Energy expenditure adjusted for body composition differentiates constitutional thinness from both normal subjects and anorexia nervosa

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. E132-E137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Bossu ◽  
Bogdan Galusca ◽  
Sylvie Normand ◽  
Natacha Germain ◽  
Philippe Collet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energetic Metabolism ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Igf I

Constitutional thinness (CT) is characterized by a low and stable body mass index (BMI) without any hormonal abnormality. To understand the weight steadiness, energetic metabolism was evaluated. Seven CT, seven controls, and six anorexia nervosa (AN) young women were compared. CT and AN had a BMI <16.5 kg/m2. Four criteria were evaluated: 1) energy balance including diet record, resting metabolic rate (RMR) (indirect calorimetry), total energy expenditure (TEE) (doubly labeled water), physical activity; 2) body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); 3) biological markers (leptin, IGF-I, free T3); 4) psychological profile of eating behavior. The normality of free T3 (3.7 ± 0.5 pmol/l), IGF-I (225 ± 93 ng/ml), and leptin (8.3 ± 3.4 ng/ml) confirmed the absence of undernutrition in CT. Their psychological profiles revealed a weight gain desire. TEE (kJ/day) in CT (8,382 ± 988) was not found significantly different from that of controls (8,793 ± 845) and AN (8,001 ± 2,152). CT food intake (7,565 ± 908 kJ/day) was found similar to that of controls (7,961 ± 1,452 kJ/day) and higher than in AN (4,894 ± 703 kJ/day), thus explaining the energy metabolism balance. Fat-free mass (FFM) (kg) was similar in CT and AN (32.5 ± 2.9 vs. 34.1 ± 1.9) and higher in controls (37.8 ± 1.6). While RMR absolute values (kJ/day) were lower in CT (4,839 ± 473) than in controls (5,576 ± 209), RMR values adjusted for FFM were the highest in CT. TEE-to-FFM ratio was also higher in CT than in controls. Energetic metabolism balance maintains a stable low weight in CT. An increased energy expenditure-to-FFM ratio differentiates CT from controls and could account for the resistance to weight gain observed in CT.

scholarly journals Influence of body composition on physical activity validation studies using doubly labeled water

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1357-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Mâsse ◽  
Janet E. Fulton ◽  
Kathleen L. Watson ◽  
Matthew T. Mahar ◽  
Michael C. Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Methods Comparison ◽  
Statistical Procedures

This study investigated the influence of two approaches (mathematical transformation and statistical procedures), used to account for body composition [body mass or fat-free mass (FFM)], on associations between two measures of physical activity and energy expenditure determined by doubly labeled water (DLW). Complete data for these analyses were available for 136 African American (44.1%) and Hispanic (55.9%) women (mean age 50 ± 7.3 yr). Total energy expenditure (TEE) by DLW was measured over 14 days. Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) was computed as 0.90 × TEE - resting metabolic rate. During week 2, participants wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days and completed a 7-day diary. Pearson's product-moment correlations and three statistical procedures (multiple regressions, partial correlations, and allometric scaling) were used to assess the effect of body composition on associations. The methods-comparison analysis was used to study the effect of body composition on agreement. The statistical procedures demonstrated that associations improved when body composition was included in the model. The accelerometer explained a small but meaningful portion of the variance in TEE and PAEE after body mass was accounted for. The methods-comparison analysis confirmed that agreement with DLW was affected by the transformation. Agreement between the diary (transformed with body mass) and TEE reflected the association that exists between body mass and TEE. These results suggest that the accelerometer and diary accounted for a small portion of TEE and PAEE. Most of the variance in DLW-measured energy expenditure was explained by body mass or FFM.

scholarly journals Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rimbach ◽  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Hiroyuki Sagayama ◽  
Philip N. Ainslie ◽  
Lene F. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals

AbstractLow total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20–60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.

Relationship between aerobic fitness level and daily energy expenditure in weight-stable humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. E121-E128 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Sharp ◽  
G. W. Reed ◽  
M. Sun ◽  
N. N. Abumrad ◽  
J. O. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between exercise and energy expenditure is unclear, with some suggestions that exercise leads to increased energy expenditure over and beyond the increase due to the exercise itself. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationships among aerobic fitness level, body composition, and total daily energy expenditure in 78 subjects. Daily energy expenditure (determined in a whole room calorimeter) was significantly correlated with both fat-free mass (FFM) and aerobic fitness (estimated from maximum aerobic capacity or VO2max). However, multiple-regression analysis demonstrated that, after accounting for FFM, VO2max did not explain a significant amount of the remaining variation in energy expenditure. In addition, the relationship between resting metabolic rate and both FFM and VO2max was evaluated using data from 214 weight-stable subjects analyzed retrospectively. The results were identical with the results obtained from the 78 subjects in that VO2max did not have effects independent of FFM on energy expenditure. We conclude that aerobic fitness does not have a direct effect on energy expenditure. However, it may have effects that are mediated through body composition, since in both populations studied here, VO2max was positively correlated with FFM and negatively correlated with adiposity.

