scholarly journals Maternal low-protein diet during lactation programmes body composition and glucose homeostasis in the adult rat offspring

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 922-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. S. Fagundes ◽  
E. G. Moura ◽  
M. C. F. Passos ◽  
E. Oliveira ◽  
F. P. Toste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Maternal Protein Restriction ◽  
Total Body

Previously we have reported that maternal malnutrition during lactation programmes body weight and thyroid function in the adult offspring. In the present study we evaluated the effect of maternal protein restriction during lactation upon body composition and hormones related to glucose homeostasis in adult rats. During lactation, Wistar lactating rats and their pups were divided into two experimental groups: control (fed a normal diet; 23 % protein) and protein-restricted (PR; fed a diet containing 8 % protein). At weaning, offspring received a normal diet until they were 180 d old. Body weight (BW) and food intake were monitored. Serum, adrenal glands, visceral fat mass (VFM) and carcasses were collected. PR rats showed lower BW ( − 13 %; P < 0·05), VFM ( − 33 %; P < 0·05), total body fat ( − 33 %; P < 0·05), serum glucose ( − 7 %; P < 0·05), serum insulin ( − 26 %, P < 0·05), homeostasis model assessment index ( − 20 %), but higher total adrenal catecholamine content (+90 %; P < 0·05) and serum corticosterone concentration (+51 %; P < 0·05). No change was observed in food intake, protein mass or total body water. The lower BW of PR rats is due to a reduction of white fat tissue, probably caused by an increase in lipolysis or impairment of lipogenesis; both effects could be related to higher catecholaminergic status, as well as to hypoinsulinaemia. To conclude, changes in key hormones which control intermediary metabolism are programmed by maternal protein restriction during lactation, resulting in BW alterations in adult rats.

Intragastric balloon reduces food intake and body weight in rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (4) ◽  
pp. R794-R797 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Geliebter ◽  
S. Westreich ◽  
D. Gage ◽  
S. A. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Intragastric Balloon ◽  
Gastric Surgery ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Muscularis Externa

To test a less invasive method than gastric surgery for treating obesity, balloons were nonsurgically inserted in the stomachs of adult rats (mean wt = 537 g) for 8 wk. One group received balloons that were inflated with 7 ml of water, a second group had balloons inserted that were deflated, and a third group had no balloons inserted. Rats with inflated balloons ingested 27% less food (P less than 0.0005) during the 8 wk and weighted 16% less (P less than 0.05) at the end of this period than rats with deflated balloons or no balloons. Their food intake was significantly depressed through the 7th wk. The stomachs of the rats with inflated balloons were significantly heavier than the others with a thicker muscularis externa. Body composition was not significantly different among groups. A chronic intragastric balloon significantly reduced food intake and body weight.

Temporal Evaluation of Body Composition, Glucose Homeostasis and Lipid Profile of Male Rats Programmed by Maternal Protein Restriction During Lactation

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 866-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. S. Fagundes ◽  
E. G. Moura ◽  
M. C. F. Passos ◽  
A. P. Santos-Silva ◽  
E. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Maternal Protein Restriction

The impact of maternal protein restriction during perinatal life on the response to a septic insult in adult rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Reza Khazaee ◽  
Anastasiya Vinokurtseva ◽  
Lynda A. McCaig ◽  
Cory Yamashita ◽  
Daniel B. Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Maternal Protein Restriction ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Septic Insult

Abstract Although abundant evidence exists that adverse events during pregnancy lead to chronic conditions, there is limited information on the impact of acute insults such as sepsis. This study tested the hypothesis that impaired fetal development leads to altered organ responses to a septic insult in both male and female adult offspring. Fetal growth restricted (FGR) rats were generated using a maternal protein-restricted diet. Male and female FGR and control diet rats were housed until 150–160 d of age when they were exposed either a saline (control) or a fecal slurry intraperitoneal (Sepsis) injection. After 6 h, livers and lungs were analyzed for inflammation and, additionally, the amounts and function of pulmonary surfactant were measured. The results showed increases in the steady-state mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in the liver in response to the septic insult in both males and females; these responses were not different between FGR and control diet groups. In the lungs, cytokines were not detectable in any of the experimental groups. A significant decrease in the relative amount of surfactant was observed in male FGR offspring, but this was not observed in control males or in female animals. Overall, it is concluded that FGR induced by maternal protein restriction does not impact liver and lung inflammatory response to sepsis in either male or female adult rats. An altered septic response in male FGR offspring with respect to surfactant may imply a contribution to lung dysfunction.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Short-term Ketogenic, High Fat and Fructose-enriched Diets on Metabolic Parameters in Mice (P08-042-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Cortez ◽  
John Solitro ◽  
Brian Hong ◽  
Emily Villarreal ◽  
Gerardo Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Glucose Levels

