EchoSpot

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jie Lian ◽  
Jiadong Lou ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Xu Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Localization Errors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Direct Reflection

Indoor localization has played a significant role in facilitating a collection of emerging applications in the past decade. This paper presents a novel indoor localization solution via inaudible acoustic sensing, called EchoSpot, which relies on only one speaker and one microphone that are readily available on audio devices at households. We program the speaker to periodically send FMCW chirps at 18kHz-23kHz and leverage the co-located microphone to capture the reflected signals from the body and the wall for analysis. By applying the normalized cross-correlation on the transmitted and received signals, we can estimate and profile their time-of-flights (ToFs). We then eliminate the interference from device imperfection and environmental static objects, able to identify the ToFs corresponding to the direct reflection from human body. In addition, a new solution to estimate the ToF from wall reflection is designed, assisting us in spotting a human location in the two-dimensional space. We implement EchoSpot on three different types of speakers, e.g., Amazon Echo, Edifier R1280DB, and Logitech z200, and deploy them in real home environments for evaluation. Experimental results exhibit that EchoSpot achieves the mean localization errors of 4.1cm, 9.2cm, 13.1cm, 17.9cm, 22.2cm, respectively, at 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m, and 5m, comparable to results from the state-of-the-arts while maintaining favorable advantages.

scholarly journals Learning Techniques for Pre-Malignancy Detection in Human Cells a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-561
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Premalignant Disease

Cancer is uncontrolled cell growth which starts consuming cell nourishment and keeps on multiplying indefinably. There are 100 plus different types of cancers that may affect any part of the body. In the past 26 years, the cancer incidence rate has been changed drastically in India. To control it early-stage detection of cancer plays a very important role. Early-stage detection of cancer helps in better diagnosis will also lower the chances of dying due to this deadly disease. It will impact considerably on the patient’s recovery when it is more treatable. Early Cancer detection or premalignant disease detection in the human body is possible through screening tests. Several screening methods have been tested, applied and proven to be very much efficient in reducing death rate due to cancer. This paper survey’s how learning techniques can be efficiently applied, tested and showed promising results in early-stage cancer detection through several screening methods.

Pre-Raphaelite Poetry

2020 ◽  
pp. 553-567
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Helsinger
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Dante Gabriel Rossetti ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Arts ◽  
New Directions

Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Morris in the early stages of their careers sought to turn modern poetry in new directions by reinterpreting both the body and the spirit of the arts practised in Europe and Britain before Raphael. Four things marked their encounter with the past. First, both went directly to primary sources. Second, they began by making their own translations, verbal or visual; the act of translating brought to consciousness the particularities of both past and present. Third, both moved from translation to pastiche and invention, finding new ways to use the past to create in the present the shock of the new. And finally, these activities were shared projects, fired by the exchange of work and ideas among a circle of family, friends, and fellow artists and poets.

scholarly journals Circulating Transthyretin is a Systems Biomarker: Retrospective Clinical Evaluations in 48 Types of Human Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiliang Wang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Yiran Zhang ◽  
Yixiong He ◽  
Fengxiang Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Most human diseases are systems diseases, and systems biomarkers will be powerful tools in facilitating the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment effect monitoring of systems diseases. Circulating transthyretin (TTR) or prealbumin, one of the commonly ordered blood tests, has been indicated as a biomarker for cancers and non-cancer diseases. To test if TTR were a systems biomarker and the mechanisms of its regulation, TTR concentrations in 48 different types of human diseases and healthy controls were systematically analyzed in the current study.Methods: Serum TTR concentration was determined by the standard "Immune turbidimetric method" in the clinical laboratory of our hospital. TTR data from 137,305 independent tests of patients with 48 clinically defined diseases and 3,387 tests from healthy individuals who came to the hospital for physical examination during the past five years were retrieved. All data were statistically analyzed with SPSS v26, RStudio V.1.3.1073, and python libraries 3.8.Results: The mean and median values of serum TTR concentrations were significantly decreased (p<0.001) in 47 out of 48 diseases. However, the dynamic TTR concentration ranges were far exceeded that in healthy controls, including patients suffering uremia, the only disease that had significantly increased (p<0.001) TTR mean and median values. ROC analyses showed that TTR was a decent biomarker (AUC > 0.6) for 40 out of 48 diseases, and the highest AUCs were observed in sepsis (AUC 0.97), cirrhosis (AUC 0.97), and pancreatitis (AUC 0.94). Remarkably, the eight diseases with AUC < 0.6 were mainly kidney- and blood-related diseases with unconventional ROC curves and broad TTR concentration ranges. Furthermore, similar TTR concentration distributing patterns were present in the same category of diseases, such as different types of cancers, liver-related diseases, blood-related cancers and diseases, vascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and kidney diseases.Conclusions: Significantly decreased TTR mean and median values were common in 47 out of 48 human diseases. The liver, kidney, blood, and pancreas were the major organs involved in regulating TTR concentrations. Systems swings between catabolic and anabolic phases explained the different dynamic TTR concentration ranges in different diseases. Overall facts plus ROC analysis indicated that TTR was a systems biomarker instead of a prognosis or malnutrition indicator used clinically during the past.