Pattern and cost of weight gain in previously obese women

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (4) ◽  
pp. E923-E930 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Votruba ◽  
S. Blanc ◽  
D. A. Schoeller
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Time Courses

Weight gain is common among postobese individuals, providing an opportunity to address the cost of weight regain on energy expenditure. We investigated the energy cost of weight regain over 1 yr in 28 women [age 39.5 ± 1.3 (SE) yr; body mass index 24.2 ± 0.5 kg/m2] with recent weight loss (>12 kg). Body composition, total energy expenditure (TEE) using doubly labeled water, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and thermic effect of a meal (TEM) were assessed at 0 and 12 mo. Metabolizable energy intake (MEI) was calculated from TEE and change in body composition. Fourteen women had a weight gain of 13.2 ± 2.1 kg. Twelve-month cumulative excess MEI, calculated as the intake in excess of TEE at month 0, was 749 ± 149 MJ. Of this, 462 ± 83 MJ (62%) were stored as accrued tissue, and 287 ± 72 MJ (38%) was increased TEE. Expressed per kilogram of body weight gain, the energy cost of weight gain was calculated to be 54.8 ± 4.6 MJ/kg. Interestingly, weight regain time courses fell into three distinct patterns, possibly requiring varying countermeasures.

Effects of dietary protein content on IGF-I, testosterone, and body composition during 8 days of severe energy deficit and arduous physical activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Alemany ◽  
Bradley C. Nindl ◽  
Mark D. Kellogg ◽  
William J. Tharion ◽  
Andrew J. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Igf I

Energy restriction coupled with high energy expenditure from arduous work is associated with an altered insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) system and androgens that are coincident with losses of fat-free mass. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two levels of dietary protein content and its effects on IGF-I, androgens, and losses of fat-free mass accompanying energy deficit. We hypothesized that higher dietary protein content would attenuate the decline of anabolic hormones and, thus, prevent losses of fat-free mass. Thirty-four men [24 (SD 0.3) yr, 180.1 (SD 1.1) cm, and 83.0 (SD 1.4) kg] participated in an 8-day military exercise characterized by high energy expenditure (16.5 MJ/day), low energy intake (6.5 MJ/day), and sleep deprivation (4 h/24 h) and were randomly divided into two dietary groups: 0.9 and 0.5 g/kg dietary protein intake. IGF-I system analytes, androgens, and body composition were assessed before and on days 4 and 8 of the intervention. Total, free, and nonternary IGF-I and testosterone declined 50%, 64%, 55%, and 45%, respectively, with similar reductions in both groups. There was, however, a diet × time interaction on day 8 for total IGF-I and sex hormone-binding globulin. Decreases in body mass (3.2 kg), fat-free mass (1.2 kg), fat mass (2.0 kg), and percent body fat (1.5%) were similar in both groups ( P = 0.01). Dietary protein content of 0.5 and 0.9 g/kg minimally attenuated the decline of IGF-I, the androgenic system, and fat-free mass during 8 days of negative energy balance associated with high energy expenditure and low energy intake.

Comparison of energy expenditure, body composition, metabolic disorders, and energy intake between obese children with a history of craniopharyngioma and children with multifactorial obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilanit Bomer ◽  
Carola Saure ◽  
Carolina Caminiti ◽  
Javier Gonzales Ramos ◽  
Graciela Zuccaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Mass Percentage

AbstractCraniopharyngioma is a histologically benign brain malformation with a fundamental role in satiety modulation, causing obesity in up to 52% of patients.To evaluate cardiovascular risk factors, body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and energy intake in craniopharyngioma patients and to compare the data with those from children with multifactorial obesity.All obese children and adolescents who underwent craniopharyngioma resection and a control group of children with multifactorial obesity in follow-up between May 2012 and April 2013.Anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance, indirect calorimetry, energy intake, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and dyslipidemia were evaluated.Twenty-three patients with craniopharyngioma and 43 controls were included. Children with craniopharyngioma-related obesity had a lower fat-free mass percentage (62.4 vs. 67.5; p=0.01) and a higher fat mass percentage (37.5 vs. 32.5; p=0.01) compared to those with multifactorial obesity. A positive association was found between %REE and %fat-free mass in subjects with multifactorial obesity (68±1% in normal REE vs. 62.6±1% in low REE; p=0.04), but not in craniopharyngioma patients (62±2.7 in normal REE vs. 61.2±1.8% in low REE; p=0.8). No differences were found in metabolic involvement or energy intake.REE was lower in craniopharyngioma patients compared to children with multifactorial obesity regardless of the amount of fat-free mass, suggesting that other factors may be responsible for the lower REE.

