Endoscopic Methods for the Treatment of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

In the l970s, diagnostic fibreoptic endoscopy became part of the standard practice for evaluation of gastrointestinal disease. In the 1980s, therapeutic fibreoptic endoscopy is emerging as standard therapy for many gastrointestinal diseases. As the already sophisticated technology continues to blossom, it promises to become even more a part of the management of an increasing number of gastroenterological problems. Endoscopy can provide both a specific diagnosis as well as an identification of the high risk subgroup of patients with either active bleeding, or a non bleeding visible vessel that might benefit from endoscopic treatment. At endoscopy, patients with active ulcer bleeding have either arterial spurting, oozing or oozing beneath an overlying clot. These have poor outcomes: for example, when a non bleeding visible vessel is identified, the chances for rebleeding are approximately 50% during the period of that hospitalization . With an overlying clot without oozing, where dark spots are noted, there is less than a 10% chance of rebleeding. There are certain limitations for endoscopic hemostatic therapy and there are a few bleeding ulcers with an artery too large to expect endoscopic success. The kind of treatment chosen will be dictated by the availability of the therapeutic modalities and the skill of the surgeon.

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Analysis of gastroscopy results among healthy people undergoing a medical checkup: A retrospective study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25115/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Haosu Huang ◽

Yanting Rong ◽

Meng Wang ◽

Zimeng Guo ◽

Yanghua Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peptic Ulcer ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Chronic Gastritis ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Healthy People ◽

Health Examination ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

H Pylori ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

Abstract Background The association of upper gastrointestinal diseases with sex, age and Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic healthy people is unclear.The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine the associations of upper gastrointestinal disease in asymptomatic healthy people with sex, age and H. pylori infection. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 2923 patients from a health examination center in Xiangya Hospital between September 2015 and September 2019. Data on sex, age, H. pylori infection and gastroscopy results were collected. Results Among 2923 asymptomatic patients who underwent gastroscopy, 2911 patients (99.59%) had abnormal results. The top three results were chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and duodenitis. Inflammation of the gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis was more severe in the H. pylori-positive group. The incidence of peptic ulcer decreased with increasing age and was higher in males, patients aged < 30 years and H. pylori-positive patients.The incidence of polyps was higher in females than in males, and the incidence in individuals aged ≥ 60 years was higher than that in those aged < 60 years. Conclusion The incidence of upper gastrointestinal diseases is high in asymptomatic healthy people undergoing a check-up and is associated with sex, age and H. pylori infection.Gastroscopy should be considered part of a routine health check.

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Comparison of SARC-F Score among Gastrointestinal Diseases

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10184099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 4099

Author(s):

Kosuke Ushiro ◽

Hiroki Nishikawa ◽

Masahiro Matsui ◽

Takeshi Ogura ◽

Toshihisa Takeuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Advanced Cancer ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Pancreatic Disease ◽

Prognostic Scores ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Primary Origin ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal ◽

Significant Factors

SARC-F is a screening tool for sarcopenia. We sought to compare the SARC-F scores of patients with different gastrointestinal diseases (n = 1282 (762 males): upper gastrointestinal disease (UGD, n = 326), lower gastrointestinal disease (LGD, n = 357), biliary and pancreatic disease (BPD, n = 416), and liver disease (LD, n = 183)). Factors associated with SARC-F ≥4 points (highly suspicious of sarcopenia) were also examined. The median age was 71 years. Patients with SARC-F ≥4 points were found in 197 (15.4%). Advanced cancer was found in 339 patients (26.4%). The proportion of SARC-F ≥4 points in groups of UGD, LGD, BPD, and LD were 17.5% (57/326) in UGD, 12.0% (43/357) in LGD, 17.3% (72/416) in BPD, and 13.7% (25/183) in LD, respectively (overall p = 0.1235). In patients with and without advanced cancer, similar tendencies were observed. In the multivariate analysis, age (p < 0.0001), gender (p = 0.0011), serum albumin (p < 0.0001), lymphocyte count (p = 0.0019), C reactive protein (p = 0.0197), and the presence of advanced cancer (p = 0.0424) were significant factors linked to SARC-F ≥4 points. In patients with advanced cancer, SARC-F scores correlated well with their Glasgow prognostic scores. In conclusion, sarcopenia in gastrointestinal diseases may be affected not by disease type (i.e., the primary origin of the disease) but by aging, nutritional condition, inflammatory condition, and cancer burden.

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EFFICACY OF INITIAL AND PERMANENT HEMOSTASIS OF THE ENDOSCOPIC HEMOCLIP METHOD COMBINED WITH HIGH-DOSE INFUSION OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR IN PATIENTS WITH PEPTIC ULER BLEEDING

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2018.2.2 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Hieu Tam Huynh ◽

Dang Quy Dung Ho

Keyword(s):