Abstract Objectives Dietary composition influences multiple facets of human health and is inextricably linked to chronic metabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a ketogenic (KD), a high fat (HF), and a fructose-enriched (FR) diets on glucose homeostasis, body composition and grip strength performance in mice. Methods Healthy C57BL/6 J mice (5–6 mice/group) were fed, either a control diet containing approximately 16% total calories from fat (CT), a diet containing 89% fat (KD), a diet with 50% total calories from fat (HF), or a diet with 32% fructose as carbohydrate source (FR). All diets contained 10% protein and all mice were fed ad libitum for 8 weeks. At baseline and 8 weeks, we evaluated body composition using NMR relaxometry, grip strength, non-fasting glucose levels, and ketone levels. In addition, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted by administering glucose by oral gavage (1 g/kg body weight) after 15 hour-fasting and blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after glucose administration. Results All mice, irrespectively of their experimental diet groups, increased their body weight, fat mass and adiposity without significant differences among them. After 4 weeks, the HF (P < 0.05) and FR (P < 0.01) groups had significantly higher glucose levels than control. At 8 weeks, the KD groups showed an improved glucose homeostasis compared to CT group, as determined by OGTT. Moreover, compared to the CT group, grip strength performance increased (although did not reached significance) in the KD group (P = 0.054), and decreased in the FR group (P < 0.05). Moreover, when compared to their respective baseline values, grip strength performance increased in KD-fed mice and decreased in FR-fed mice, but differences among them were not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Conclusions Our preliminary findings indicate that altering macronutrient composition can lead to metabolic and physiological changes. Among the three diets tested, the KD showed an improved glucose utilization and better grip strength performance in mice. Additional mechanistic studies are warranted to better understand these metabolic differences among the experimental diets. Funding Sources funds from the University of California, Davis.

Maternal protein restriction in pregnancy and/or lactation affects seminiferous tubule organization in male rat offspring

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Rodríguez-González ◽  
R. M. Vigueras-Villaseñor ◽  
S. Millán ◽  
N. Moran ◽  
R. Trejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation ◽  
Maternal Protein Restriction ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation

Maternal protein restriction (MPR) during pregnancy impaired the reproduction of male offspring. We investigated, during the first wave of spermatogenesis, whether MPR exerts deleterious effects on germ cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as androgen receptor (AR) protein expression, which was used as a marker for Sertoli cell (SC) maturation. At the beginning of pregnancy (day 0), dams were fed a control diet (C: 20% casein) or a restricted isocaloric diet (R: 10% casein). After birth, four groups were established: CC, RR, CR and RC (first letter diet during pregnancy and second during lactation). Male offspring were studied at postnatal days 14, 21 and 36. At birth, pup body weight was unchanged. Body weight and testis weight were reduced in RR and CR groups at all ages evaluated. MPR delayed the germinal epithelium development at all ages evaluated. On performing Western blot and immunohistochemistry, AR expression was found to be lower in the three restricted groups. The results suggest that MPR during pregnancy and/or lactation delays SC maturation and germ cell differentiation, and affects intratubular organization. These changes might be responsible for the lower fertility rate at older ages.

scholarly journals Předsoutěžní redukce tělesné hmotnosti a její vliv na tělesné složení

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Klára Coufalová ◽  
Ivana Kinkorová ◽  
Lucia Malá ◽  
Jan Heller
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Multifrequency Bioimpedance ◽  
Total Body

