Drenov Grič black limestone: a heritage stone from Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 486 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Kramar ◽  
Nina Žbona ◽  
Mojca Bedjanič ◽  
Ana Mladenović ◽  
Boštjan Rožič
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Salt Weathering ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Natural Feature ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Natural Stones ◽  
Natural Monument ◽  
Micritic Limestone ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

AbstractDrenov Grič black limestone is considered to be one of the most beautiful Slovenian natural stones due to its black colour interwoven with white veins. Over the centuries, it has been extracted from two major quarries located west of Ljubljana. One of these quarries has been declared a valuable natural feature of national importance and is protected as a natural monument. This well-stratified, Triassic (Carnian) micritic limestone occurs in 10–80 cm thick beds with thin marl interlayers. The limestone occasionally contains abundant fossil bivalves, gastropods and ostracods. It is relatively rich in carbonaceous and bituminous organic matter, which is responsible for the black colour of the stone. The stone has been widely used in Slovenian monuments. Many indoor and outdoor architectural elements have been constructed using this limestone, particularly during the Baroque period, which was known for its extensive use of black limestones in other European countries as well. The most significant use of this limestone has been recorded in sculpted portals and altars. Some important buildings, which were decorated utilizing this stone, have been declared cultural monuments of local or national importance. Use of this limestone was also documented in other European countries (Italy, Austria, Serbia) and worldwide (USA). When exposed to climatic influences, chromatic and salt weathering are recognized as the main deterioration phenomena for this limestone when used in monuments.

scholarly journals Heritage Stone 7. Pohorje Granodiorite – One of the Most Significant Slovenian Natural Stones

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Sabina Kramar ◽  
Mirka Trajanova ◽  
Matej Dolenec ◽  
Maja Gutman ◽  
Mojca Bedjanič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Natural Stone ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Special Character ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Natural Stones ◽  
The University ◽  
Cultural Monuments

Granodiorite from the Pohorje Mountains (northeastern Slovenia) is considered the highest quality natural stone in Slovenia. Pohorje granodiorite is a grey, calc-alkaline igneous rock of Miocene age (18.7 Ma) that is distinguished by thick white aplite−pegmatite veins. It mainly consists of plagioclase, quartz, and K-feldspar, subsidiary biotite and a small amount of hornblende. It is characterized by high density, low water absorption, and low porosity, so that it exhibits high frost and salt resistance, as well as a high compressive strength and a very high flexural strength. It is widely recognized throughout the country for its durability and decorative white veins, and is the most frequently used natural stone in Slovenia today. It is mainly used as paving and cladding material for residential buildings, churches, and other structures, as well as in public areas, where it adds special character to many of the larger towns and cities. Several important buildings, some of which have been declared cultural monuments of national importance, are also decorated with this stone, including the Slovenian Parliament, the Republic Square business complex, and the Faculty of Law of the University of Ljubljana, all of which are located in Ljubljana. Since 1940, Pohorje granodiorite has also been widely used by sculptors in various monuments and fountains. RÉSUMÉLe granodiorite des montagnes de Pohorje (nord de la Slovénie) est considéré comme la meilleure pierre naturelle de Slovénie. Le granodiorite de Pohorje est une roche ignée grise, calco-alcaline du Miocène (18,7 Ma) qui se distingue par la présence d’épais filons de pegmatites d’aplite blanche. Il se compose principalement de plagioclase, de quartz et de feldspath potassique, de biotite accessoire et d’une petite quantité d'amphibole. Elle est caractérisée par une densité élevée, un faible coefficient d’imbibition, et une porosité faible, de sorte qu'elle présente une haute résistance au gel et au sel, ainsi qu’une résistance élevée à la compression et une résistance très élevée à la flexion. Elle est très connue dans tout le pays pour sa durabilité et ses filons décoratifs blancs, et c’est la pierre naturelle la plus fréquemment utilisée en Slovénie de nos jours. Elle est principalement utilisée comme matériau de pavage et de revêtement pour les bâtiments résidentiels, les églises et autres constructions, ainsi que dans les espaces publics, où elle donne un caractère distinctif aux grands villages et aux villes. Plusieurs bâtiments importants, dont certains ont été déclarés monuments culturels d'importance nationale, sont également décorées avec cette pierre, y compris le Parlement slovène, le complexe d'affaires Place de la République, et la Faculté de droit de l'Université de Ljubljana, lesquels sont tous situés à Ljubljana. Depuis 1940, le granodiorite de Pohorje a aussi été beaucoup utilisé par les sculpteurs dans divers monuments et fontaines.Traduit par le Traducteur

