Applications of Photocatalytic Disinfection

Due to the superior ability of photocatalysis to inactivate a wide range of harmful microorganisms, it is being examined as a viable alternative to traditional disinfection methods such as chlorination, which can produce harmful byproducts. Photocatalysis is a versatile and effective process that can be adapted for use in many applications for disinfection in both air and water matrices. Additionally, photocatalytic surfaces are being developed and tested for use in the context of “self-disinfecting” materials. Studies on the photocatalytic technique for disinfection demonstrate this process to have potential for widespread applications in indoor air and environmental health, biological, and medical applications, laboratory and hospital applications, pharmaceutical and food industry, plant protection applications, wastewater and effluents treatment, and drinking water disinfection. Studies on photocatalytic disinfection using a variety of techniques and test organisms are reviewed, with an emphasis on the end-use application of developed technologies and methods.

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Impact of Particulate Matter on Distribution System Disinfection Efficacy

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2008.007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Linda Wojcicka ◽

Carole Baxter ◽

Ron Hofmann

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Distribution System ◽

Contact Time ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis ◽

Soil Corrosion ◽

Log Reduction ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection ◽

The Impact

Abstract Microorganisms have been shown to survive drinking water disinfection and remain viable in disinfected waters despite the presence of disinfectant residuals. This may be partially attributed to protection by particulate matter. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the presence of particulate matter on disinfection kinetics. Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC 10829 and Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504 were used in inactivation experiments in the presence and absence of soil, corrosion, and wastewater particles. The results showed that the presence of such particles tended to inhibit chlorine and monochloramine inactivation, although the magnitude of the impact under the conditions tested was small (e.g., 1-log reduction in inactivation for several minutes of contact time in the presence of less than 1 mg/L of disinfectant).

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Insights into Potent Therapeutical Antileukemic Agent L-glutaminase Enzyme Under Solid-state Fermentation: A Review

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200221666200421122147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 211-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chandrasai Potla Durthi ◽

Madhuri Pola ◽

Satish Babu Rajulapati ◽

Anand Kishore Kola

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Food Industry ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Production Studies ◽

Wide Range ◽

Hybridoma Technology ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

The Stability ◽

Glutaminase Activity

Aim & objective: To review the applications and production studies of reported antileukemic drug L-glutaminase under Solid-state Fermentation (SSF). Overview: An amidohydrolase that gained economic importance because of its wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the food industry, is L-glutaminase. The medical applications utilized it as an anti-tumor agent as well as an antiretroviral agent. L-glutaminase is employed in the food industry as an acrylamide degradation agent, as a flavor enhancer and for the synthesis of theanine. Another application includes its use in hybridoma technology as a biosensing agent. Because of its diverse applications, scientists are now focusing on enhancing the production and optimization of L-glutaminase from various sources by both Solid-state Fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation studies. Of both types of fermentation processes, SSF has gained importance because of its minimal cost and energy requirement. L-glutaminase can be produced by SSF from both bacteria and fungi. Single-factor studies, as well as multi-level optimization studies, were employed to enhance L-glutaminase production. It was concluded that L-glutaminase activity achieved by SSF was 1690 U/g using wheat bran and Bengal gram husk by applying feed-forward artificial neural network and genetic algorithm. The highest L-glutaminase activity achieved under SSF was 3300 U/gds from Bacillus sp., by mixture design. Purification and kinetics studies were also reported to find the molecular weight as well as the stability of L-glutaminase. Conclusion: The current review is focused on the production of L-glutaminase by SSF from both bacteria and fungi. It was concluded from reported literature that optimization studies enhanced L-glutaminase production. Researchers have also confirmed antileukemic and anti-tumor properties of the purified L-glutaminase on various cell lines.

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The aspects of microbial biomass use in the utilization of selected waste from the agro-food industry

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2020-0099 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 787-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marek Kieliszek ◽

Kamil Piwowarek ◽

Anna M. Kot ◽

Katarzyna Pobiega

Keyword(s):

Food Industry ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Waste Products ◽

Yeast Biomass ◽

Wide Range ◽

Innovative Solutions ◽

Biomass Management ◽

Effective Use ◽

Modern Technologies ◽

Biomass Of Microorganisms

AbstractCellular biomass of microorganisms can be effectively used in the treatment of waste from various branches of the agro-food industry. Urbanization processes and economic development, which have been intensifying in recent decades, lead to the degradation of the natural environment. In the first half of the 20th century, problems related to waste management were not as serious and challenging as they are today. The present situation forces the use of modern technologies and the creation of innovative solutions for environmental protection. Waste of industrial origin are difficult to recycle and require a high financial outlay, while the organic waste of animal and plant origins, such as potato wastewater, whey, lignin, and cellulose, is dominant. In this article, we describe the possibilities of using microorganisms for the utilization of various waste products. A solution to reduce the costs of waste disposal is the use of yeast biomass. Management of waste products using yeast biomass has made it possible to generate new metabolites, such as β-glucans, vitamins, carotenoids, and enzymes, which have a wide range of industrial applications. Exploration and discovery of new areas of applications of yeast, fungal, and bacteria cells can lead to an increase in their effective use in many fields of biotechnology.

