An analysis of the mechanism by which gamma-aminobutyric acid depresses ventilation in the rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hedner ◽  
T. Hedner ◽  
P. Wessberg ◽  
J. Jonason
Keyword(s):  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Aminooxyacetic Acid ◽  
Regulation Of Respiration ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Gaba Content

Intracerebroventricular administration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or intraperitoneal injection of the GABA transaminase A inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) depressed ventilation in halothane-anesthetized rats. The depression was due to changes in both respiratory frequency (f) and tidal volume (VT) after GABA, whereas AOAA decreased only f. Intracerebroventricular GABA decreased inspiratory drive (VT/TI; intrapulmonary pressure at 100 ms) but did not change the bulbopontine setting of inspiratory duration (TI). Moreover, respiratory duty cycle (TI/TT) was decreased, and the ventilatory response to CO2 exposure was blunted. The ventilatory depression induced by GABA was reversed by the GABA antagonist bicuculline. The GABA content measured 45 min after AOAA administration was significantly increased in the whole brain, the hemispheres, striatum, and lower spinal cord regions. Whole-brain GABA content was significantly correlated to the changes in f, minute ventilation, TI, expiratory duration (TE), and total cycle duration. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between brain stem GABA content and TI/TT but not VT/TI. In summary, GABA seems to interact with the central regulation of respiration at different levels in the brain. The main effect of increased endogenous concentrations of GABA is, however, a decrease in respiratory frequency due to a prolongation in TE.

Effect of centrally administered gamma-aminobutyric acid on metabolic function

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Kneussl ◽  
P. Pappagianopoulos ◽  
B. Hoop ◽  
H. Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Dead Space Volume ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Gaba Content ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Space Volume

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content of the brain increases during hypoxia and hypercapnia and GABA by itself is a central ventilatory depressant and may depress metabolism as well. Therefore the effect of centrally administered GABA by ventriculocisternal perfusion on O2 consumption (VO2) and CO2 production (VCO2) was studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. GABA (30 mM) in mock cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was perfused for 15 min at the rate of 1.0 ml/min followed by perfusion with mock CSF alone. Body temperature, perfusion pressure, and CSF pH were kept constant. Minute ventilation (VE) was kept constant mechanically. Under these conditions, VO2, VCO2, alveolar ventilation (VA), and relative pulmonary dead space volume (VD/VT) were measured. During perfusion with 30 mM GABA, mean VO2 (+/- SE) decreased from 96.5 +/- 3.3 to 81.9 +/- 5.1 ml/min, VCO2 from 72.1 +/- 3.8 to 60.7 +/- 3.0 ml/min, and VA from 1.7 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.1 l/min. VD/VT increased from 0.55 +/- 0.02 to 0.65 +/- 0.01. Perfusion with mock CSF alone restored these parameters to initial levels within 15 min. We conclude that centrally administered GABA depresses VO2 and VCO2. This reduction in metabolic function is independent of the central modulatory effects of GABA on respiration.

The preventing method of browning and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contained in Luffa cylindrica Roem. cultivated in Okinawa

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Hanagasaki Takashi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Solution ◽  
Gaba Content ◽  
Prevention Method

Luffa (Luffa cylindrica Roem.) is a popular vegetable in Okinawa, and it has abundant nutrients, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). We focused on GABA content in luffa, taking into consideration registering it as foods with functional claims in Japan. Besides, when selling cut luffa and frozen cut luffa at supermarkets, they are supposed to get browned due to air exposure and other causes. In the present study, we developed the prevention method of browning cut luffa and frozen cut luffa using 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 2.0 %, and 4.0 % ascorbic acid solution. It was found that 55 L of 4.0 % ascorbic acid solution could be used for soaking of 70 kg cut luffa to prevent browning, but GABA content decreased in food processing of luffa in the factory. Besides, GABA content in luffa fruits was found not to change during storage for 07 days at room temperature after harvest.

scholarly journals Study of boosting gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in germinated mung bean under hypoxia-anaerobic condition and evaluating the loss of GABA after boiling

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Trung Nhat Truong ◽  
Dao Thi Anh Dong
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Anaerobic Condition ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Gaba Content

In this study, we investigated some factors effected on GABA stimulation under hypoxia-anaerobic condition and evaluated the loss rate of GABA amount after boiling and drying. These factors include pH soaking water, temperature and time germination. We also carried out the germinated optimization based on above factors. The results showed the optimal conditions included: temperature was 36.6oC, time was 14.5 hours and pH was 5.83. The highest GABA was 1638.67ppm and higher 27.55 times than raw material. Seeds (after germinating) were boiled at 80oC in 15 minutes and dried at 50oC in 3 hours. Finally, we ground it to recover the germinated mung bean powder which moisture content was 6.13% and GABA content was 273.76ppm - 4.6 times higher than the raw powder.

scholarly journals Study the appropriate conditions to obtain germinated brown rice with high biological activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3B) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Van Anh Luu ◽  
Hang Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Giang Truong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Germinated Brown Rice ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Gaba Content