scholarly journals Rekreacijske dejavnosti na območju Slavnika – analiza mnenj izbranih deležnikov

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojca Cencič ◽  
Miha Koderman ◽  
Valentina Brečko Grubar
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Plant ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Hiking Trails ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Natural Monument

Območje Slavnika je zaradi redkih in endemičnih rastlinskih in živalskih vrst zavarovano kot naravni spomenik državnega pomena. Z opazovanjem stanja na terenu in intervjuji s ključnimi deležniki smo preučili obremenitve okolja, ki nastajajo zaradi izvajanja različnih rekreacijskih dejavnosti ter opredelili pomanjkljivosti v upravljanju in sodelovanju deležnikov. Ugotovili smo, da se posledice množičnega obiska in različnih rekreacijskih dejavnosti najbolj kažejo v eroziji poti, poškodbah rastlinstva in onesnaženju z odpadki. Za trajnostni razvoj rekreacijskih dejavnosti na Slavniku bi bilo potrebno sodelovanje vseh »uporabnikov«, ozaveščanje in informiranje obiskovalcev, ključno vlogo pa bi morale prevzeti tudi pristojne lokalne in državne ustanove s sprejetjem ustreznih sistemskih rešitev. //   The area of Slavnik is protected as a natural monument of national importance due to the rare and endemic plant and animal species. The authors examined the environmental impacts of various recreational activities in this area by observing the situation along the hiking trails and with interviewing key stakeholders. Apart from most evident consequences of intense visitation and different recreational activities, such as soil erosion, vegetation damage, and waste pollution, the study identified inadequate environmental management and poor cooperation of stakeholders. The sustainable development of recreational activities in the Slavnik area would require the participation of all "users", as well as informing and raising awareness of visitors. Local and state institutions should also participate and take a more prominent role by adopting effective system solutions.

scholarly journals Aspek-Aspek Arsitektur Kolonial Belanda Pada Bangunan Pendopo Puri Mangkunegaran Surakarta

Arsitektura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
S Samsudi ◽  
Agung Kumoro W ◽  
Dyah Susilowati Pradnya Paramita ◽  
Anita Dianingrum
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
European Countries ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Architectural Element ◽  
Floor Plans ◽  
Pillar Structure ◽  
Dutch Colonial

<p class="Abstract"><em>Dutch colonial architecture that developed in Indonesia, throughout the colonial period (around the 17<sup>th</sup> century to 1942) was a combination of colonial and local culture to respond to the Indonesian climate. Dutch colonial architecture in Indonesia is a work of Dutch colonial heritage in Indonesia during the colonial period. The result was the Dutch East Indies style with a "colonial" image and adapted to the local environment that responded to climate. Colonial architecture grafted architecture from European countries into colonies. The aspects of Dutch colonial architecture in the "Pendopo Puri Mangkunegran" building were studied to find out the elements of Dutch colonial architecture. "Pendopo Puri Mangkunegarn" is a vernacular architecture / Javanese architecture with a pillar structure system, allegedly there is an architectural element from the outside due to acculturation. The results of this study will be encouraged to know aspects of Dutch colonial architecture in the "Pendopo Puri Mangkunegaran" building from aspects of floor plans, structures, materials and other architectural elements. The results of this study are also expected to contribute knowledge in the field of architecture related to acculturation of foreign cultures that have an impact on local architecture.</em></p>

scholarly journals Starunya: from geological monument to nature UNESCO geopark

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Oleh M. Adamenko ◽  
Macej Kotarba ◽  
Kateryna O. Radlowska ◽  
Mykola I. Mosiuk ◽  
Valery G. Omelchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
National Importance ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Native Nature ◽  
Natural Monument ◽  
The Village

