Ventilatory and treadmill endurance during acute semistarvation

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1823-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Bender ◽  
B. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Little is known about respiratory muscle function in acute undernutrition, although an inadequate caloric intake is common in numerous disease states. Twelve young-adult, healthy female volunteers performed two familiarization experiments and were then studied after 7 days of consuming 40% of normal daily caloric intake as well as after 1 wk of normal caloric intake. In each experiment subjects performed tests of resting pulmonary function, inspiratory muscle strength, and ventilatory endurance, the last of which involved two 60-s and two 6-min isocapnic maximum voluntary ventilation maneuvers. Subjects then walked to exhaustion in 8–20 min on a treadmill. The caloric restriction did not affect performance of any breathing test but did lower endurance time in severe treadmill exercise (P less than 0.05). Basal metabolic rate was lowered, resting blood levels of free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate elevated, and glucose lowered following the caloric restriction (P less than 0.05). Blood lactate levels were lower during and after exercise following caloric restriction (P less than 0.05). We conclude that ventilatory muscle strength and endurance are fully preserved in caloric restriction severe enough to cause mild ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia, lowered basal metabolic rate, and decreased endurance in severe treadmill exercise.

scholarly journals Changes in Body Compositions and Basal Metabolic Rates during Treatment of Graves’ Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Joo Kim ◽  
Sun Wook Cho ◽  
Sumin Choi ◽  
Dal Lae Ju ◽  
Do Joon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Graves Disease

Objectives. Because thyroid hormone is an important determinant of body weight and basal metabolic rate, we investigated the changes in the basal metabolic rate and body composition sequentially after treatment for Graves’ disease. Methods. A prospective cohort study was performed with six women newly diagnosed with Graves’ disease. During a 52-week treatment of methimazole, body composition, resting respiratory expenditure (REE), and handgrip strength were measured consecutively. Results. After methimazole treatment, body weight was initially increased (0–8 weeks), subsequently plateaued (8–24 weeks), and gradually decreased in the later period (24–52 weeks) despite the decreased food intake. The measured REE was 40% higher than the predicted REE at baseline, and it gradually decreased after treatment. REE positively correlated with thyroid hormone levels, peripheral deiodinase activity, and thyroid’s secretory capacity. Body compositional analyses showed that the fat mass increased during an earlier period (4–12 weeks), while the lean mass increased significantly during the later period (26–52 weeks). Consistent with the lean mass changes, muscle strength also significantly increased during the later period. Conclusions. Treatment of Graves’ disease increased body weight and fat mass transiently with decreased REE. However, long-term compositional changes moved in a beneficial direction increasing lean mass and reinforcing muscle strength, following decreasing fat percentages.

Homeostatic responses to caloric restriction: influence of background metabolic rate

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1336-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Evans ◽  
A. D. Parsons ◽  
J. M. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Entire Experiment ◽  
Reduced Rate

The biological responses to caloric restriction (CR) are generally examined in rats with elevated metabolic rates due to being housed at ambient temperatures (Ta) below the zone of thermoneutrality. We determined the physiological and behavioral responses to 2 wk of 30–40% CR in male FBNF1 rats housed in cool (Ta = 12°C) or thermoneutral (TMN; Ta = 30°C) conditions. Rats were instrumented with telemetry devices and housed continuously in home-cage calorimeters for the entire experiment. At baseline, rats housed in cool Ta had reduced rate of weight gain; thus a mild CR (5%) group at thermoneutrality for weight maintenance was also studied. Rats housed in cool Ta exhibited elevated caloric intake (cool = 77 ± 1; TMN = 54 ± 2 kcal), oxygen consumption (V̇o2; cool = 9.9 ± 0.1; TMN = 5.5 ± 0.1 ml/min), mean arterial pressure (cool = 103 ± 1; TMN = 80 ± 2 mmHg), and heart rate (cool = 374 ± 3; TMN = 275 ± 4 beats/min). Cool-CR rats exhibited greater CR-induced weight loss (cool = −62 ± 3; TMN = −42 ± 3 g) and reductions in V̇o2 (cool = −2.6 ± 0.1; TMN = −1.5 ± 0.1 ml/min) but similar CR-induced reductions in heart rate (cool = −59 ± 1; TMN= −51 ± 7 beats/min). CR had no effect on arterial blood pressure or locomotor activity in either group. Unexpectedly, weight maintenance produced significant reductions in V̇o2 and heart rate. At thermoneutrality, a single day of refeeding effectively abolished CR-induced reductions in V̇o2 and heart rate. The results reveal that rats with low or high baseline metabolic rate exhibit comparable compensatory reductions in V̇o2 and heart rate and suggest that Ta can be used to modulate the metabolic background on which the more prolonged effects of CR can be studied.

scholarly journals Association between Basal Metabolic Rate and Handgrip Strength in Older Koreans

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Kwan Oh ◽  
Da-Hye Son ◽  
Yu-Jin Kwon ◽  
Hye Sun Lee ◽  
Ji-Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional

We investigated the relationship between the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and muscle strength through measurement of handgrip strength. We conducted a cross-sectional study of a population representative of older Korean from the 2014–2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 2512 community-dwelling men and women aged 65 years and older were included. The BMR was calculated with the Singapore equation and handgrip strength was measured using a digital dynamometer. The patients were categorized into handgrip strength quartiles and a weighted one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and a weighted chi-squared test for categorical variables were performed. Pearson, Spearman correlation analysis, univariate, and multivariate linear regression were performed. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was also performed to determine the association between basal metabolic rate and handgrip strength quartiles after adjusting for confounding factors. The BMR increased according to handgrip strength quartile after adjusting for age, BMI, relative fat mass, comorbidity number, resistance exercise, aerobic physical activity, household income, educational level, smoking status, and alcohol ingestion in both sexes (p < 0.001). Handgrip strength has a positive association with the BMR in older Korean people. Therefore, muscle strength exercises should be considered for regulating the BMR in the older people.