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Both viable and inactivated amoeba spores protect their intracellular bacteria from drinking water disinfection

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 417 ◽

pp. 126006

Author(s):

Zhenzhen He ◽

Luting Wang ◽

Yuexian Ge ◽

Siyi Zhang ◽

Yuehui Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Intracellular Bacteria ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection

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Diversity of Pod Shape in Pisum

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13050203 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 203

Author(s):

Thomas Henry Noel Ellis ◽

Julie M. I. Hofer ◽

Eleni Vikeli ◽

Michael J. Ambrose ◽

Paola Higuera-Poveda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allelic Variation ◽

Size Variation ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Negative Regulators ◽

Wide Range ◽

Yield Determination ◽

Organ Specific ◽

Length Width ◽

End Use ◽

Pod Length

The seed-containing pod is the defining structure of plants in the legume family, yet pods exhibit a wide range of morphological variation. Within a species pod characters are likely to be correlated with reproductive strategy, and within cultivated forms will correspond to aspects of yield determination and/or end use. Here variation in pod size, described as pod length: pod width ratio, has been analyzed in pea germplasm represented by 597 accessions. This pod size variation is discussed with respect to population structure and to known classical pod morphology mutants. Variability of the pod length: width ratio can be explained by allelic variation at two genetic loci that may correspond to organ-specific negative regulators of growth.

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Recent Insights into Anthocyanin Pigmentation, Synthesis, Trafficking, and Regulatory Mechanisms in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Caryopsis

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11030394 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 394 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Enerand Mackon ◽

Guibeline Charlie Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon ◽

Yafei Ma ◽

Muhammad Haneef Kashif ◽

Niyaz Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Industry ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽

Pigmented Rice ◽

Complex Processes ◽

Natural Colorants ◽

Wide Range ◽

Anthocyanin Production ◽

And Storage

Anthocyanins are antioxidants used as natural colorants and are beneficial to human health. Anthocyanins contribute to reactive oxygen species detoxification and sustain plant growth and development under different environmental stresses. They are phenolic compounds that are broadly distributed in nature and are responsible for a wide range of attractive coloration in many plant organs. Anthocyanins are found in various parts of plants such as flowers, leaves, stems, shoots, and grains. Considering their nutritional and health attributes, anthocyanin-enriched rice or pigmented rice cultivars are a possible alternative to reduce malnutrition around the globe. Anthocyanin biosynthesis and storage in rice are complex processes in which several structural and regulatory genes are involved. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the molecular and genetic mechanism of anthocyanins, and their synthesis is of great interest to researchers and the scientific community. However, limited studies have reported anthocyanin synthesis, transportation, and environmental conditions that can hinder anthocyanin production in rice. Rice is a staple food around the globe, and further research on anthocyanin in rice warrants more attention. In this review, metabolic and pre-biotic activities, the underlying transportation, and storage mechanisms of anthocyanins in rice are discussed in detail. This review provides potential information for the food industry and clues for rice breeding and genetic engineering of rice.

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Evaluating milling and baking quality associated with a Fusarium head blight resistance-enhancing genome deletion in wheat

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1007/s42976-020-00122-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David F. Garvin ◽

Linda Dykes

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Isogenic Line ◽

Head Blight ◽

Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽

Baking Quality ◽

Wide Range ◽

End Use

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding involves improvement of a wide range of traits. However, selection for these traits is only acceptable if the end use quality of the wheat is not compromised. In hard red spring wheat, the predominant end use of flour is bread. In this study, milling and baking quality characteristics were compared in the hard red spring wheat ‘Apogee’ and a near-isogenic line of Apogee (‘A30’) that contains a spontaneous segmental deletion of the long arm of chromosome arm 3DL that is associated with enhanced resistance to Fusarium head blight caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe). Apogee and A30 were grown together in replicated greenhouse experiments, and the resultant grain was used to compare a diverse spectrum of grain characteristics and milling and baking properties of the grain in the two wheat genotypes. The major difference detected was a significant increase in protein content in A30, which had nearly 21% more flour protein than Apogee. This difference did not affect any of the flour properties or baking characteristics evaluated, suggesting that the increased protein concentrations in A30 are not associated with the principal seed storage properties associated with baking quality. These results indicate that despite the size of the deletion in A30, no key genes associated with end use quality are located on that chromosome segment. The deletion may therefore find use in efforts to enhance Fusarium head blight in hard red spring wheat.

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Mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis of drinking water disinfection by-products

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis ◽

10.1002/em.10092 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 134-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 243

Author(s):

Michael J. Plewa ◽

Yahya Kargalioglu ◽

Danielle Vankerk ◽

Roger A. Minear ◽

Elizabeth D. Wagner

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Mammalian Cell ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Cell Cytotoxicity ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection ◽

By Products

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No increase in drug dispensing for acute gastroenteritis after Storm Klaus, France 2009

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2015.188 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 737-745 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. Pirard ◽

S. Goria ◽

S. Nguengang Wakap ◽

C. Galey ◽

Y. Motreff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Health Impact ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Reference Level ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Power Outages ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection ◽

Supply Systems ◽

Insurance Database

During the night of 23–24 January 2009, Storm Klaus hit south-western France and caused power outages affecting 1,700,000 homes and stopping numerous pumping and drinking water disinfection systems. In France, medicalized acute gastroenteritis (MAGE) outbreaks are monitored by analysing the daily amount of reimbursements of medical prescriptions, registered in the French National Health Insurance database, at the ‘commune’ administrative level. As AGE is suspected to be associated with perturbations to water supply systems as well as power outages, Storm Klaus provided an opportunity to test its influence on the incidence of MAGE in the communes of three affected French departments (administrative areas larger than communes). The geographical exposure indicator was built by using the mapping of the water distribution zones, the reported distribution/production stoppages and their duration. Irrespective of exposure class, a relative risk of MAGE of 0.86 (95% confidence 0.84–0.88) was estimated compared with the ‘unexposed’ reference level. Although these results must be considered with caution because of a potential marked decrease in global medical consultation probably due to impassable roads, they do not suggest a major public health impact of Klaus in terms of increased MAGE incidence.

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