Chronic chlorpromazine administration in rats: effects on ability to work in the heat

1981 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Francesconi ◽  
M. Mager
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Circulating Levels

To identify and quantitate the effects of chronic chlorpromazine (CPZ) administration on the ability to work in the heat, 2 mg CPZ were administered by intraperitoneal injection daily for 14 days to rats weighing between 250 and 350 g at the time of experimentation. When these animals exercised in the heat (35 degrees C) to hyperthermic exhaustion (Tre = 42.5-43 degrees C), it was demonstrated that their endurance capacity was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) when compared with saline-treated controls. Increments in rectal temperature while on the treadmill were significantly (P less than 0.02) elevated among th CPZ-treated rats. Exercise on the treadmill to hyperthermic exhaustion resulted in significantly (P less than 0.001) increased circulating levels of lactate and potassium when these were compared in blood samples taken immediately before and after exercise in the heat for both groups, but creatine phosphokinase levels were unaffected. Additionally, lactate levels were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in the postrun blood samples of CPZ-treated rats when compared with the appropriate saline-treated controls. We concluded from these studies that chronic administration of CPZ in rats reduces their ability to work in the heat. Further, their rate of heat gain while exercising in the heat is increased, and the combined effects of exercise in the heat and CPZ administration exacerbated the effects on the clinical chemical indices of heat-exercise injury.

Prostaglandin E1 hyperthermia: effects on ability to work in the heat

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Francesconi ◽  
M. Mager
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Prostaglandin E1 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Heat Injury ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
Circulating Levels

To assess the effects of preinduced hyperthermia on the ability to exercise in the heat, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was administered intracerebroventricularly to male rats weighing 275–350 g. Following injection of PGE1, a fever of 2 degrees developed within 20–30 min, at which time a 1-ml blood sample was taken. When these animals exercised in the heat (37 degrees C) to hyperthermic exhaustion (42.5–43 degrees C), their endurance capacity was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) when compared with controls. Exercise to hyperthermic exhaustion resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05, minimal) increased plasma levels of lactate, potassium, and urea nitrogen in both control animals and those receiving PGE1. However, PGE1 pretreatment did not exacerbate these increments. Plasma glucose and sodium levels were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in PGE1-treated animals, whereas glucose levels were reduced significantly (P less than 0.05) in both groups postrun. We concluded that preinduced hyperthermia severely reduces the ability to work in the heat. Although the clinical chemical indices of heat injury are unaffected by PGE1 pretreatment, the effects of PGE1 administration on circulating levels of glucose and sodium require further study.

Antagonism of serum tri-iodothyronine changes after injections of prolactin in the domestic fowl before and after hatching

1983 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Kühn ◽  
E. Decuypere ◽  
K. Hemschoote ◽  
L. Berghman ◽  
J. Paulussen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thyroid Metabolism ◽  
Ovine Prolactin ◽  
Circulating Levels

The influence of an intravenous injection of ovine prolactin on circulating levels of thyroid hormones was studied in Rhode Island Red embryos and chicks after hatching. In the chick embryo, 2 h after injection of 0·1 μg prolactin (on incubation day 19), serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) increased threefold; after 10 or 100 μg prolactin (on incubation day 18) serum T3 increased 15- to 25-fold. These profound increases were not observed in chicks after hatching. Serum concentrations and thyroid content of thyroxine (T4) in embryos and chicks of all ages studied were not influenced by the prolactin injections. Maximal serum concentrations of reverse T3 (rT3) were found on incubation day 18 (110·25 ± 23·36 pmol/l; 71·66 ± 15·18 pg/ml; n = 8), whereas after hatching no rT3 could be detected. An injection of 10 μg prolactin on day 18 depressed serum rT3 after 2 h to 5·68 ± 3·20 pmol/l (3·69 ± 2·08 pg/ml; n = 8; P<0·001); the effect of 100 μg prolactin was less pronounced. After hatching, chronic administration of prolactin resulted in decreased serum levels of T3, but not of T4, and hypertrophy of the follicles in the thyroid gland. It is concluded that prolactin plays a major role in the maturation of embryonic thyroid metabolism by changing the T4-5-monodeiodination into a T4-5′-monodeiodination. The hypertrophy of the thyroid gland observed after hatching following prolonged prolactin administration may be due to decreased negative feedback of T3 on the hypophysis.

scholarly journals The effect of surgery on the levels of matrix metalloproteinases in patients with inguinal hernia

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-634
Author(s):  
Sabina Strohalmová ◽  
Kateřina Levová ◽  
Aleš Antonín Kuběna ◽  
Zdeněk Krška ◽  
David Hoskovec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Metalloproteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Circulating Levels

