Hypoxia and reproduction in Swiss mice

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Baird ◽  
S. F. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Gestation Time ◽  
Almost All

Swiss albino mice were maintained in closed decompression chambers: 1) continuously at simulated altitudes of 14,200 and 18,000 ft; 2) intermittently, 6 hr/day, at 20,000, 21,500, and 25,000 ft; 3) continuously at sea level with atmosphere of 12% oxygen, 88% nitrogen. All animals were acclimatized before exposure. In all cases mating behavior was normal, and there was no functional impairment of male fertility. Impregnation was observed with all mated, adapted females in almost all experiments. Exceptions were considered due to early resorption of embryos. No significant effect of hypoxia was noted on implantation, placentas, vascularization, gestation time, or parturition. Adverse effects of hypoxia were manifested primarily in resorption of fetuses when they had attained a critical size (about 7 mm). The incidence of resorption correlated directly with stress level, expressed as duration and intensity of hypoxia, and is considered to be contingent on the critically respiring mass of fetal tissue.

scholarly journals Defects in mating behavior are the primary cause of sterility in C. elegans males at elevated temperature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Nett ◽  
Nicholas B. Sepulveda ◽  
Lisa N. Petrella
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Sperm Activation ◽  
Successful Mating ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Almost All

AbstractReproduction is a fundamental imperative of all forms of life. For all the advantages sexual reproduction confers, it has a deeply conserved flaw: it is temperature sensitive. As temperatures rise, fertility decreases. Across species male fertility is particularly sensitive to elevated temperature. Previously we have shown in the model nematode worm C. elegans, that all males are fertile at 20°C but almost all males have lost fertility at 27°C. Male fertility is dependent on the production functional sperm, successful mating and transfer of sperm, and successful fertilization post-mating. To determine how male fertility is impacted by elevated temperature we analyzed these aspects of male reproduction at 27°C in three wild-type strains of C. elegans: JU1171, LKC34, and N2. We found no effect of elevated temperature on the number of immature non-motile spermatids formed. There was a weak effect of elevated temperature on sperm activation that may negatively impact sperm function. In stark contrast, there was a strong effect of elevated temperature on male mating behavior and sperm transfer such that males very rarely successfully completed mating when exposed to 27°C. Therefore, we propose a model where elevated temperature reduces male fertility due to the negative impacts of temperature on the somatic tissues necessary for mating. Loss of successful mating at elevated temperature overrides any effects that temperature may have on the germline or sperm cells.

Aggressions of the Socio-Economic System on the Natural Capital

2017 ◽  
pp. 109-140
Author(s):  
Constanţa Popescu ◽  
Constantin Popescu ◽  
Maria Luiza Hrestic
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
Almost All

Nearly 250 million years ago, the Earth was shaken by the amplest extinction known so far, which led to the extinction of up to 96% of all the marine species, 70% of the vertebrate species, and almost all the insects. This extinction affected the whole range of biodiversity so much. Nature took almost 10 million years to recover after this event. Life was really in danger on our planet at that moment, due to the dismal conditions that were created, and the current research shows that these dire conditions continued to occur, in the natural environment, after that, triggering numerous outbreaks that occurred for five to six million years following the initial crisis, triggered by the carbon rise and the repeated shortages of oxygen, the increased warming and other such adverse effects, which, once initiated, were uncontrollable and had disastrous effects. When life returned to normal and, gradually, after several million years, a new beginning was possible, the significant elements that caused the disaster - global warming, acid rain - sound strangely familiar to us today.

Nutraceuticals for Human Health and Hypersensitivity Reaction

2022 ◽  
pp. 1184-1202
Author(s):  
Anamika Basu ◽  
Anasua Sarkar ◽  
Piyali Basak
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Dust Mites ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Normal Physiological Function

An allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to a substance called an antigen, e.g., pollen from grasses, dust mites, etc. The drugs used for allergy in allopathy have undesirable side effects. The use of medicinal plants becomes popular due to the adverse effects of allopathic drugs. Nutraceuticals are food playing a significant role in maintaining normal physiological function. Mast cells are immunologically important cells found in almost all parts of our body, and contain histamines, leukotrienes within their granular sacs, along with those of basophils, are responsible for the symptoms of allergy. According to sources mast cell stabilizers can be classified into three categories, e.g., synthetic, semi synthetic and natural. Mast cell stabilising agents from natural resources can be obtained from different group of compounds, e.g., flavonoids, coumarins, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids. In this book chapter, the active constituents present in them and their mode of action are highlighted using techniques of computational biology, e.g., molecular docking, etc.

scholarly journals Knowledge regarding adverse effects of selected cosmetic products among higher secondary level girl students, Chitwan

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
R Shrestha ◽  
J Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Nail Polish ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Girl Students

Cosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance or odour of the human body. The age that females begin wearing makeup gets younger and younger with every new generation. A descriptive study design was used to find out knowledge regarding adverse effects of selected cosmetic products among higher secondary level girl students. A total 70 female students of Maiya Devi Girls’ College, Bharatpur-10, Chitwan, 34 students of grade 11 and 36 students of grade 12 were selected by using probability simple random sampling lottery method. The result revealed that out of 70 respondents, 30% were of age 17 years, 51.4% were studying in grade 12. 34.3% respondents’ had experienced adverse effects from using cosmetic products, 50% had experienced acne, almost all respondent’s 98.6% got information of cosmetic products from television. Majority 82.9% of the respondents answered that cosmetic products are the substance use to enhance the appearance of body. Cent percent respondents’ had knowledge that lipstick cause lip cancer, 88.6% had knowledge that kajal cause dry eye syndrome, 97.1% had knowledge that skin lightening cream and sunscreen cause skin cancer and perfumes cause skin irritation, 87.1% had knowledge that mascara cause eye irritation, and 98.6% had knowledge that nail polish cause cancer and reading expiry and manufacture date can prevent the occurrence of adverse effects. Majority 72.9% of respondents had average level of knowledge, 17.1% had low level of knowledge and 10.0% had high level of knowledge. Statistically there was significant association between level of knowledge of the respondents’ regarding adverse effects of selected cosmetic products and grade of respondents (p = 0.044). 

scholarly journals RBC Transfusion Triggers: Is There Anything New?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-369
Author(s):  
Tina Tomic Mahecic ◽  
Martin Dünser ◽  
Jens Meier
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Erythrocyte Concentrates ◽  
Optimal Time Point ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Rbc Transfusion ◽  
Time Point

For many years, in daily clinical practice, the traditional 10/30 rule (hemoglobin 10 g/dL – hematocrit 30%) has been the most commonly used trigger for blood transfusions. Over the years, this approach is believed to have contributed to a countless number of unnecessary transfusions and an unknown number of overtransfusion-related deaths. Recent studies have shown that lower hemoglobin levels can safely be accepted, even in critically ill patients. However, even these new transfusion thresholds are far beyond the theoretical limits of individual anemia tolerance. For this reason, almost all publications addressing the limits of acute anemia recommend physiological transfusion triggers to indicate the transfusion of erythrocyte concentrates as an alternative. Although this concept appears intuitive at first glance, no solid scientific evidence supports the safety and benefit of physiological transfusion triggers to indicate the optimal time point for transfusion of allogeneic blood. It is therefore imperative to continue searching for the most sensitive and specific parameters that can guide the clinician when to transfuse in order to avoid anemia-induced organ dysfunction while avoiding overtransfusion-related adverse effects. This narrative review discusses the concept of anemia tolerance and critically compares hemoglobin-based triggers with physiological transfusion for various clinical indications.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals Mediated Remediation of Neurotoxicity Induced by Heavy Metals

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Gupta ◽  
Shweta Singh ◽  
Anju Agrawal ◽  
Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi ◽  
Bechan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Almost All

Almost all the environmental components including both the abiotic and biotic factors have been consistently threatened by excessive contamination of heavy metals continuously released from various sources. Different heavy metals have been reported to generate adverse effects in many ways. Heavy metals induced neurotoxicity and impairment in signalling cascade leading to cell death (apoptosis) has been indicated by several workers. On one hand, these metals are required by the cellular systems to regulate various biological functions of normal cells, while on the other their biomagnification in the cellular systems produces adverse effects. The mechanism by which the heavy metals induce neurotoxicity follows free radicals production pathway(s) specially the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. These free radicals produced in excess have been shown to create an imbalance between the oxidative and antioxidative systems leading to emergence of oxidative stress, which may cause necrosis, DNA damage, and many neurodegenerative disorders. This mini review summarizes the current knowledge available on the protective role of varied natural products isolated from different herbs/plants in imparting protection against heavy metals (cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury) mediated neurotoxicity.

Neurobehavioral Assessment of Children and Adolescents Attending a Developmental Disabilities Clinic

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1079-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Robert Brašić ◽  
Jacqueline Y. Barnett ◽  
S. Kowalik ◽  
Margaret Owen Tsaltas ◽  
Raheela Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Assessment Battery ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Comparable Population

Although the risk of the eventual development of tardive dyskinesia and other persistent adverse effects of neuroleptics is high, among adults with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities, neuroleptics may ameliorate dyskinesias, aggression, and inattention. The effects of traditional neuroleptics on a comparable population of children and adolescents with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities are unknown. The objective of this study was to develop an assessment battery to describe the effects of traditional neuroleptics on the behavior and movements of a small sample of children and adolescents with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities. 13 children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years attending a developmental disabilities clinic were evaluated utilizing a Movement Assessment Battery to measure behavior and motions. Five subjects took traditional neuroleptic medications. Trained raters can reliably assess the movements and behaviors of children and adolescents with multiple handicaps. Children and adolescents with developmental disabilities may be vulnerable to experience functional impairment and akathisia, tics, and other dyskinesias when administered traditional neuroleptic medications.

A Preliminary Survey of the Nematode and Cestode Parasites of Sheep in North Wales, October, 1923, to September, 1924

1926 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Norman Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Parasitic Worms

As a result of complaints received from farmers as to the presence of parasitic worms in sheep, an attempt was made during the period October 1923 to September 1924 (inclusive) to ascertain the distribution and relative abundance of the more usual parasitic worms inhabiting the alimentary canal of sheep in North Wales. Regular collections were made from the following centres:—Pwllheli, Carnarvon, Bangor, Conway and Llandudno, with a few records also from Colwyn Bay, Bethesda, Menai Bridge and Denbigh. All the sheep examined were slaughtered for food purposes, practically the whole being obtained from slaughter houses. Almost all had grazed for considerable periods on the farms in the district mentioned, at elevations varying from sea level to 600 feet.

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