other urban agglomerations in Latin America. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for advancing characterizations of the trends of material and energy flows in cities, and they contribute to the establishment of a benchmark that allows for the definition and evaluation of the different impacts of public policy while promoting the sustainability of Bogotá in the coming decades.

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Seasonal Variations of Daytime Land Surface Temperature and Their Underlying Drivers over Wuhan, China

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13020323 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 323

Author(s):

Liang Chen ◽

Xuelei Wang ◽

Xiaobin Cai ◽

Chao Yang ◽

Xiaorong Lu

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Maximum Temperature Difference ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

Rapid urbanization greatly alters land surface vegetation cover and heat distribution, leading to the development of the urban heat island (UHI) effect and seriously affecting the healthy development of cities and the comfort of living. As an indicator of urban health and livability, monitoring the distribution of land surface temperature (LST) and discovering its main impacting factors are receiving increasing attention in the effort to develop cities more sustainably. In this study, we analyzed the spatial distribution patterns of LST of the city of Wuhan, China, from 2013 to 2019. We detected hot and cold poles in four seasons through clustering and outlier analysis (based on Anselin local Moran’s I) of LST. Furthermore, we introduced the geographical detector model to quantify the impact of six physical and socio-economic factors, including the digital elevation model (DEM), index-based built-up index (IBI), modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), population, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on the LST distribution of Wuhan. Finally, to identify the influence of land cover on temperature, the LST of croplands, woodlands, grasslands, and built-up areas was analyzed. The results showed that low temperatures are mainly distributed over water and woodland areas, followed by grasslands; high temperatures are mainly concentrated over built-up areas. The maximum temperature difference between land covers occurs in spring and summer, while this difference can be ignored in winter. MNDWI, IBI, and NDVI are the key driving factors of the thermal values change in Wuhan, especially of their interaction. We found that the temperature of water area and urban green space (woodlands and grasslands) tends to be 5.4 °C and 2.6 °C lower than that of built-up areas. Our research results can contribute to the urban planning and urban greening of Wuhan and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the city.

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Historic city, tourism performance and development: The balance of social behaviours in the city of Santiago de Compostela (Spain)

Tourism and Hospitality Research ◽

10.1177/1467358415578473 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 282-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Belén Mª Castro Fernández ◽

Rubén Camilo Lois González ◽

Lucrezia Lopez

Keyword(s):

Numerical Data ◽

City Centre ◽

City Development ◽

Santiago De Compostela ◽

Final Destination ◽

City Tourism ◽

Set Up ◽

Historic City ◽

The City ◽

The Way

Santiago de Compostela is an iconic place. From the 9th century through to the present day the city has acted as the final destination of a major pilgrimage route named after it. In the article we ask ourselves how the contemporary reinvention of the pilgrimage and pilgrimages on the Way of St. James has boosted tourism development in the city. Development has been concentrated in the historic city centre and in the area around the cathedral. The importance of tourism has transformed the significance of the city itself, which acquires a magical component as a place of arrival and encounter for all kinds of visitors. The historic city has been set up in the 20th century as a destination for the Way and for cultural tourism. The buildings, particularly those connected with the pilgrimage route, become highly attractive and symbolic places and tourists carry out a number of rituals in them. They travel and enjoy Santiago as a unique experience. The study of tourism and of the tourist transformation of Santiago de Compostela is undertaken using a qualitative and quantitative method. The article analyses the heritage and symbolic value of the historic centre, together with the growth of its tourism activities. Numerical data are also provided on the perceptions and behaviour of visitors using surveys carried out by the city's Tourism Observatory.

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Road Safety in Developing Countries - The Case of Transportation Management in Dar Es Salaam City

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1806 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 178-181 ◽

pp. 1806-1814

Author(s):

Philemon Kazimil Mzee ◽

Yan Chen

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Traffic Control ◽

Road Safety ◽

Road Traffic ◽

High Growth ◽

Dar Es Salaam ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Policy Objective ◽

Transportation Management ◽

Transport Services

Countries of the developing world are characterized by rapid urbanization, high growth rates in traffic and congestion and decreasing regulation of public transport. Because the majority of the developing world's inhabitants are dependent on public transport services for their mobility needs, the need for safe, effective and efficient public transport is essential to ensure adequate, affordable, accessibility and the continuing sustainable development of livelihoods in the rural and urban. Finally, recommendations are made to reduce both the severity and number of public transport accidents in the future. This paper highlights the historical road safety and the transportation management in Dar es Salaam. In the field of road traffic control and management, the primary policy objective is to develop appropriate institutional and organizational arrangement towards further efficient road use.

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