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with the alteration of extracellular matrix. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors – TIMPs are influenced by the presence of inguinal hernia as well as by its surgical treatment. The studied group consisted of 25 patients with inguinal hernia and 21 healthy controls for comparison. Two blood samples - before and after the treatment were collected from patients. Serum concentrations of MMPs and TIMPs were analysed by multiplex immunoassays. There was a difference in circulating levels of MMPs in patients before the surgery compared to healthy controls – the concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly lower (p=0.026, p=0.018, respectively). After the surgery, the levels of MMPs, especially MMP-2 (p<0.0001), were significantly decreased in patients compared to the preoperative values, apart from MMP 9. On the contrary, MMP-9 showed significant increase after the surgery (p<0.0001). Circulation levels of TIMP-2 in patients were significantly decreased in comparison with controls (p=0.004), whereas levels of TIMP-1 were similar to controls. Both tested metalloproteinase inhibitors showed a significant decrease in detected levels (TIMP-1 p=0.0004; TIMP-2 p<0.0001) after the procedure compared to the preoperative values. The levels of MMPs, especially MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 are involved by the presence of inguinal hernia as well as are influenced by the surgery.

Differential impacts of trail and ultra-trail running on cytokine profiles: An observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sarah Skinner ◽  
Elie Nader ◽  
Emeric Stauffer ◽  
Mélanie Robert ◽  
Camille Boisson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Trail Running ◽  
Circulating Levels

BACKGROUND: Endurance running events are known to cause inflammation and result in increased cytokine production. However, the effects of ultramarathons on cytokine profiles are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe and compare the effects of a trail (40 km) race and an ultra-trail (171 km) race on leukocyte concentrations and cytokine profiles. METHODS: The study was conducted during the Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc® ultra-marathon running event, and included 11 runners who completed the 40 km trail run and 12 runners who completed the 171 km ultra-trail. Blood samples were taken before and after the races. RESULTS: Leukocyte concentrations significantly increased after both races. Circulating levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, and IFN-γ were significantly higher after the longer race compared to the shorter race. Furthermore, while both races resulted in significant increases in IL-6 and IL-8, only the longer race resulted in significant increases in MIP-1β, IL-7, IL-17a, and IL-4. CONCLUSIONS: These results illustrate that a 171 km ultra-trail race results in greater modulations in cytokine profiles than a traditional trail race.

Dietary Changes in Fasting Levels of Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII: C) Are Accompanied by Changes in Factor VII Protein and other Vitamin K-dependent Proteins

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (02) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Bladbjerg ◽  
T Tholstrup ◽  
P Marckmann ◽  
B Sandström ◽  
J Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Before And After

SummaryThe mechanisms behind dietary effects on fasting coagulant activity of factor VII (FVII: C) are not clarified. In the present study of 15 young volunteers, two experimental diets differing in composition of saturated fatty acids (C18:0 [diet S] or C12:0 + C14:0 [diet ML]) were served for 3 weeks each. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after the dietary regimen and analysed for triglycerides, FVII:C, and protein concentrations of FVII, FII, FX, protein C, CRP, albumin, fibrinogen, and F1+2. FVII:C was significantly reduced on diet S compared with diet ML. This was accompanied by a decrease in FVII protein, F1+2 and the vitamin K-dependent proteins FII, FX, and protein C. In contrast, no changes were observed in triglycerides, FVII:C/FVII: Ag, albumin and CRP. Fibrinogen was increased on diet S compared with diet ML. Our findings suggest that the change in fasting FVII:C was part of a general change in concentrations of vitamin K-dependent proteins.

ADRENAL 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID SECRETION IN THE DOG IN RESPONSE TO ETHANOL

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suzuki ◽  
R. Higashi ◽  
T. Hirose ◽  
H. Ikeda ◽  
K. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Conscious dogs were infused intravenously with ethanol in doses of 0.7 and 1.0 g/kg. The adrenal venous blood samples were collected before and after the infusion of ethanol and analysed for 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS). After the infusion of 0.7 g/kg (subanaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate showed either a slight increase or no change. After the infusion of 1.0 g/kg (anaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate increased markedly and reached 1.21±0.15 (mean±sem) μg/kg/min, while it was 0.09±0.023 μg/kg/min before the infusion.

INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD ON THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE-INDUCED PROLACTIN RELEASE IN EWES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. HOWLAND ◽  
D. SONYA ◽  
L. M. SANFORD ◽  
W. M. PALMER
Keyword(s):  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Prolactin Release ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Release Curve ◽  
Short Days