Investigating the effects of combinations of irregularities on seismic ductility demands and mean response for four-span RC bridges considering displacement direction

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sajed ◽  
Payam Tehrani
Keyword(s):  
Time History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Displacement Direction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Support Conditions ◽  
Irregular Bridges ◽  
Ground Motion Records ◽  
The Impact

The effects of combinations of different types of irregularities have not been studied in details in the past and current seismic design codes do not address this issue appropriately. In this research, 76 regular and irregular bridges with irregularities in both superstructure and substructure were designed and evaluated to investigate the impact of combinations of irregularities on the seismic ductility demands. The irregularity parameters considered in this study include irregularities in span arrangement, different lengths of columns, different abutments support conditions and different stiffness of superstructure. The bridges were designed and checked according to AASHTO provisions. Inelastic time history analysis was conducted using OpenSees software and ductility demands in bridge columns for different bridge configurations were predicted. Predictions of ductility demands were based on the mean responses obtained using a number of ground motion records. Finally, the effect of considering displacement directions in predicting the mean bridge response (i.e., using different methods for predicting the mean response) for irregular and regular bridges was investigated. The results indicate that the combinations of irregularities can significantly increase the ductility demands in some cases compared to the case of regular bridges.

scholarly journals Body mass index, obstruction of the airflow, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index as predictor of the severity of exacerbations and systemic involvement in patients with COPD

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Ishwar Hasabi ◽  
Ashok Kumar Gudagunti ◽  
Arathy S.
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bode Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Background: Allocation of the limited resources to the needed patients and decision making regarding timely interventions demand development of a reliable, cost effective, simple assessment tool. Several studies propose body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise (BODE) index for this purpose in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of this study was to assess the utility of BODE index to predict the severity of exacerbations and systemic involvement in COPD.Methods: A Present hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 100 COPD patients. BODE index was used to assess the patients and its association was studied with various variables. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.Results: As the body index class of severity increases, the number of hospitalizations required in the past also increases and this association is statistically significant. As the severity of the disease increased as indicated by the class the mean number of exacerbations in the past increased and this association was found out to be statistically significant. As the severity of the disease increased as indicated by the class level, the mean number of days of hospitalization increased. But this increase was of small difference and hence on one-way ANOVA test was not found out to be statistically significant. As the pack years increases, the BODE index increases significantly (p value <0.001).  As the severity of the disease increased, the mean body mass index decreased. Haemoglobin level was found to decrease with increase in BODE index class of severity. This association was statistically significant.Conclusions: The BODE index has been found to be a very good tool to assess the prognosis of COPD as well as severity of acute exacerbations.

scholarly journals Order, Disobedience and Power in Kieslowski’s Dekalog

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-168
Author(s):  
Janet Barış
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ten Commandments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The Dekalog series, comprised of ten films made by Kieslowski in 1989-90 for the Polish TV, inspired by the Ten Commandments (Decalogues) in the Torah, treats the goodness and innocence of human beings, as well as the evilness and anxiety. Generally, as a common element in all films of the series, appears the triangle of order-submission-disobedience and the power field becomes a tide moving back and forth between different characters. According to Foucault, power is perceived differently today, compared to the past. In the earlier times, power was perceived to be the rulership of a king over its subjects, while today, different types of power exist. Foucault argues that the punishment directed towards the body before is now directed to the soul. The discourse in the Ten Commandments that directs people what to do and what not overlaps the Foucauldian definition of power and the punishment of the soul. This phenomenon appears in every film of the series differently, through the characters and the plot. This article’s objective is to examine Kieslowski’s Dekalog series through the relationship between order, submission and power, and to discuss the effects of this relationship over the characters.

