Latency of pancreatic enzyme response to intraduodenal stimulants

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. G23-G29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Singer ◽  
T. E. Solomon ◽  
J. Wood ◽  
M. I. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Pancreatic Juice ◽  
Sodium Oleate ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Truncal Vagotomy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pancreatic Fistulas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sustained Increase

In six dogs with pancreatic fistulas, secretin (500 ng . kg-1 . h-1) was given to provide a flow of pancreatic juice of about 1 drop/s. Amylase concentration was measured in each drop before and after rapid intraduodenal injection of L-tryptophan, sodium oleate, and NaCl or after rapid intraportal injection of cholecystokinin (CCK). Latency of response (time between injection and a sustained increase in amylase output greater than the mean + 3 SD of prestimulation output) was 0.30 min to tryptophan and 0.33 min to oleate. These were significantly (P less than 0.01) less than the latency to intraportal CCK (0.53 min). Atropine and truncal vagotomy increased the latency to tryptophan and oleate 10-fold but had no effect on the latency to intraportal CCK. We conclude that, since the latency of amylase response to intraduodenal stimulants was shorter than to intraportal CCK, the initial response is probably not due to release of hormones. The finding that atropine and vagotomy increased latency of response to intraduodenal stimulants indicates that a vagovagal cholinergic reflex mediates the early pancreatic enzyme response to intestinal stimulants.

Dose-response effects of atropine on pancreatic response to secretin before and after truncal vagotomy

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (5) ◽  
pp. G532-G538
Author(s):  
M. V. Singer ◽  
W. Niebel ◽  
K. H. Uhde ◽  
D. Hoffmeister ◽  
H. Goebell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Atropine Sulfate ◽  
Truncal Vagotomy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pancreatic Fistulas ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Protein Output ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Intravenous Atropine

In dogs with gastric and pancreatic fistulas, we studied the effect of intravenous atropine in doses ranging from 0.9 to 58 nmol X kg-1 X h-1 on the pancreatic secretory response to secretin before and after truncal vagotomy. Truncal vagotomy did not alter the incremental bicarbonate response to secretin. Before and after truncal vagotomy, 7 nmol X kg-1 X h-1 and all higher doses of atropine sulfate significantly decreased the bicarbonate response to low doses (5.2 and 10.3 pmol X kg-1 X h-1) of secretin but had no significant effect on responses to high doses (20.5 and 41 pmol X kg-1 X h-1). The inhibitory potency of the effective doses of atropine did not differ significantly. Secretin did not stimulate pancreatic protein output above basal. Truncal vagotomy reduced protein output basally and during secretin by about 50%. Before and after truncal vagotomy, 7 nmol X kg-1 X h-1 and all higher doses of atropine significantly decreased protein output basally and during secretin. Secretin and truncal vagotomy did not alter basal heart rate. Only the three highest doses (14, 29, and 58 nmol X kg-1 X h-1) of atropine significantly increased heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Pancreatic bicarbonate response to HCl before and after cutting the extrinsic nerves of the pancreas in dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. G436-G443
Author(s):  
W. Niebel ◽  
C. Beglinger ◽  
M. V. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Truncal Vagotomy ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Splanchnic Nerves ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pancreatic Fistulas ◽  
Bicarbonate Output ◽  
Intravenous Atropine ◽  
Extrinsic Nerves

In two sets of dogs with gastric and pancreatic fistulas, we studied the effect of atropine on pancreatic bicarbonate output and release of secretin in response to intraduodenal HCl before and after stepwise removal of the extrinsic nerves of the pancreas, i.e., celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy alone or truncal vagotomy alone and truncal vagotomy plus celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy. Ganglionectomy alone did not alter the incremental bicarbonate response to HCl. Truncal vagotomy alone significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased the incremental bicarbonate response to low (1.5 and 3 mmol/h) but not high (6 to 24 mmol/h) loads of HCl. Additional ganglionectomy restored the bicarbonate response to prevagotomy levels. With the extrinsic nerves intact and after ganglionectomy, but not after truncal vagotomy and truncal vagotomy plus ganglionectomy, intravenous atropine (14 nmol.kg-1.h-1) significantly reduced the incremental bicarbonate response to low (1.5 and 3 mmol/h) but not high loads of HCl. Neither the different surgical procedures nor atropine significantly altered plasma levels of secretin basally and in response to intestinal HCl. We conclude that 1) cholinergic fibers within the vagus nerves but not the splanchnic nerves are important mediators of the pancreatic bicarbonate response to low loads of HCl and 2) release of secretin by intestinal HCl is not under cholinergic and splanchnic control.