The influence of photoperiod on serum prolactin levels and prolactin release induced by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was determined in ewes maintained under the following lighting regimes: Room 1, lighting mimicked natural changes in photoperiod; Room 2, annual photoperiod changes condensed into 6 mo with short days in June; Room 3, same as Room 2 except photoperiod changed abruptly from 16.5 to 8.0 h on 21 Mar. and back to 16.5 h on 21 June; Room 4, constant light. Weekly blood samples were obtained from February to August. Additionally, blood samples were collected before and after treatment with 10 μg TRH on 19 May, 13 June, 27 June and 19 July. Prolactin levels were elevated in ewes exposed to long days or constant light. The mean of all pre-TRH samples was significantly correlated with stress-induced elevations in prolactin (highest pre-TRH value) (r = 0.72) and area under the TRH-induced release curve (r = 0.56). The prolactin release in response to TRH was greatest in ewes exposed to long days or constant light. Abrupt increase of day length elevated pretreatment prolactin levels (P < 0.01) and increased area under the response curve (P < 0.05). Key words: Photoperiod, TRH, prolactin, ewes

Osmolal and Anion Gaps in Patients Admitted to an Emergency Medical Department

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Aabakken ◽  
Kjerstin S. Johansen ◽  
Else-Berit Rydningen ◽  
Jan E. Bredesen ◽  
Steinar Øvrebø ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Unselected Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Osmolal Gap

1 Osmolal and anion gaps are helpful in the diagnosis and evaluation of intoxications with methanol and ethylene glycol. Reported reference values for osmolal gap and anion gap are -1 (± 6) mosm kg-1 H2O and 16 (± 2) mmol I -1, respectively. However, we have repeatedly found unexplained increased gaps in patients admitted to our department, and the relevance of the established reference values has been questioned. 2 Osmolal and anion gaps were determined in an unselected population of patients consecutively admitted to an emergency medical department. In the case of unexplained gaps, the blood samples were analysed with respect to the presence of alcohols and organic acids. 3 We included all accessible patients admitted during 14 days. Appropriate blood samples were obtained in 177 patients (88 male, 89 female), with a mean age of 65 years (range 17-94). 4 The mean and (standard deviation) for osmolal and anion gaps in our material were 5.2 mosm kg-1 H2O (7.0) and 12.9 mmol/l (4.2). Neither methanol nor ethylene-glycol was detected in serum from any patients. Small amounts of ethanol were found in 5 patients, and high lactate levels explained in part the most extensively increased anion gaps. However, the calculated analytical standard deviation accounted entirely for the variation in our material, and we suggest that the present reference values be adjusted.

PERBANDINGAN KADAR ENZIM KREATININ FOSFOKINASE DAN NYERI OTOT SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH LATIHAN BERENANG SELAMA EMPAT MINGGU PADA PERENANG UNIT KEGIATAN MAHASISWA KLUB RENANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nur Akmal Binti A'ffan ◽  
Reni Farenia ◽  
Delita Prihatni
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Enzyme Elevation

A research has been done to compare the differences on the enzyme creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level and muscle soreness before and after 4-weeks swim practices on swimmers of College swimming club. Eighteen healthy male swimmers (mean ± SD; age: 19,94 ± 1,86 years; weight: 65,28 ± 6,14 kg; height: 1,72 ± 0,43 m) participated in this study. All subjects performed their 4-weeks swim practices which consist of 2x120 hours per week with 500 meters average daily swim distance and weight training. Blood was collected before and after the practices and CPK were analyzed. Questionnaires concerning muscle soreness were filled put before each blood draw. Results were analyzed using normality test and Wilcoxon signed rank test (p<0.05). There was significant increase in CPK level during 4-weeks swim practices by 59.41% (p=0.044). Whereas for muscle soreness (overall and specifically in arms and thighs), there was no significant differences between before and after the 4-weeks swim practices. As a conclusion, participation in 4-weeks swim practices resulted in significant serum CPK enzyme elevation, but there was lack of significance in muscle soreness differences on swimmers of College swimming club.

scholarly journals Stress and its effects on horses reproduction

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal M. AboEl-Maaty
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Low Cortisol ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Estradiol Levels ◽  
Repeat Breeder

A total of 90 mares and horses were subjected to blood sampling for determining the effect of management (farm), reproductive condition, sex, age, breed and month of the year during breeding on circulating levels of cortisol and sex hormones. Blood samples were collected from December to the following June from four farms. Blood sera underwent testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and cortisol assaying using ELISA kits. Cortisol levels were significantly low in lactating mares during their foal heat but significantly high levels were recorded in both repeat breeder mares and horses used for racing. High and significant testosterone and estradiol levels were recorded in both stallions used for breeding especially after semen collection and early pregnant mares. Similar testosterone levels were recorded in both early pregnant mares and racing horses but high levels were recorded in stallions. Estradiol was high in both early pregnant and mares with endometritis but the highest levels were observed in stallions. Horses held in private farms had high cortisol levels compared to those of governmental farms. In contrast to mares, horses had low cortisol and high estradiol levels. Cortisol levels were high from April to June (Spring and early summer) compared to its levels from December to March (Winter). Arab horses had low cortisol compared to native and imported foreign breeds. In conclusion, environmental condition, exercise, breed, management and the purpose of raising horses all are affecting its cortisol levels.

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