Intragastric balloon reduces food intake and body weight in rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (4) ◽  
pp. R794-R797 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Geliebter ◽  
S. Westreich ◽  
D. Gage ◽  
S. A. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Intragastric Balloon ◽  
Gastric Surgery ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Muscularis Externa

To test a less invasive method than gastric surgery for treating obesity, balloons were nonsurgically inserted in the stomachs of adult rats (mean wt = 537 g) for 8 wk. One group received balloons that were inflated with 7 ml of water, a second group had balloons inserted that were deflated, and a third group had no balloons inserted. Rats with inflated balloons ingested 27% less food (P less than 0.0005) during the 8 wk and weighted 16% less (P less than 0.05) at the end of this period than rats with deflated balloons or no balloons. Their food intake was significantly depressed through the 7th wk. The stomachs of the rats with inflated balloons were significantly heavier than the others with a thicker muscularis externa. Body composition was not significantly different among groups. A chronic intragastric balloon significantly reduced food intake and body weight.

scholarly journals Maternal low-protein diet during lactation programmes body composition and glucose homeostasis in the adult rat offspring

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 922-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. S. Fagundes ◽  
E. G. Moura ◽  
M. C. F. Passos ◽  
E. Oliveira ◽  
F. P. Toste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Maternal Protein Restriction ◽  
Total Body

Previously we have reported that maternal malnutrition during lactation programmes body weight and thyroid function in the adult offspring. In the present study we evaluated the effect of maternal protein restriction during lactation upon body composition and hormones related to glucose homeostasis in adult rats. During lactation, Wistar lactating rats and their pups were divided into two experimental groups: control (fed a normal diet; 23 % protein) and protein-restricted (PR; fed a diet containing 8 % protein). At weaning, offspring received a normal diet until they were 180 d old. Body weight (BW) and food intake were monitored. Serum, adrenal glands, visceral fat mass (VFM) and carcasses were collected. PR rats showed lower BW ( − 13 %; P < 0·05), VFM ( − 33 %; P < 0·05), total body fat ( − 33 %; P < 0·05), serum glucose ( − 7 %; P < 0·05), serum insulin ( − 26 %, P < 0·05), homeostasis model assessment index ( − 20 %), but higher total adrenal catecholamine content (+90 %; P < 0·05) and serum corticosterone concentration (+51 %; P < 0·05). No change was observed in food intake, protein mass or total body water. The lower BW of PR rats is due to a reduction of white fat tissue, probably caused by an increase in lipolysis or impairment of lipogenesis; both effects could be related to higher catecholaminergic status, as well as to hypoinsulinaemia. To conclude, changes in key hormones which control intermediary metabolism are programmed by maternal protein restriction during lactation, resulting in BW alterations in adult rats.

Effects of meal frequency on energy utilization in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. R616-R621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Hill ◽  
J. C. Anderson ◽  
D. Lin ◽  
F. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effects of differences in meal frequency on body weight, body composition, and energy expenditure were studied in mildly food-restricted male rats. Two groups were fed approximately 80% of usual food intake (as periodically determined in a group of ad libitum fed controls) for 131 days. One group received all of its food in 2 meals/day and the other received all of its food in 10-12 meals/day. The two groups did not differ in food intake, body weight, body composition, food efficiency (carcass energy gain per amount of food eaten), or energy expenditure at any time during the study. Both food-restricted groups had a lower food intake, body weight gain, and energy expenditure than a group of ad libitum-fed controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that amount of food eaten, but not the pattern with which it is ingested, has a major influence on energy balance during mild food restriction.

scholarly journals Body composition and appetite: fat-free mass (but not fat mass or BMI) is positively associated with self-determined meal size and daily energy intake in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Blundell ◽  
Phillipa Caudwell ◽  
Catherine Gibbons ◽  
Mark Hopkins ◽  
Erik Näslund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Daily Energy

The idea of body weight regulation implies that a biological mechanism exerts control over energy expenditure and food intake. This is a central tenet of energy homeostasis. However, the source and identity of the controlling mechanism have not been identified, although it is often presumed to be some long-acting signal related to body fat, such as leptin. Using a comprehensive experimental platform, we have investigated the relationship between biological and behavioural variables in two separate studies over a 12-week intervention period in obese adults (totaln92). All variables have been measured objectively and with a similar degree of scientific control and precision, including anthropometric factors, body composition, RMR and accumulative energy consumed at individual meals across the whole day. Results showed that meal size and daily energy intake (EI) were significantly correlated with fat-free mass (FFM,Pvalues < 0·02–0·05) but not with fat mass (FM) or BMI (Pvalues 0·11–0·45) (study 1,n58). In study 2 (n34), FFM (but not FM or BMI) predicted meal size and daily EI under two distinct dietary conditions (high-fat and low-fat). These data appear to indicate that, under these circumstances, some signal associated with lean mass (but not FM) exerts a determining effect over self-selected food consumption. This signal may be postulated to interact with a separate class of signals generated by FM. This finding may have implications for investigations of the molecular control of food intake and body weight and for the management of obesity.

