A multimedia CD-ROM tool to improve student understanding of bile salts and bilirubin metabolism: evaluation of its use in a medical hybrid PBL course

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samy A. Azer
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
Hepatobiliary Transport ◽  
Bilirubin Metabolism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
University Degree

Over the last 35 years our understanding of bile salts, bilirubin metabolism, and hepatobiliary transport has progressively increased. From 1965 to the end of 2002, 3,610 articles and review papers have been published on hepatobiliary and enterocyte transport of bile salts. However, there is a lack of information in the content of current textbooks about hepatobiliary physiology, bile salt transporters, bile formation, mechanisms underlying cholestasis, and drug-induced liver injury. The use of an integrated multimedia program on the liver covering these gaps in textbooks may be useful to student learning. This study aims to 1) assess student views on a multimedia CD-ROM (“The Liver”) integrating basic and clinical sciences related to the liver, bile salts, and bilirubin metabolism, 2) assess the usefulness of problem-based learning (PBL) cases included in the multimedia CD-ROM, and 3) assess student learning before and after use of the multimedia CD-ROM. A total of 106 first-year medical students (27 with and 79 without a prior university degree) at the University of Melbourne participated in this study. Students were tested on the liver, bile salts, and bilirubin metabolism before and after using the multimedia CD-ROM. After completing the multimedia CD-ROM, each student filled out a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire evaluating the features of the program and its usefulness to their learning. Results show that the aims of the package were clear to participants, the contents were logically organized and clear, the key concepts were easy to identify, the contents were pitched to an appropriate level, and the package was interactive and encouraged participants to reflect on their learning. Students also agreed that the assessment tools used in the program and the feedback provided were meaningful and helpful to their learning. No differences were found when responses were compared on the basis of academic background, gender, citizenship, or first language of participants. Students agreed that the PBL cases in the CD-ROM kept them engaged, were useful to their learning, and matched with the overall philosophy of the program. Compared with graduate-entry students (those with a prior university degree), school leavers (those with no prior university degree) showed a more positive attitude toward the PBL cases included in the multimedia CD-ROM and agreed that cases kept them engaged ( P = 0.033). Students who completed the test after using the multimedia CD-ROM scored higher compared with those who completed the test before using the multimedia CD-ROM ( P <0.001). In conclusion, using bile salts, bilirubin metabolism, and their hepatobiliary transport as an example, the incorporation of a multimedia CD-ROM into the first-year medical course has the potential to improve student understanding of the main concepts in a variety of body systems.

scholarly journals Assessment in the One-Shot Session: Using Pre- and Post-tests to Measure Innovative Instructional Strategies among First-Year Students

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacalyn E. Bryan ◽  
Elana Karshmer
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The One ◽  
University Experience ◽  
The University

Many studies focus on the use of different assessment tools within information literacy instruction; however, there are very few that discuss how pre- and post-tests can be used to gauge student learning, and even fewer of those published deal with pre- and post-test assessment within the one-shot paradigm. This study explores the effectiveness of using nonlinguistic representations—kinesthetic, graphic, and physical models—in one-shot library sessions for first-year students in SLU 100 Introduction to the University Experience. As hypothesized, the findings suggest that the use of such representations can enhance student learning and assist in developing research skills that are essential to acquiring information literacy.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE SCALE STEM PROBLEM DATABASES FOR STUDENT LEARNING AND ASSESSMENT TOOLS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Davis ◽  
S.A. Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
First Year ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Large Problem ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Composition Problem

Problem databases in STEM courses are used in tools for the development of student learning andfinal assessment. In addition, large problem databases are used to develop models for automatic assessment and feedback of students’ work. However, the availability of large, open source, problem databases for specificcourses is limited, and in-house development of a wide variety of problems can take years. In this paper, theframework for a problem database in STEM courses was created using semantic analysis of sentence structure and composition. Problem statements were analyzed to determine the key grammatical constructs that are used in commonly posed problems. Based on this analysis, software was developed to create large problemdatabases which allow for simple extension to other courses. Using a first-year mechanics course this softwarewas populated with a few generalized question and sentence structures to create a large problem database.

scholarly journals Perkembangan Model Mental Mahasiswa pada Penggunaan Bahan Ajar Kesetimbangan Kimia berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Faizah Qurrata Aini ◽  
Zonalia Fitriza ◽  
Fauzana Gazali ◽  
Mawardi Mawardi ◽  
Ghery Priscylio
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
First Year ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning ◽  
Formal Instruction ◽  
Before And After

This research aimed to analyze students' mental models in chemical equilibrium before and after using guided inquiry-based learning material. The instrument used was a conceptual test which has been developed by Bergquist and Heikkinen. This test was taken before and after formal instruction using the learning material. Responses were obtained from 30 first-year students of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science of UNP which taking general chemistry course in 2017/2018 even semester using purposive sampling. Student answers to this test were analyzed descriptively. From this research, student understanding increase after using the learning material. The highest increasing is in equilibrium shifting stoichiometry concept. This gaining correlated to students� mental model development. The results of this study indicated that in general there has been a development of students�' mental models before and after using this learning material. Although, not all students� model mental are appropriate to scientific concepts in chemical equilibrium.

EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) BERBANTUAN MEDIA KARTU SOAL PADA SUB MATERI IKATAN KOVALEN KELAS X MIA DI SMA ISLAM HARUNIYAH PONTIANAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfadhli Abdillah
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Team Games ◽  
Bonding Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tenth Grade

 This  study  is  motivated  by  the  low  learning  outcomes  in  the  Sub-covalent  Bond class of tenth-grade students, SMA Islam Haruniyah Pontianak. This problem is due to the  lack  of  students'  understanding  of  the  concept  of  Covalent  Bonds.  Therefore,  a proper learning model is required to improve students’ understanding of Covalent Bond concepts  based  on  the  characteristics  of  both  learning  materials    and  students.  This study  aimed  to  investigate  the  differences  in  the  student  learning  outcomes  and  the effectiveness of the question card-based on TGT learning in the Sub-covalent Bonding material. Using the pre-experimental method of one-group pretest-posttest design, the tenth-grade  students  of  Math  and  Science  Class  of  SMS  Islam  Haruniyah  Pontianak participated in this study. The data collection tools used were learning outcomes tests, observation sheets, and interview sheets. The results of data analysis revealed that the average  pretest  score  was  36  and  the  posttest  was  62.94.  In  addition,  the  t-test statistical  analysis  indicated  a  significance  value  of  0.00  (0.00  <0.05)  which  meanth that there were differences in student learning outcomes between before and after the question  card-based  TGT  learning  model  implemented.  The  gain  value  was  0.42.  In other words, the  question card-based on TGT learning model is effective in improving the student  learning outcomes with good category. Keywords: Covalent Bond, Question Card, Team Games Tournament (TGT)

A Long-Term Study of What Best Predicts Graduating From University Versus Leaving Prior to Graduation

2021 ◽  
pp. 152102512098799
Author(s):  
Teena Willoughby ◽  
Victoria W. Dykstra ◽  
Taylor Heffer ◽  
Joelle Braccio ◽  
Hamnah Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Enrollment Status ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
University Degree ◽  
The University

Despite the importance of obtaining a university degree, retention rates remain a concern for many universities. This longitudinal study provides a multi-domain examination of first-year student characteristics and behaviors that best predict which students graduate. Graduation status was assessed seven years after students entered university. Participants (N = 1017; 71% female; mean age in Year 1 was 19 years) enrolled in a Canadian mid-sized university completed a survey, provided their enrollment status over the next 6 years (regardless of whether they left university), and consented to have their grades and status provided by the Registrar. Overall, 79% of students graduated by Year 7 (44% in 4 years). The strongest predictor of graduation was first-year grades. Social engagement in the university also predicted graduation. Surprisingly, mental health was not a significant predictor of graduation. Only a minority of students may experience mental health difficulties to such an extent that it affects their ability to succeed at university.

Coronary Care in a General Hospital

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Shaw ◽  
Bernard Groden ◽  
Evelyn Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
First Year ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coronary Care ◽  
Made In

The establishment, staffing and structure and observations made in the first year of the existence of coronary care in an intensive care unit in a general hospital are recorded. Two hundred and twenty eight patients were admitted during the year in whom the diagnosis of myocardial infarction was confirmed. There were 29 deaths in the unit and 14 deaths occurred in the wards of the hospital after discharge from the unit. 49.1 per cent of the patients were admitted within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms and the mean duration of stay in the unit was 86.5 hours. The type of arrhythmia detected in the unit, and the treatment given to the patients both before and after admission to the intensive care unit are described.

OP08 Levels and sources of stress reported by first year paramedic students associated with their first ambulance placement

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. A4.2-A4
Author(s):  
Matthew Warren-James ◽  
Julie Hanson ◽  
Belinda Flanagan ◽  
Mary Katsikitis ◽  
Bill Lord
Keyword(s):  
Death And Dying ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

BackgroundWhilst there is evidence to suggest paramedics experience significant stress when working in the ambulance setting little is known about the experiences of first year paramedic students. This research aimed to: (i) identify whether levels of stress, anxiety and depression experienced by first year paramedic students changed after ambulance placement compared to a control group, and (ii) identify the main perceived and actual sources of stress around ambulance placement.MethodsA before-and-after quasi-experimental design was used to compare whether the experience of ambulance placement altered the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in an experimental group that attended an ambulance placement (n = 20) and the control group who did not (n = 10). Online surveys encompassing the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and qualitative questions about sources of stress were concurrently deployed to both the experimental and control groups before and after the ambulance placement. Participants were first year paramedic students working in Queensland Ambulance Service, Australia.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in levels of stress in participants after undertaking their first ambulance placement (Mdn = -4.00) when compared to a control group (Mdn = 0.00), U = 52.5, p = .035, n2 = 0.15. Responses to survey questions suggest anticipation about experiencing death and dying of patients was the most frequently reported stressor of student paramedics before undertaking ambulance placements, however insecurity about knowledge, competence and fear of failure was the most frequently experienced stressor reported after completing ambulance placements.ConclusionsThe findings from this study suggest that the fear of the unknown may be worse than the reality. Anticipatory stress is the foremost problem for first year paramedic students attending their first ambulance placement. Placement pre-briefing should focus on educational interventions to build knowledge and skills competency to reduce stress levels and fear of failure.

