scholarly journals Comparative Global Gene Expression Profiles of Wild-TypeYersinia pestisCO92 and Its Braun Lipoprotein Mutant at Flea and Human Body Temperatures

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristi L. Galindo ◽  
Jian Sha ◽  
Scott T. Moen ◽  
Stacy L. Agar ◽  
Michelle L. Kirtley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Highly Virulent

Braun/murein lipoprotein (Lpp) is involved in inflammatory responses and septic shock. We previously characterized aΔlppmutant ofYersinia pestisCO92 and found that this mutant was defective in surviving in macrophages and was attenuated in a mouse inhalation model of plague when compared to the highly virulent wild-type (WT) bacterium. We performed global transcriptional profiling of WTY. pestisand itsΔlppmutant using microarrays. The organisms were cultured at 26 and 37 degrees Celsius to simulate the flea vector and mammalian host environments, respectively. Our data revealed vastly different effects oflppmutation on the transcriptomes ofY. pestisgrown at 37 versus26C. While the absence of Lpp resulted mainly in the downregulation of metabolic genes at26C, theY. pestis Δlppmutant cultured at37Cexhibited profound alterations in stress response and virulence genes, compared to WT bacteria. We investigated one of the stress-related genes (htrA) downregulated in theΔlppmutant relative to WTY. pestis. Indeed, complementation of theΔlppmutant with thehtrAgene restored intracellular survival of theY. pestis Δlppmutant. Our results support a role for Lpp inY. pestisadaptation to the host environment, possibly via transcriptional activation ofhtrA.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptional profiling of medullary and cortical thymic cell types identifies epigenetic and transcription factors that uniquely define the mTEChi and cTEC lineages.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Self Tolerance ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Differential Gene

The thymus has the unique ability to impart lymphocytes in trans the concept of self-tolerance by negative selection and to enforce positive selection of lymphocytes that express optimal T-cell receptors (1,2). The thymus possesses a cortex and a medulla (4), and epithelial cells known as mTEC and cTEC are intimately involved in these processes (5). Here I compared the transcriptomes of mTEChi and cTEC (6) using global differential gene expression analysis. I present a series of epigenetic molecules and transcription factors that represent the most significant differences in the global gene expression profiles between these two cell types.

scholarly journals Transcriptional profiling reveals distinct classes of parathyroid tumors in PHPT

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Koh ◽  
Joyce A Hogue ◽  
Sanziana A Roman ◽  
Randall P Scheri ◽  
Hèléne Fradin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Parathyroid Tumors ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Independent Cohort

The clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) varies widely, although the underlying mechanistic reasons for this disparity remain unknown. We recently reported that parathyroid tumors can be functionally segregated into two distinct groups on the basis of their relative responsiveness to ambient calcium, and that patients in these groups differ significantly in their likelihood of manifesting bone disability. To examine the molecular basis for this phenotypic variation in PHPT, we compared the global gene expression profiles of calcium-sensitive and calcium-resistant parathyroid tumors. RNAseq and proteomic analysis identified a candidate set of differentially expressed genes highly correlated with calcium-sensing capacity. Subsequent quantitative assessment of the expression levels of these genes in an independent cohort of parathyroid tumors confirmed that calcium-sensitive tumors cluster in a discrete transcriptional profile group. These data indicate that PHPT is not an etiologically monolithic disorder and suggest that divergent molecular mechanisms could drive the observed phenotypic differences in PHPT disease course, provenance, and outcome.

scholarly journals Granulosa cells from human primordial and primary follicles show differential global gene expression profiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
E H Ernst ◽  
S Franks ◽  
K Hardy ◽  
P Villesen ◽  
K Lykke-Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Global Gene Expression

scholarly journals Dynamical consequences of regional heterogeneity in the brain’s transcriptional landscape

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Deco ◽  
Kevin Aquino ◽  
Aurina Arnatkevičiūtė ◽  
Stuart Oldham ◽  
Kristina Sabaroedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Neuronal Dynamics ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractBrain regions vary in their molecular and cellular composition, but how this heterogeneity shapes neuronal dynamics is unclear. Here, we investigate the dynamical consequences of regional heterogeneity using a biophysical model of whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dynamics in humans. We show that models in which transcriptional variations in excitatory and inhibitory receptor (E:I) gene expression constrain regional heterogeneity more accurately reproduce the spatiotemporal structure of empirical functional connectivity estimates than do models constrained by global gene expression profiles and MRI-derived estimates of myeloarchitecture. We further show that regional heterogeneity is essential for yielding both ignition-like dynamics, which are thought to support conscious processing, and a wide variance of regional activity timescales, which supports a broad dynamical range. We thus identify a key role for E:I heterogeneity in generating complex neuronal dynamics and demonstrate the viability of using transcriptional data to constrain models of large-scale brain function.