ABSTRACT – QMFS 2019Germinated brown rice strains contain more bioactive substances than germinated regular rice ones, however germination conditions play an important role in the activity and the content of those substances. The proper germination process provides the optimized active ingredients from rice that can be used for the production of nutritious beverages. In this study, we investigated the effects of pH, temperature and incubation time in microaerobic culture condition on the change of bioactive substances in AnhDao brown rice. The optimal germination condition with pH at 3, temperature of 35 0C and time for 36h release 109.11U/g of the α-amylase activity, 17.22(U/g) of the enzyme glutamate decacboxylase (GAD), 1.38(U/g) of protease, 231.76mg/100g of GABA content and 21.9 (mgGAE/100g) of polyphenol from germinated AnhDao brown rice. In nutrient evaluation, germinated AnhDao brown rice contains 65.53% of starch, 2.49% of lipid, 9.13%of protein, 2.04% of reducing sugar, and 1.26% of ash.Key words: Germinated brown rice, bioactive substances, α-amylase, protease, glutamate decacboxylase (GAD), Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA).

CSF GABA in depressed patients and normal controls

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Roy ◽  
Judith Dejong ◽  
Thomas Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Normal Controls

SYNOPSISThe inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Therefore, we examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of GABA in depressed patients (N = 25) and normal controls (N = 20). There was no significant difference between the groups. However, among the depressed patients the subgroup of unipolar melancholic patients (N = 13) had significantly lower CSF levels of GABA than the rest of the depressed patients (N = 12). There was no significant difference for CSF levels of GABA between depressed patients who were (N = 14) or were not (N = 11) cortisol non-suppressors. It was of interest that among the controls there was a significant negative correlation between CSF levels of GABA and CSF levels of norepinephrine.

scholarly journals Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and Sepsis-Related Encephalopathy

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Winder ◽  
G.Y. Minuk ◽  
E.J. Sargeant ◽  
T.P. Seland
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Sepsis ◽  
Gaba Content ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT:In order to determine whether disturbances in GABA homeostasis might play a role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-related encephalopathy, serum and brain tissue GABA concentrations from six areas of the brain (cortex, diencephalon, striatum, hippocampus, midbrain, and pons-medulla) were determined in a rat model of bacterial sepsis (cecal ligation and perforation). The results were compared to those obtained from sham operated control animals. All septic animals demonstrated clinical signs of encephalopathy and had elevated serum GABA levels (0.92 ± 0.3 uM versus 0.48 ± 0.15 in controls, p < 0.01). GABA content in the specific subcompartments of the brain, however, were similar in the two groups. These results indicate that although serum GABA levels are elevated during sepsis, GABA is unlikely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-related encephalopathy.

scholarly journals Increasing γ-Aminobutyric Acid Content in Vegetable Soybeans via High-Pressure Processing and Efficacy of Their Antidepressant-Like Activity in Mice

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1673
Author(s):  
Sz-Jie Wu ◽  
Chia-Yu Chang ◽  
Yen-Ting Lai ◽  
Yuan-Tay Shyu
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Gaba Content

This study applied high-pressure processing (HPP) technology to enrich the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in vegetable soybeans and evaluated its antidepressant efficacy on mice, with depression induced by the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model. The optimal conditions for HPP, storage time, and storage temperature, as well as antidepressant-like effects of vegetable soybeans, were evaluated and discussed. HPP could effectively and significantly increase GABA content in soybean, with optimum conditions at 200 MPa. The GABA content in the whole vegetable soybean was 436.05 mg/100 g. In mice animal tests, the tail suspension test (TST) showed that the immobility time of the GABA group was significantly shorter than that of the control group. The total travel distance in the open field test (OFT) showed that depressed mice fed with the GABA feed exhibited exploratory behavior. The GABA group showed a significantly higher degree of sucrose preference than the control group. Both results indicate that the GABA feed could effectively alleviate depressive symptomatology. Regarding biochemical parameters, the fecal and serum corticosterone (CORT) levels in the control group increased to 104.86 pg/mg after the onset of depression. In contrast, the fecal CORT level in the GABA group was significantly reduced to 23.98 pg/mg and was comparable to that in the control group (33.38 pg/mg). Reduced serum CORT level in the GABA group suggests an improvement in depressive symptomatology. The serotonin concentration was maintained in the GABA group after the induction of depression, suggesting its preventive activity. The HPP GABA-enriched soybeans exerted modulatory effects on the behaviors of depressed mice and displayed a potential for commercialization.

scholarly journals THE BIOSYNTHESIS AND CONTENT OF GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN THE GOLDFISH RETINA

1972 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic M. K. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Glutamate Decarboxylase ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Content ◽  
Flashing Light ◽  
Goldfish Retina ◽  
Stimulation Of

Goldfish retinas incubated with L-glutamate-14C (UL) were found to synthesize γ-aminobutyric acid-14C (GABA-14C) The accumulation of newly synthesized GABA was enhanced by physiological stimulation of the retina with flashing light; and this increase was directly proportional to the logarithm of the light intensity. The total GABA content was also higher in light-stimulated than in dark-adapted retinas, although the glutamate content remained unchanged No differences were found in the cell-free activities of glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4 1.1 15) and GABA-glutamate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) extracted from light-stimulated and dark-adapted retinas. These findings, together with other physiological and morphologcal evidence, suggest that GABA plays a functional role in synaptic transmission in the goldfish retina

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