Peptic Ulcer ◽

Success Rate ◽

Endoscopic Hemostasis ◽

Ulcer Bleeding ◽

Injection Sclerotherapy ◽

High Dose ◽

Peptic Ulcers ◽

Peptic Ulcer Bleeding ◽

Bleeding Peptic Ulcers ◽

Hemostatic Therapy

Background: Peptic ulcer bleeding is one of the common medical emergencies. The hemostatic efficacy of endoscopic therapeutic modalities has been reported in many studies and frequently has been found to exceed 90%. Four groups of modalities are used in the endoscopic management of bleeding peptic ulcers: thermal probe methods, injection sclerotherapy, local spray methods, and mechanical hemostatic therapy. The endoscopic hemoclip method is a safe and effective hemostatic therapy for managing bleeding peptic ulcers. Objective: To determine the success rate of hemoclip in endoscopic hemostasis. Patients and methods: Clinical intervention study on 36 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding admitted in Can Tho Central General Hospital from May 2012 to November 2014. All the patients underwent emergency endoscopy for hemostasis by hemoclip and high-dose PPI use. Results: The success rate of initial hemostasis was 97.2%, and permanent hemostasis was 91.7%. The rates of rebleeding, surgery, mortality were 11.1%, 5.6%, 2.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Endoscopic hemostasis therapy by clipping combined with high- dose PPI is an effective, relatively safe treatment for peptic ulcer bleeding. Key words: Peptic ulcer bleeding, hemoclip, endoscopic hemostasis therapy

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Mealtime Environment and Control of Food Intake in Healthy Children and in Children with Gastrointestinal Diseases

Children ◽

10.3390/children8020077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Katerina Sdravou ◽

Elpida Emmanouilidou-Fotoulaki ◽

Athanasia Printza ◽

Elias Andreoulakis ◽

Athanasios Evangeliou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Child Autonomy ◽

And Control ◽

Mealtime Environment

Parental feeding practices and mealtime routine significantly influence a child’s eating behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the mealtime environment in healthy children and children with gastrointestinal diseases. We conducted a cross-sectional case–control study among 787 healthy, typically developing children and 141 children with gastrointestinal diseases, aged two to seven years. Parents were asked to provide data on demographics and describe their mealtime environment by answering to 24 closed-ended questions. It was found that the majority of the children had the same number of meals every day and at the same hour. Parents of both groups exerted considerable control on the child’s food intake by deciding both when and what their child eats. Almost one third of the parents also decided how much their child eats. The two groups differed significantly in nine of the 24 questions. The study showed that both groups provided structured and consistent mealtime environments. However, a significant proportion of children did not control how much they eat which might impede their ability to self-regulate eating. The presence of a gastrointestinal disease was found to be associated with reduced child autonomy, hampered hunger cues and frequent use of distractions during meals.

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Approaches to common conditions of the gastrointestinal tract in pet hamsters

Companion Animal ◽

10.12968/coan.2020.0085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Vicki Baldrey

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Support ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Positive Contrast ◽

Abdominal Ultrasound ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Indications For Surgery ◽

Pet Trade ◽

Free Environment ◽

The Uk

Hamsters are popular pets in the UK. The Syrian or Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is the best known species in the pet trade, with a variety of dwarf species also encountered. Gastrointestinal disease occurs frequently, and diarrhoea is a common presenting complaint. This is most often associated with bacterial or parasitic infection, but can also be related to neoplasia or the use of certain antibiotics. Initial stabilisation of the hamster with diarrhoea should include provision of a warm stress-free environment, fluid therapy, nutritional support with an appropriate critical care diet and analgesia. Following a full history and clinical examination, further diagnostic steps include faecal parasitology and microbiology, routine biochemistry and haematology, radiography with or without positive contrast, and abdominal ultrasound. Indications for surgery include evidence of intestinal obstruction or prolapsed intussusception. This article gives an overview of the most common gastrointestinal diseases encountered in hamster species and provides a guide of how to logically approach the investigation and treatment of these cases, achievable in general practice.

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Association between acid‐suppressive drug use and atopic dermatitis in patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases: A population‐based retrospective cohort study

Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics ◽

10.1111/jcpt.13353 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hsiu‐Chen Lin ◽

Yi‐Yang Chen ◽

Hsiu‐Li Lin ◽

Yow‐Shieng Uang ◽

Yi Ho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Drug Use ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Population Based ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

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Modeling Gastrointestinal Diseases Using Organoids to Understand Healing and Regenerative Processes

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10061331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1331

Author(s):

Alexane Ollivier ◽

Maxime M. Mahe ◽

Géraldine Guasch

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

3D Culture ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Continuous Series ◽

Regenerative Therapy ◽

Disease Mechanisms ◽

Epithelial Wound Healing ◽

Potential Applications

The gastrointestinal tract is a continuous series of organs from the mouth to the esophagus, stomach, intestine and anus that allows digestion to occur. These organs are frequently associated with chronic stress and injury during life, subjecting these tissues to frequent regeneration and to the risk of developing disease-associated cancers. The possibility of generating human 3D culture systems, named organoids, that resemble histologically and functionally specific organs, has opened up potential applications in the analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in epithelial wound healing and regenerative therapy. Here, we review how during normal development homeostasis takes place, and the role of the microenvironmental niche cells in the intestinal stem cell crypt as an example. Then, we introduce the notion of a perturbed niche during disease conditions affecting the esophageal–stomach junction and the colon, and describe the potential applications of organoid models in the analysis of human gastrointestinal disease mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the perspectives of organoid-based regenerative therapy to improve the repair of the epithelial barrier.

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