Effect of atropine and vagotomy on response of transplanted pancreas.

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
pp. E186 ◽  
Author(s):  
T E Solomon ◽  
M I Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Sodium Oleate ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Intestinal Perfusion ◽  
Truncal Vagotomy ◽  
Enzyme Secretion ◽  
Cholinergic Mechanisms ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme Secretion ◽  
Significant Change

It is well established that atropine and vagotomy inhibit pancreatic enzyme secretion in response to intestinal stimulants such as fat or amino acids. These effects are usually attributed to interference with hypothetical vagal cholinergic mechanisms that facilitate release of cholecystokinin. To determine whether atropine or vagotomy interferes with release of humoral stimulants of pancreatic enzyme secretion, we studied their effect on protein secretion from an autotransplanted portion of pancreas in response to intestinal stimulants in dogs. The transplanted pancreas was as sensitive as the intact pancreas to stimulation by exogenous caerulein, a cholecystokinin-like peptide, and this response was not altered by atropine or vagotomy. Therefore, if vagotomy or atropine interferes with release of humoral pancreatic stimulants, they would be expected to reduce the response of the transplanted pancreas just as they do of the intact pancreas. Truncal vagotomy caused no significant change in protein secretion from the transplant in response to intestinal perfusion with sodium oleate or tryptophan. Atropine was tested only against sodium oleate and caused no change in response. We conclude that release of humoral pancreatic excitants of protein secretion in response to intestinal stimulants is not significantly changed by atropine or vagotomy.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization and Acid/Alkaline Tolerance of Lactic Acid Bacteria Present in Fermented Rye, Wheat, Oat and Barley

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Ijeoma Chidinma Akujobi ◽  
Austin Ihemeje
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Pancreatic Juice ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Alkaline Tolerance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Barley Grains

Objective: This study determined the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in fermented rye, wheat, oat and barley grains, and evaluated their survival in simulated gastric juice and pancreatic juice. Methods: Samples of rye, wheat, oat and barley grains were fermented for 72 hours at room temperature. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated using MRS agar and were enumerated. Isolated LAB strains were cultured with MRS broth and the fermentation patterns of the isolated strains were characterized using API 50 CH kit (Biomerieux, France). Each isolated LAB strain was exposed to simulated gastric juice at pH of 2.0 for 80 minutes at 370C, followed by exposure to simulated pancreatic juice at pH of 8.0 for 120 minutes at 370C. Aliquots were taken at 0 minute and 80 minutes at pH of 2.0 and 0 minutes and 120 minutes at pH of 8.0 for enumeration of LAB strains. Results: The total LAB cell count ranged from 6.6 * 108 ± 11 cfu/ml in the rye sample to 9.5*109 ± 7 cfu/ml in the oat sample. 13 LAB strains were isolated from the four selected cereal grains and were characterized as six strains of Lactobacillus plantarum1, five strains of L. brevis 1 and one strain each of L. collinoides and Leuconostoc citreum.  All the isolated LAB strains from the four selected cereals survived in the simulated gastric juice at pH of 2.0 (before and after incubation at 0min and 80a min) and after addition of simulated pancreatic juice at pH of 8.0 (before and after incubation at 80b min and 200 min respectively). The mean viable counts of all the strains ranged from 2.0 *108 in R3 at 80b min to 1.54 * 1010 in B4 at 80b minutes. Conclusion: LAB associated with fermentation of rye, wheat, oat and barley grains are likely to survive transport through the harsh acidic and alkaline conditions of the GIT.