Development of new predictive equations for basal metabolic rate in Iranian healthy adults: negligible effect of sex

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bahareh Nikooyeh ◽  
Nastaran Shariatzadeh ◽  
Ali Kalayi ◽  
Maliheh Zahedirad ◽  
Tirang R. Neyestani
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function ◽  
Asian People ◽  
Predictive Formulas

Abstract. Some studies have reported inaccuracy of predicting basal metabolic rate (BMR) by using common equations for Asian people. Thus, this study was undertaken to develop new predictive equations for the Iranian community and also to compare their accuracy with the commonly used formulas. Anthropometric measures and thyroid function were evaluated for 267 healthy subjects (18–60 y). Indirect calorimetry (InCal) was performed only for those participants with normal thyroid function tests (n = 252). Comparison of predicted RMR (both kcal/d and kcal.kg.wt−1.d−1) using current predictive formulas and measured RMR revealed that Harris-Benedict and FAO/WHO/UNU significantly over-estimated and Mifflin-St. Jeor significantly under-estimated RMR as compared to InCal measurements. In stepwise regression analysis for developing new equations, the highest r2 (=0.89) was from a model comprising sex, height and weight. However, further analyses revealed that unlike the subjects under 30 y, the association between age and the measured RMR in subjects 30 y and plus was negative (r = −0.241, p = 0.001). As a result, two separate equations were developed for these two age groups. Over 80 percent of variations were covered by the new equations. In conclusion, there were statistical significant under- and over-estimation of RMR using common predictive equations in our subjects. Using the new equations, the accuracy of the calculated RMR increased remarkably.

COMBINATION OF POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE AND PROPYLTHIOURACIL IN THE TREATMENT OF THYROTOXICOSIS

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Røkke ◽  
J. H. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Potassium Perchlorate ◽  
Plasma Total Cholesterol

ABSTRACT A report is given on 95 thyrotoxic patients treated with a combination of 400 mg propylthiouracil and 400 mg of potassium perchlorate. Perchlorate was stopped when a marked remission of symptoms was obtained, on an average after less than 7 weeks. Euthyroidism was found on an average after 7.2 weeks. The basal metabolic rate, PBI, plasma total cholesterol and weight showed a fairly rapid normalization. Thirteen of the 95 patients were given radio-iodine therapy shortly before drug therapy was started. The remaining 82 cases were grouped together with the 23 cases previously reported. Of the total of 105 cases, 96 became euthyroid on combined therapy. For the frequency of side-effects, the thirteen cases mentioned above were included, giving a total of 118 cases. Eight cases showed an increase in goitre size and 15 cases had other side-effects, of which three were granulocytopenia due to propylthiouracil. The possibility of a higher frequency of mainly minor side-effects on combined therapy has to be balanced against the seemingly rapid and reliable therapeutic effect. Combined treatment, perhaps with even smaller doses than reported here, can be recommended in selected cases of thyrotoxicosis where a shortening of the thyrotoxic state seems of importance, or possibly where difficulties due to iodine exposure may be anticipated, provided adequate control measures are taken.

Can night eating syndrome increase basal metabolic rate?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senay Topsakal ◽  
Guzin Fidan Yaylalı ◽  
Semin Melahat Fenkci
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Night Eating Syndrome ◽  
Night Eating

Metabolic Age, an Index Based on Basal Metabolic Rate, Can Predict Individuals That are High Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarahi Vásquez-Alvarez ◽  
Sergio K. Bustamante-Villagomez ◽  
Gabriela Vazquez-Marroquin ◽  
Leonardo M. Porchia ◽  
Ricardo Pérez-Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Age

scholarly journals Analysis of Both Lipid Metabolism and Endocannabinoid Signaling Reveals a New Role for Hypothalamic Astrocytes in Maternal Caloric Restriction-Induced Perinatal Programming

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6292
Author(s):  
Rubén Tovar ◽  
Antonio Vargas ◽  
Jesús Aranda ◽  
Lourdes Sánchez-Salido ◽  
Laura González-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Nutritional Programming ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Induced Changes

Maternal malnutrition in critical periods of development increases the risk of developing short- and long-term diseases in the offspring. The alterations induced by this nutritional programming in the hypothalamus of the offspring are of special relevance due to its role in energy homeostasis, especially in the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is involved in metabolic functions. Since astrocytes are essential for neuronal energy efficiency and are implicated in brain endocannabinoid signaling, here we have used a rat model to investigate whether a moderate caloric restriction (R) spanning from two weeks prior to the start of gestation to its end induced changes in offspring hypothalamic (a) ECS, (b) lipid metabolism (LM) and/or (c) hypothalamic astrocytes. Monitorization was performed by analyzing both the gene and protein expression of proteins involved in LM and ECS signaling. Offspring born from caloric-restricted mothers presented hypothalamic alterations in both the main enzymes involved in LM and endocannabinoids synthesis/degradation. Furthermore, most of these changes were similar to those observed in hypothalamic offspring astrocytes in culture. In conclusion, a maternal low caloric intake altered LM and ECS in both the hypothalamus and its astrocytes, pointing to these glial cells as responsible for a large part of the alterations seen in the total hypothalamus and suggesting a high degree of involvement of astrocytes in nutritional programming.

scholarly journals The decoupled nature of basal metabolic rate and body temperature in endotherm evolution

Nature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 572 (7771) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Avaria-Llautureo ◽  
Cristián E. Hernández ◽  
Enrique Rodríguez-Serrano ◽  
Chris Venditti
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate
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