Effect of intracerebroventricular angiotensin II on body weight and food intake in adult rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. R422-R428 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Porter ◽  
Kristen R. Potratz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Increase Water Consumption

We recently reported that intracerebroventricular infusions of ANG II decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure in young rats. The aim of the present study was to determine if intracerebroventricular ANG II has similar effects in adult rats. The time course of the effect was also investigated with the idea that at earlier time points, a potential role for increased hypothalamic expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the anorexia could be established. Finally, the contribution of ANG II-induced water drinking to the decrease in food intake was directly investigated. Rats received intracerebroventricular saline or ANG II using osmotic minipumps. Food intake, water intake, and body weight were measured daily. Experiments were terminated 2, 5, or 11 days after the beginning of the infusions. ANG II (∼ 32 ng·kg−1·min−1) produced a transient decrease in food intake that lasted for 4–5 days although body weight continued to be decreased for the entire experiment most likely due to increased energy expenditure as evidenced by increased uncoupling protein-1 mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue. At 11 and 5 days, the expression of CRH mRNA was decreased. At 2 days, CRH expression was not suppressed even though body weight was decreased. The decrease in food intake and body weight was identical whether or not rats were allowed to increase water consumption. These data suggest that in adult rats ANG II acts within the brain to affect food intake and energy expenditure in a manner that is not related to water intake.

scholarly journals Effect of increasing dietary calcium through supplements and dairy food on body weight and body composition: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 1013-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison O. Booth ◽  
Catherine E. Huggins ◽  
Naiyana Wattanapenpaiboon ◽  
Caryl A. Nowson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Randomised Controlled

This meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials assessed the effect of Ca on body weight and body composition through supplementation or increasing dairy food intake. Forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria (including fifty-one trial arms; thirty-one with dairy foods (n 2091), twenty with Ca supplements (n 2711). Ca intake was approximately 900 mg/d higher in the supplement groups compared with control. In the dairy group, Ca intake was approximately 1300 mg/d. Ca supplementation did not significantly affect body weight (mean change ( − 0·17, 95 % CI − 0·70, 0·37) kg) or body fat (mean change ( − 0·19, 95 % CI − 0·51, 0·13) kg) compared to control. Similarly, increased dairy food intake did not affect body weight ( − 0·06, 95 % CI − 0·54, 0·43) kg or body fat change ( − 0·36, 95 % CI − 0·80, 0·09) kg compared to control. Sub-analyses revealed that dairy supplementation resulted in no change in body weight (nineteen studies, n 1010) ( − 0·32, 95 % CI − 0·93, 0·30 kg, P= 0·31), but a greater reduction in body fat (thirteen studies, n 564) ( − 0·96, 95 % CI − 1·46, − 0·46 kg, P < 0·001) in the presence of energy restriction over a mean of 4 months compared to control. Increasing dietary Ca intake by 900 mg/d as supplements or increasing dairy intake to approximately 3 servings daily (approximately 1300 mg of Ca/d) is not an effective weight reduction strategy in adults. There is, however, an indication that approximately 3 servings of dairy may facilitate fat loss on weight reduction diets in the short term.

Postnatal intracerebroventricular exposure to neuropeptide Y causes weight loss in female adult rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. R1560-R1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Varma ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Lisa Weissfeld ◽  
Sherin U. Devaskar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Arcuate Nuclei

We investigated the effect of repetitive postnatal (2–7 days) intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on food intake and body weight gain in the 3- to 120-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. NPY caused a 32% transient increase in body weight gain with elevated circulating insulin concentrations within 24 h. This early intervention led to the persistence of hyperinsulinemia and relative hyperleptinemia with euglycemia in the 120-day-old female alone. This perturbation was associated with 50% suppression in adult female hypothalamic NPY concentrations and a 50–85% decline in NPY immunoreactivity in the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei. This change was paralleled by a ∼20% decline in food intake and body weight gain at 60 and 120 days. However, when exogenous NPY was stereotaxically reinjected into the paraventricular nucleus of the ∼120-day-old adult females who were pretreated with NPY postnatally, an increase in food intake and body weight gain was noted, attesting to no disruption in the NPY end-organ responsivity. We conclude that postnatal intracerebroventricular NPY has long-lasting effects that predetermine the resultant adult phenotype in a sex-specific manner.

scholarly journals Variations in body weight, food intake and body composition after long-term high-fat diet feeding in C57BL/6J mice

Obesity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 2147-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongbin Yang ◽  
Daniel L. Smith ◽  
Karen D. Keating ◽  
David B. Allison ◽  
Tim R. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat

Suppression of Food Intake in the Rat by Tung Oil

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 733-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. McPherson Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Tung Oil ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Tung oil has previously been found to suppress voluntary food intake when mixed with the diet. When tung oil or corn oil were fed by stomach tube to weanling and adult rats, the voluntary intake of laboratory chow was depressed by both lipids. The corn-oil fed animals readjusted their caloric intake to their prefeeding level in adults and to the level consumed by chow-only fed weanlings of the same age. However, the tung-oil fed adult animals consumed only one-half the dry food intake of the corn-oil fed animals (p < 0.001). Consequently the adult tung-oil fed animals lost significantly more (p < 0.01) of their body weight than did the corn-oil fed controls. This suggests that the mechanism of suppression of food intake by tung oil operates at some level other than taste or consistency of the diet.

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