Ethnic differences in sympathetic nervous system-mediated energy expenditure

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. E789-E794 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Saad ◽  
S. A. Alger ◽  
F. Zurlo ◽  
J. B. Young ◽  
C. Bogardus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
The Impact

The impact of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity on energy expenditure (EE) was evaluated in nondiabetic Caucasian and Pima Indian men while on a weight-maintenance diet using two approaches as follows. 1) The relationship between 24-h EE, measured in a respiratory chamber, and 24-h urinary norepinephrine was studied in 36 Caucasians [32 +/- 8 (SD) yr, 95 +/- 41 kg, 22 +/- 13% fat] and 33 Pimas (29 +/- 6 yr, 103 +/- 28 kg, 30 +/- 9% fat). There was no difference between the two groups in 24-h EE (2,422 vs. 2,523 kcal/24 h) and in urinary norepinephrine (28 vs. 31 micrograms/24 h), even after adjusting for body size and composition. Twenty-four-hour EE correlated significantly with 24-h urinary norepinephrine in Caucasians (r = 0.78, P less than 0.001) but not in Pimas (r = 0.03), independent of fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, and age. 2) The effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade with propranolol (120 micrograms/kg FFM bolus and 1.2 micrograms.kg FFM-1.min-1 for 45 min) on the resting metabolic rate (RMR) was evaluated in 36 Caucasians (30 +/- 6 yr, 103 +/- 36 kg, 25 +/- 11% fat) and 32 Pimas (28 +/- 6 yr, 100 +/- 34 kg, 27 +/- 10% fat). The RMR was similar in the two groups (2,052 vs. 1,973 kcal/24 h) even after adjustment for FFM, fat mass, and age and dropped significantly after propranolol infusion in Caucasians (-3.9%, P less than 0.001) but not in Pimas (-0.8%, P = 0.07).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Resting Energy Expenditure and Cold Induced Thermogenesis in Patients with Overt Hyperthyroidism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Irene Maushart ◽  
Jaël Rut Senn ◽  
Rahel Catherina Loeliger ◽  
Judith Siegenthaler ◽  
Fabienne Bur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Euthyroid State ◽  
Overt Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Resting Energy

Abstract Context Thyroid hormone is crucial for the adaptation to cold. Objective To evaluate the effect of hyperthyroidism on resting energy expenditure (REE), cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) and changes in body composition and weight. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Endocrine outpatient clinic at tertiary referral center. Patients Eighteen patients with overt hyperthyroidism. Main Outcome Measures We measured REE during hyperthyroidism, after restoring euthyroid TH levels and after 3 months of normal thyroid function. In fourteen patients energy expenditure (EE) was measured before and after a mild cold exposure of two hours and CIT was the difference between EEcold and EEwarm. Skin temperatures at eight positions were recorded during the study visits. Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorption. Results Free T4 (fT4) and free T3 (fT3) decreased significantly over time (fT4, p=0.0003; fT3, p=0.0001). REE corrected for lean body mass (LBM) decreased from 42 ± 6.7 kcal/24h/kg LBM in the hyperthyroid to 33±4.4 kcal/24h/kg LBM (-21%, p&lt;0.0001 vs hyperthyroid) in the euthyroid state and three months later to 33 ± 5.2 kcal/24h/kg LBM (-21%, p=0.0022 vs. hyperthyroid, overall p&lt;0.0001). Free T4 (p=0.0001) and free T3 (p&lt;0.0001) were predictors of REE. CIT did not change from the hyperthyroid to the euthyroid state (p=0.96). Hyperthyroidism led to increased skin temperature at warm ambient conditions but did not alter core body temperature, nor skin temperature after cold exposure. Weight regain and body composition were not influenced by REE and CIT during the hyperthyroid state. Conclusions CIT is not increased in patients with overt hyperthyroidism.

scholarly journals Reduced Albumin Concentration Predicts Weight Gain and Higher Ad Libitum Energy Intake in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Basolo ◽  
Takafumi Ando ◽  
Douglas C. Chang ◽  
Tim Hollstein ◽  
Jonathan Krakoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Intake Regulation

ObjectiveCirculating albumin is negatively associated with adiposity but whether it is associated with increased energy intake, lower energy expenditure or weight gain has not been examined.MethodsIn study 1 (n=238; 146 men), we evaluated whether fasting albumin concentration was associated with 24-h energy expenditure and ad libitum energy intake. In study 2 (n=325;167 men), we evaluated the association between plasma albumin and change in weight and body composition.ResultsAfter adjustment for known determinants of energy intake lower plasma albumin concentration was associated with greater total daily energy intake (β= 89.8 kcal/day per 0.1 g/dl difference in plasma albumin, p=0.0047). No associations were observed between plasma albumin concentrations and 24-h energy expenditure or 24-h respiratory quotient (p&gt;0.2). Over 6 years, volunteers gained on average 7.5 ± 11.7 kg (p&lt;0.0001). Lower albumin concentrations were associated with greater weight [β=3.53 kg, p=0.039 (adjusted for age, sex, follow up time), CI 0.16 to 6.21 per 1 g/dl difference albumin concentration] and fat mass (β=2.3 kg, p=0.022), respectively, but not with changes in fat free mass (p=0.06).ConclusionsLower albumin concentrations were associated with increased ad libitum food intake and weight gain, indicating albumin as a marker of energy intake regulation.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifiers NCT00340132, NCT00342732.

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