Education for sustainable development in Spanish higher education: an assessment of sustainability competencies in engineering and education degrees

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fermín Sánchez-Carracedo ◽  
Daniel Romero-Portillo ◽  
Bàrbara Sureda Carbonell ◽  
Francisco Manuel Moreno-Pino
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Education Students ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spanish Higher Education ◽  
Percentage Measure ◽  
University Degree

Purpose This paper aims to present a methodology for analysing the extent to which students of a university degree perceive that they have received a good education for sustainable development (ESD). The methodology enables us to quantify this perception, which, in turn, allows us to determine: to what extent the objectives related to ESD are achieved in the degree, and to compare the learning in ESD perceived by students of different degrees. The methodology is applied to nine engineering degrees and nine education degrees in the Spanish university system. Design/methodology/approach ESD is analysed from the students’ learning perception. This perception is measured by comparing the responses of first- and fourth-year students to a questionnaire about their sustainability competencies. Two indicators have been designed to analyse the results. The first indicator, learning increase, measures the declared learning difference between fourth- and first-year students. The second indicator, learning percentage, measure the amount of learning as reported by fourth-year students compared to how much they could have learned. Findings The results show that the average learning percentage perceived by students is higher in engineering degrees (33%) than in education degrees (27%), despite the fact that the average learning increase declared by students at the end of their studies in both areas of knowledge is similar (66%). Engineering students report having achieved higher learning than education students in all sustainability competencies, with the exception of ethics. Originality/value This paper analyses ESD from the student’s perspective. Furthermore, to the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study that compares the perception of ESD between engineering and education students. This comparison allows us to determine the different approaches that university Professors take to ESD according to the discipline they teach.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN RCCDE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI INTERAKSI MAKHLUK HIDUP DENGAN LINGKUNGAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Anita Wulandari ◽  
Siti Roudlotul Hikamah ◽  
Umi Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Cognitive Score ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Before And After

Learning model is a whole series of teaching material presentation which includes all aspects before and after learning. The problem in this study is that student learning outcomes are still lo and lacking enthusiasm in the learning process, where the value of student learning outcomes is still much below the KKM. This type of research uses PTK, with a quantitative data collection in the from of student learning outcomes tests and qualitative data obtained from intervies and studend documentation data. With 23 students as research subjects. Based on the results of this study, the average cognitive score of srtudentd in cycle I was 73. In the first cycle the average cognitive score of students II was 82, so there was an increase of 9%. So the application of the RCCDE learning model can improve students learning outcomes in the material of interaction of living things with the environment so that it can help in the student learning proses.Keywords: RCCDE model, learning outcomes, the interaction of living things with the environment

Prenatal Sonographic Head Circumference and Cerebral Ventricle Width Measurements Before and After Open Fetal Myelomeningocele Repair – Prediction of Shunting During the First Year of Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladina Vonzun ◽  
Franziska Maria Winder ◽  
Martin Meuli ◽  
Ueli Moerlen ◽  
Luca Mazzone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Fetal Diagnosis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to describe the sonographic evolution of fetal head circumference (HC) and width of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle (Vp) after open fetal myelomeningocele (fMMC) repair and to assess whether pre- or postoperative measurements are helpful to predict the need for shunting during the first year of life. Patients & Methods All 30 children older than one year by January 2017 who previously had fMMC repair at the Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy were included. Sonographic evolution of fetal HC and Vp before and after fMMC repair was assessed and compared between the non-shunted (N = 16) and the shunted group (N = 14). ROC curves were generated for the fetal HC Z-score and Vp in order to show their predictive accuracy for the need for shunting until 1 year of age. Results HC was not an independent factor for predicting shunting. However, the need for shunting was directly dependent on the preoperative Vp as well as the Vp before delivery. A Vp > 10 mm at evaluation for fMMC repair or > 15 mm before delivery identifies 100 % of the infants needing shunt placement at a false-positive rate of 44 % and 25 %, respectively. All fetuses with a Vp > 15 mm at first evaluation received a shunt. Conclusion Fetuses demonstrating a Vp of > 15 mm before in utero MMC repair are extremely likely to develop hydrocephalus requiring a shunt during the first year of life. This compelling piece of evidence must be appropriately integrated into prenatal counseling.

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