Perbedaan Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Penyakit Hepatitis A Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penyuluhan Di MTsN 02 Bondowoso Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Putri Megasari
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

Hepatitis has become a health problem in the world. The hepatitis virus infected many people. According to the teacher of MTsN 02 Bondowoso more than 20 students have hepatitis A viral infection. The purpose of this research was to know the differences of students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study used pre-experimental (pre-post test design). This study used stratified random sampling technique, 127 students from 270 sample involved this research,and 143 students was excluded. We used questionnaires to collect data. The results showed that the mean value of the students 'knowledge about hepatitis A before counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 83.96 with the lowest value of 37.5 and the highest value was 100. The mean value of the students' knowledge about hepatitis A after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 93.21 with the lowest value waf 62.5 and the highest value was 100. Paired t test showed that t (-9.07) > t table (1.98), the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. There was a difference between students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study showed that routine counseling by healthcare provider was important to prevent hepatitis A infection.; Keywords: counseling, knowledge of students, hepatitis

EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC LH/FSH-RELEASING HORMONE (LRH) ON PLASMA LH AND FSH IN AMENORRHOEIC WOMEN

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rannevik ◽  
J. Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Serial Measurements

ABSTRACT Eight amenorrhoeic women were given 100 μg synthetic LRH (Hoechst) iv and im, respectively, at an interval of 2 weeks. Four of the women received the iv injection first and four the im injection. The urinary excretion of oestrogens and pregnanediol was low and unaltered throughout the test weeks. The effects of LRH were compared by serial measurements of the plasma LH and FSH during 8 h. The initial response of LH for up to 25 min and that of FSH for up to 60 min were equal whether LRH was given iv or im. The difference appeared later. Four hours after the injection the mean increase of LH to iv injection was 0.5 ng/ml (N. S.), while that to im injection was 1.9 ng/ml (P < 0.01). The corresponding values for FSH were 1.3 (P < 0.05) and 3.2 (P < 0.001). The effect of LRH administration im was thus found to be larger and more prolonged.

Quality of Life for Children with Persistent Sinonasal Symptoms

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Kay ◽  
Richard M. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Routine Clinical Care ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sinonasal Symptoms

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to validate the SN-5 survey as a measure of longitudinal change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a before and after study of 85 children aged 2 to 12 years in a metropolitan pediatric otolaryngology practice. Caregivers completed the SN-5 survey at entry and at least 4 weeks later. The survey included 5 symptom-cluster items covering the domains of sinus infection, nasal obstruction, allergy symptoms, emotional distress, and activity limitations. RESULTS: Good test-retest reliability ( R = 0.70) was obtained for the overall SN-5 score and the individual survey items ( R ≥ 0.58). The mean baseline SN-5 score was 3.8 (SD, 1.0) of a maximum of 7.0, with higher scores indicating poorer HRQoL. All SN-5 items had adequate correlation ( R ≥ 0.36) with external constructs. The mean change in SN-5 score after routine clinical care was 0.88 (SD, 1.19) with an effect size of 0.74 indicating good responsiveness to longitudinal change. The change scores correlated appropriately with changes in related external constructs ( R ≥ 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: The SN-5 is a valid, reliable, and responsive measure of HRQoL for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms, suitable for use in outcomes studies and routine clinical care.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pharmacy-led weight management service to minimise the risk of cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliki Peletidi ◽  
Reem Kayyali
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Aims The primary aim of the programme was a minimum of a 5% weight reduction of the initial weight, while the secondary outcomes were a reduction in participants’ body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), AUDIT-C score and an increase in the Mediterranean diet (MD) score and an improvement in physical activity levels. Methods This 'before and after' study was a 10-week weight management (WM) programme and it was developed and delivered in community pharmacies in Patras chosen for convenience, thus consisting the first service of its type in Greece. The sample size was calculated (n = 96) based on the mean BMI for a Greek male and female individual, and the standard deviation (SD) of weight at baseline of 14 kg. Results Nearly every participant enrolled in the 20 participating pharmacies, 97.4% (n = 114/117), achieved the programme’s aim, losing at least 5% of their initial weight. The mean percentage of total weight loss of the 117 participants at the 10th week was 8.97% (SD 2.65), and the t-test showed statistically significant results (P-value < 0.001; 95% CI [8.48, 9.45]). A significant reduction in the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was observed in both male (P-value = 0.004) and female (P-value < 0.001) participants. The participants’ BP and AUDIT-C score and physical activity levels significantly improved (P-value < 0.001), as well as their MD score. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence that Greek pharmacists have the potential to play an important role within primary healthcare and that after training they are able to provide public health services for both the public’s benefit and their clinical role enhancement.