SECULAR CHANGES IN HEIGHT, BODY WEIGHT, BODY MASS INDEX AND PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT IN MALE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN KRAKOW, POLAND

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŁUKASZ KRYST ◽  
MAŁGORZATA KOWAL ◽  
AGNIESZKA WORONKOWICZ ◽  
JAN SOBIECKI ◽  
BARBARA ANNA CICHOCKA
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secular Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThis study examined the secular changes in height, body weight, body mass index and pubertal development in male children and adolescents in Krakow (Poland) over the past 80 years, with an emphasis on the last decade (2000–2010). The survey of the population of Krakow is a continuation of observations conducted in that area for many years. The analysis aims to determine whether in the last decade Krakow still witnessed the secular trend, and what form the trend took. The body height and weight, and body mass index (BMI), of 1862 boys aged 3.5–18.5 years were analysed, against the background of a survey series from the years 1938 (N=1801), 1971 (N=2045), 1983 (N=3124) and 2000 (N=2328). The mean body height, in almost all age categories, was greater than in the past; however the final height over the last decade remained the same. The mean values of body weight and BMI increased, especially in the last decade. Also, an acceleration of puberty in boys was observed. The last 10 years saw an over 3-month decrease in the age of initial appearance of pubic hair in boys. In conclusion, the last decade saw cessation of the growing taller trend: maximum body height stabilized at approximately 179 cm, but weight and BMI increased. Also, a distinct acceleration of puberty was noticed. Lack of height increase, at the same time as weight gain and puberty acceleration, indicate a progressing developmental disharmony.

scholarly journals Measurements of debris flow velocity through cross-correlation of instrumentation data

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arattano ◽  
L. Marchi
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Ground Vibration ◽  
Front Velocity ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensors ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Detection of debris flow occurrence can be efficiently obtained through different types of sensors. A pair of ultrasonic sensors placed at a known distance from each other along a torrent have been used as a method to obtain mean front velocity of debris-flows, in addition to their use as detectors of debris flow occurrence. Also seismic and acoustic sensors have been employed to measure debris-flow front velocity and discharge in the same manner. In order to obtain velocity measurements, however, these methods require the presence of a well identifiable and defined main front in the debris flow wave. The time lag between the recordings of the front of the wave at two consecutive stations allows an estimation of its mean velocity. When a well-defined front is not present and no recurrent feature can be found along the wave, the measurement of velocity may prove difficult. The cross-correlation technique may help identifying the mean velocity of the flow in such cases. In fact, cross correlation allows to determine the mean time lag elapsed between the recording of two sets of data of the same event at different positions. This technique may be also used to measure velocity using signals coming from different types of sensors, for instance where a ground vibration detector has been placed along a torrent where an ultrasonic sensor was already present or viceversa. An application has been made using field data recorded through seismic and ultrasonic sensors in a small instrumented catchment in the Italian Alps (Moscardo Torrent).

scholarly journals Response Triggered Architecture for E-Payment Examined for General Purpose Transaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Akomolafe Dipo Theophilus ◽  
Adeola Oladele Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
System Prototype

The explosive growth in internet coupled with advancement in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has made business transactions much easier than it used to be in the past. For example, e-commerce has particularly benefited from the introduction of GSM system. One of the major challenges, however, is how to isolate fraudulent transactions from genuine businesses. This becomes more imperative as the advancement in ICT has brought with it fraud and related scams. In this work, we examined different types of e-commerce as well as the challenges being encountered in the course of daily transactions. We took advantage of the current trends in mobile communication networks, particularly GSM and proposed a system based on Response Triggered Architecture for electronic transaction. Our proposed system is platform independent which means only little modification is needed when switching from one platform to another. We used Visual.basic.net and knowledge in fraud for our system prototype and presented the results in the body of this work.

The motion of a lunar orbiter

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Y. Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Close Satellite ◽  
The Mean

The motion of an artificial satellite around the Moon is much more complicated than that around the Earth, since the shape of the Moon is a triaxial ellipsoid and the effect of the Earth on the motion is very important even for a very close satellite.The differential equations of motion of the satellite are written in canonical form of three degrees of freedom with time depending Hamiltonian. By eliminating short-periodic terms depending on the mean longitude of the satellite and by assuming that the Earth is moving on the lunar equator, however, the equations are reduced to those of two degrees of freedom with an energy integral.Since the mean motion of the Earth around the Moon is more rapid than the secular motion of the argument of pericentre of the satellite by a factor of one order, the terms depending on the longitude of the Earth can be eliminated, and the degree of freedom is reduced to one.Then the motion can be discussed by drawing equi-energy curves in two-dimensional space. According to these figures satellites with high inclination have large possibilities of falling down to the lunar surface even if the initial eccentricities are very small.The principal properties of the motion are not changed even if plausible values ofJ3andJ4of the Moon are included.This paper has been published in Publ. astr. Soc.Japan15, 301, 1963.

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