The aim of our study was to monitor changes in individual components of body composition due to reduction in body weight in judo. This precontest weight reduction is very common in combat sports and it can have negative impact not only on performance but also on health. Research group consisted of 11 judoists at the age of 17-27 years belonging to the representation of the Czech Republic. The measurement of body composition had two parts; the first was before body weight reduction and the second part at the end of body weight reduction. For the measurement of body composition we used multifrequency bioimpedance analyzer BIA 2000 - M. The results of our study show that rapid intensive weight reduction is reflected in varying degrees in all parameters of body composition. We noticed a reduction of body weight by an average of 4.7% (approximately 3.8 kg), the weight loss ranged from 1.6 kg to 8.1 kg. The greatest changes in the parameters of body composition were detected in the extracellular water (ECW), there was a decrease of this parameter on average by 13.8 %, while total body water (TBW) decreased by 6.0 %. There was also a reduction in the amount of body fat by 13.2 %, the amount of extracellular mass (ECM) decreased by 9.8 %, the ratio of ECM/BCM by 8.9 % and the amount of fat-free mass (FFM) decreased by 4.0 %. Only in intracellular water (ICW), we noticed a slight increase by 1.4 %, which may be due to the redistribution of body fluids. Changes of particular parameters of body composition were statistically and substantively significant.

Effects of meal frequency on energy utilization in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. R616-R621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Hill ◽  
J. C. Anderson ◽  
D. Lin ◽  
F. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effects of differences in meal frequency on body weight, body composition, and energy expenditure were studied in mildly food-restricted male rats. Two groups were fed approximately 80% of usual food intake (as periodically determined in a group of ad libitum fed controls) for 131 days. One group received all of its food in 2 meals/day and the other received all of its food in 10-12 meals/day. The two groups did not differ in food intake, body weight, body composition, food efficiency (carcass energy gain per amount of food eaten), or energy expenditure at any time during the study. Both food-restricted groups had a lower food intake, body weight gain, and energy expenditure than a group of ad libitum-fed controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that amount of food eaten, but not the pattern with which it is ingested, has a major influence on energy balance during mild food restriction.

scholarly journals 349 Empty body composition and retained energy of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Kaitlyn Wesley ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body

Abstract This experiment was designed to quantify the empty body composition of Jersey steers administered an aggressive implant strategy. Jersey steers {n = 30; initial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg} were randomly assigned to one of two implant strategies: negative control (CON), or implanted with Revalor 200 (200 mg trenbalone acetate / 20 mg estradiol 17-β; (REV) every 70 d (d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) during a 420 d feeding period. Steers were harvested on d 421; 6 CON and 6 REV steers were randomly selected for collection of blood, hide, ground viscera, bone, and ground lean and fat to determine empty body composition. Proximate analysis was completed for each sample to determine total body percentages of moisture, crude protein, fat, and ash. Data were analyzed via independent t-test. Percentage empty body moisture (46.48% CON vs 49.69% REV) and empty body protein (15.32% CON vs 17.58% REV) were greater (P &lt; 0.01) in REV cattle. In contrast empty body fat (33.51% CON vs 26.93% REV) was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for CON cattle. Empty body ash did not differ (P &gt; 0.10; 4.69% CON vs 5.80% REV) between treatments. Negative control steers contained a total empty body protein to total empty body fat ratio of 0.44:1 compared to 0.62:1 for REV steers. These data suggest that an aggressive implant strategy alters composition of gain during the finishing of Jersey steers toward increased protein and decreased fat.

scholarly journals Body composition and appetite: fat-free mass (but not fat mass or BMI) is positively associated with self-determined meal size and daily energy intake in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Blundell ◽  
Phillipa Caudwell ◽  
Catherine Gibbons ◽  
Mark Hopkins ◽  
Erik Näslund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Daily Energy

The idea of body weight regulation implies that a biological mechanism exerts control over energy expenditure and food intake. This is a central tenet of energy homeostasis. However, the source and identity of the controlling mechanism have not been identified, although it is often presumed to be some long-acting signal related to body fat, such as leptin. Using a comprehensive experimental platform, we have investigated the relationship between biological and behavioural variables in two separate studies over a 12-week intervention period in obese adults (totaln92). All variables have been measured objectively and with a similar degree of scientific control and precision, including anthropometric factors, body composition, RMR and accumulative energy consumed at individual meals across the whole day. Results showed that meal size and daily energy intake (EI) were significantly correlated with fat-free mass (FFM,Pvalues < 0·02–0·05) but not with fat mass (FM) or BMI (Pvalues 0·11–0·45) (study 1,n58). In study 2 (n34), FFM (but not FM or BMI) predicted meal size and daily EI under two distinct dietary conditions (high-fat and low-fat). These data appear to indicate that, under these circumstances, some signal associated with lean mass (but not FM) exerts a determining effect over self-selected food consumption. This signal may be postulated to interact with a separate class of signals generated by FM. This finding may have implications for investigations of the molecular control of food intake and body weight and for the management of obesity.

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