scholarly journals CT perfusion in peripheral arterial disease—hemodynamic differences before and after revascularisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Veit-Haibach ◽  
Martin W. Huellner ◽  
Martin Banyai ◽  
Sebastian Mafeld ◽  
Johannes Heverhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Therapy Control ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was the assessment of volumetric CT perfusion (CTP) of the lower leg musculature in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) before and after interventional revascularisation. Methods Twenty-nine consecutive patients with symptomatic PAD of the lower extremities requiring interventional revascularisation were assessed prospectively. All patients underwent a CTP scan of the lower leg, and hemodynamic and angiographic assessment, before and after intervention. Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) was determined. CTP parameters were calculated with a perfusion software, acting on a no outflow assumption. A sequential two-compartment model was used. Differences in CTP parameters were assessed with non-parametric tests. Results The cohort consisted of 24 subjects with an occlusion, and five with a high-grade stenosis. The mean blood flow before/after (BFpre and BFpost, respectively) was 7.42 ± 2.66 and 10.95 ± 6.64 ml/100 ml*min−1. The mean blood volume before/after (BVpre and BVpost, respectively) was 0.71 ± 0.35 and 1.25 ± 1.07 ml/100 ml. BFpost and BVpost were significantly higher than BFpre and BVpre in the treated limb (p = 0.003 and 0.02, respectively), but not in the untreated limb (p = 0.641 and 0.719, respectively). Conclusions CTP seems feasible for assessing hemodynamic differences in calf muscles before and after revascularisation in patients with symptomatic PAD. We could show that CTP parameters BF and BV are significantly increased after revascularisation of the symptomatic limb. In the future, this quantitative method might serve as a non-invasive method for surveillance and therapy control of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Key Points • CTP imaging of the lower limb in patients with symptomatic PAD seems feasible for assessing hemodynamic differences before and after revascularisation in PAD patients. • This quantitative method might serve as a non-invasive method, for surveillance and therapy control of patients with PAD.

scholarly journals Unilateral lateral rectus recession is an effective surgery for intermittent exotropia in young children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriel Spierer ◽  
Abraham Spierer
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Lateral Rectus ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Consecutive Esotropia

Abstract Background Different surgical methods have been suggested for the correction of intermittent exotropia. Unilateral lateral rectus recession has been described as a surgical alternative for small and moderate-angle exotropia. In general, previous studies did not focus on the outcomes of unilateral lateral rectus recession in young children with intermittent exotropia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes of unilateral lateral rectus recession in the treatment of moderate-angle exotropia (≤ 25 PD (prism diopters)) in children. Methods The charts of all patients younger than 12 years of age with moderate-angle exotropia (up to 25 PD) who were operated during the years 2006–2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-eight patients underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession and had a minimum follow up of 6 months. The angle of exotropia (PD) before and after surgery and the success rate were documented. Results Mean age at surgery was 6.4 ± 1.9 (range 3.5–11.0) years. Exotropia improved from a preoperative angle of 21.4 ± 4.0 PD to 3.5 ± 5.9 PD postoperatively (p < 0.001). Success rate, defined as deviation of ≤ 10 PD, was achieved in 86.2%. There were 2 (3.4%) cases of overcorrection (consecutive esotropia). There were no intra- or postoperative complications. The mean follow-up duration after surgery was 2.3 ± 1.7 years. Conclusions In children with moderate angle exotropia, good postoperative success rate was achieved by performing unilateral lateral rectus recession.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document