scholarly journals Modified parylene-N films as chemical microenvironments for differentiation and spheroid formation of osteoblast cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Hun Kim ◽  
Jong-Sook Lee ◽  
Hanhee Jo ◽  
Yusun Park ◽  
Mijin Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Spheroid Formation ◽  
Hydrophobic Property ◽  
Osteoblast Cells ◽  
Bone Differentiation ◽  
Physical Treatments ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation

Abstract In this work, the influence of parylene N film on the spheroid formation of osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) was determined and compared with that of high-hydrophilicity microenvironments, such as hydrophilic culture matrix and ultraviolet-treated parylene N film. To elucidate the change in cell properties due to the microenvironment of parylene N film, global gene expression profiles of MG-63 cells on parylene N film were analyzed. We confirmed the upregulated expression of osteoblast differentiation- and proliferation-related genes, such as Runx2, ALPL, and BGLAP and MKi67 and PCNA, respectively, using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblast cells cultured on parylene N film were validated using immunostaining. Finally, the formation of spheroids and regulation of differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on parylene N film was demonstrated. The results of this study confirm that the microenvironment with the controlled hydrophobic property of parylene N film could effectively trigger the bone differentiation and maintains the proliferation of MSCs, similar to MG-63 cells without any scaffold structures or physical treatments.

scholarly journals Major Latex Protein MdMLP423 Negatively Regulates Defense against Fungal Infections in Apple

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan He ◽  
Gaopeng Yuan ◽  
Shuxun Bian ◽  
Xiaolei Han ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Gene ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Related Proteins

Major latex proteins (MLPs) play critical roles in plants defense and stress responses. However, the roles of MLPs from apple (Malus × domestica) have not been clearly identified. In this study, we focused on the biological role of MdMLP423, which had been previously characterized as a potential pathogenesis-related gene. Phylogenetic analysis and conserved domain analysis indicated that MdMLP423 is a protein with a ‘Gly-rich loop’ (GXGGXG) domain belonging to the Bet v_1 subfamily. Gene expression profiles showed that MdMLP423 is mainly expressed in flowers. In addition, the expression of MdMLP423 was significantly inhibited by Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricola (BB) and Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (AAAP) infections. Apple calli overexpressing MdMLP423 had lower expression of resistance-related genes, and were more sensitive to infection with BB and AAAP compared with non-transgenic calli. RNA-seq analysis of MdMLP423-overexpressing calli and non-transgenic calli indicated that MdMLP423 regulated the expression of a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcription factors, including genes involved in phytohormone signaling pathways, cell wall reinforcement, and genes encoding the defense-related proteins, AP2-EREBP, WRKY, MYB, NAC, Zinc finger protein, and ABI3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MdMLP423 negatively regulates apple resistance to BB and AAAP infections by inhibiting the expression of defense- and stress-related genes and transcription factors.

scholarly journals n-3 Fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: new mechanisms to explain old actions

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
New Family ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Novel Interactions

Numerous effects of n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA on functional responses of cells involved in inflammation and immunity have been described. Fatty acid-induced modifications in membrane order and in the availability of substrates for eicosanoid synthesis are long-standing mechanisms that are considered important in explaining the effects observed. More recently, effects on signal transduction pathways and on gene expression profiles have been identified. Over the last 10 years or so, significant advances in understanding the mechanisms of action of n-3 fatty acids have been made. These include the identification of new actions of lipid mediators that were already described and of novel interactions among those mediators and the description of an entirely new family of lipid mediators, resolvins and protectins that have anti-inflammatory actions and are critical to the resolution of inflammation. It is also recognised that EPA and DHA can inhibit activation of the prototypical inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. Recent studies suggest three alternative mechanisms by which n-3 fatty acids might have this effect. Within T-cells, as well as other cells of relevance to immune and inflammatory responses, EPA and DHA act to disrupt very early events involving formation of the structures termed lipid rafts which bring together various proteins to form an effective signalling platform. In summary, recent research has identified a number of new mechanisms of action that help to explain previously identified effects of n-3 fatty acids on inflammation and immunity.

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