One of the natural wonders of Prykarpatya is the village Starunia – with embalmed in ozokerite and well-preserved carcasses of mammoths and hairy rhinos and an active mud volcano, will undoubtedly delight us with new exploratory discoveries in the field of geology, paleontology and archeology. It is possible that here, together with large fossil mammals of the Ice Age, the remains of hunters on them – our ancestors Cro-Magnons – could be preserved. This discovery would have, without the slightest exaggeration, an international dimension. Therefore, it is necessary to continue the comprehensive study of Starunia, to promote it among environmentalists, scientists, students and schoolchildren. All this develops a love for native nature, encourages the preservation of its unique objects and historical and cultural heritage.The preparation of "Starunia" for the UNESCO World Geoparks Network by specialists of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas (IFNTUNG) in accordance with UNESCO requirements is highlighted by UNESCO Geoparks Program.According to these requirements to give the geological monument of nature "Starunia" the status of "geopark" it is necessary to study and give a standard description of all components of the environment: geological environment and endogeodynamic processes, relief (geomorphosphere) and dangerous exogeodynamic processes, hydro- and atmosphere, soil and plants cover, social environment, technosphere and their anthropogenic changes; assess the current environmental situation and develop environmental protection measures. This is not yet the case.In order to further study "Starunia" in IFNTUNG developed Regional Comprehensive Program for 2022–2023 "Starunia: from a natural monument to the geopark of the Ice Age", which was transferred to the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional State Administration and the Regional Council.Thus, the world-famous geological natural monument of national importance "Starunia" deserves a separate national program and shorter deadlines for its implementation, which would allow including "Starunia" in the world network of UNESCO geoparks.

scholarly journals GELANGGANG REMAJA DI MUARA TEWEH (MUARA TEWEH YOUTH CENTERS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Findara Illa Nursyifa ◽  
Pakhri Anhar
Keyword(s):  
Academic Education ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Youth Centers ◽  
Outdoor Space ◽  
Atmosphere Dynamic ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The importance of non-academic education for teenagers is considered no less important in order to the development of various potentials within them. Teenagers in Muara Teweh were considered quite enthusiastic for participating in various types of activities. However, there are some that are known to be frequent obstacles, including the unavailability of place and facilities, and environments that tend to be determinative. This situation is feared will reduce the interest of teenagers in exploring their potential interests and talents more freely. This is the background of the need to procure a place in the form of a youth center that has a function for accommodating these development activities but also offers a fun atmosphere, dynamic and flexible, so that teens can comfortably carry out their activities. The method that is used is an architectural psychology approach by observing the characteristics of teenagers as a design reference. This is manifested by the concept of a youth cultural space that is applied to architectural elements in both indoor and outdoor space.

Non-smokers’ and smokers’ support for smoke-free legislation in 14 indoor and outdoor settings across 12 European countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 112224
Author(s):  
Sarah O. Nogueira ◽  
Marcela Fu ◽  
Alessandra Lugo ◽  
Olena Tigova ◽  
Elisabet Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

A Typology of Caregiving Situations and Service Use in Family Carers of Older People in Six European Countries

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Di Rosa ◽  
Christopher Kofahl ◽  
Kevin McKee ◽  
Barbara Bień ◽  
Giovanni Lamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Older People ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Service Use ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Typology Of Care

This paper presents the EUROFAMCARE study findings, examining a typology of care situations for family carers of older people, and the interplay of carers with social and health services. Despite the complexity of family caregiving situations across Europe, our analyses determined the existence of seven “caregiving situations,” varying on a range of critical indicators. Our study also describes the availability and use of different support services for carers and care receivers, and carers’ preferences for the characteristics of support services. Our findings have relevance for policy initiatives in Europe, where limited resources need to be more equitably distributed and services should be targeted to caregiving situations reflecting the greatest need, and organized to reflect the preferences of family carers.

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