scholarly journals Community-Based Screening for Infantile Anemia in an Okinawan Village, Japan

Anemia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomiko Hokama ◽  
Chiemi Yogi ◽  
Colin W. Binns ◽  
Andy H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Infancy is a vulnerable age group for anemia throughout the world. However, community-based screening for infantile anemia is seldom reported. This study determined the prevalence of anemia among infants in an Okinawan village from 2003 to 2008, in relation to secondary prevention of the condition. The prevalence among infants aged 3–5, 6–12 and 16–23 months was 12.3%, 15.8%, and 4.2%, respectively, based on cross-sectional surveys (n=3070), and was 11.0%, 17.2%, and 3.9% according to another retrospective cohort study (n=511). The relatively low prevalence of anemia at early childhood suggested that previous detection and treatment through early and late infantile screening had been successful.

scholarly journals AWARENESS ABOUT DIABETES AMONG ADOLESCENTS OF MANGALORE, SOUTH INDIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
Rohith Holla ◽  
Sachin Prabhu ◽  
Sanjana Shetty ◽  
Shreya Deshpande ◽  
Shwetha Balla K. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
University Colleges

Abstract: Introduction: India continues to be the diabetic capital of the world. According to the WHO report, India today heads the world with 32 million patients and this number is projected to increase to 79.4 million by the year 2030. Diabetes has become a great economic challenge as it drains between 5-25% of family income of an average Indian. Aims & Objectives: To study the awareness of diabetes among the adolescents. Materials and Method: Community based cross-sectional study. We collected data from 600 adolescents of age group 16-18years. A questionnaire consisting of questions that were based on the knowledge, awareness and practices regarding the risk factors of Diabetes were prepared. Students from 4 pre-university colleges in Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada district, were selected as the study group Results: 88.5% were aware of diabetes. According to 48.33% consumption of sweets only was a risk factor. 5.5% were aware that diabetes runs in families . 78.33 % were aware that diabetes can affect any age group and 73% knew about the increasing rate of diabetes in India. 72.16 % were sure that diabetes can be prevented and 25.5% said it was possible to completely cure .46% were under a misconception that a vaccine is present for diabetes and only 57.83%were aware of that diabetes can cause complications.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and prevalence of anemia in rural adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Ezhilarasu Ramalingam ◽  
Sivaraman Thirumalaikumarasamy ◽  
Balakrishnan Nadesan ◽  
Mani Madhavan Sachithanantha Mooorthi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: In developing countries like India, the adolescents constituting one fourth of population are not given the due importance in terms of resource allocation on health care or research. Thus, painting a lopsided picture of adolescent’s health and nutritional status is not truly reflective of ground realities. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of the adolescent community residing in rural block and the prevalence of anemia among these adolescents.Methods: The study was a community based cross sectional survey among adolescents of 10 to 19 years of both sexes, from October 2004 to March 2006. Nutritional status, hemoglobin and prevalence of anemia were observed.Results: Under nutrition was found to be a significant problem in both sexes of rural adolescents. Anemia was more common in female than in male in both school going and non-school going.Conclusions: The significant number of anemic is in the middle adolescent age group, could be explained by the fact that menarche is attained around 12 years and the first few cycles are irregular with increased blood loss. So, any policy towards low birth weight and neonatal mortality needs the policy makers to make a note of this alarming trend of anemia among adolescent girls. 

scholarly journals AWARENESS OF RISK FACTORS OF DIABETES AND PRACTICES REGARDING ITS PREVENTION AMONG THE ADOLESCENTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 079-082
Author(s):  
Salman Ansari ◽  
Shreyas Samaga ◽  
Shrihari Rao ◽  
Suraj Gowda ◽  
Tariq Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
University Colleges

Abstract: Introduction: India leads the world with largest number of diabetic subjects, and hence also termed as the Diabetic Capital of the world. Education is the cornerstone of diabetes prevention. Because of lack of awareness, most people suffer from diabetes at an early age. Before population-based interventions can be implemented, an assessment of knowledge and awareness of risk factors for Diabetes and practices to prevent it among adolescents is needed. Aims & Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of risk factors of diabetes and the practices regarding its prevention among the adolescents Materials and Method: The study was community based cross sectional type. A reviewed, self-prepared questionnaire consisting of questions based on the awareness of the risk factors and the practices regarding its prevention was prepared. Data was collected from 600 adolescents of age group 16-18years. Students from 4 pre-university colleges in Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada district, were selected as the study group. Results: 433% were aware that smoking was a risk factor for diabetes. 48.33% of students said that consumption of sweets can lead to diabetes. 8.66% of students agreed that mental stress can lead to diabetes. Physical inactivity, as a risk factor for diabetes was known by 7.33% of them. Only 5.5% and 5.33% of students were aware that family history and obesity respectively, can lead to diabetes. 93.67% of the students have not had themselves tested for diabetes. 99.16% of subjects are non-smokers. 98.16% do not consume alcohol. 53.67% do not exercise regularly.

scholarly journals Psychological impact in the time of COVID-19: A cross-sectional population survey study during confinement

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532098558
Author(s):  
Carmina Castellano-Tejedor ◽  
María Torres-Serrano ◽  
Andrés Cencerrado
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Females ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The transformation that COVID-19 has brought upon the world is unparalleled. The impact on mental health is equally unprecedented and yet unexplored in depth. An online-based survey was administered to 413 community-based adults during COVID-19 confinement to explore psychological impact and identify high risk profiles. Young females concerned about the future, expressing high COVID-related distress, already following psychological therapy and suffering from pre-existing chronic conditions, were those at highest risk of psychological impact due to the COVID-19 situation. Findings could be employed to design tailored psychological interventions in the early stages of the outbreak to avoid the onset/exacerbation of psychopathology.

Impact of human papillomavirus status on survival and recurrence in a geographic region with a low prevalence of HPV‐related cancer: A retrospective cohort study

Head & Neck ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael De Cicco ◽  
Rosilene Melo Menezes ◽  
Ulisses R. Nicolau ◽  
Clovis A. L. Pinto ◽  
Luisa L. Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Low Prevalence

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan: A nationwide, cross-sectional cohort study using data from the Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database (J-CKD-DB)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0236132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Sofue ◽  
Naoki Nakagawa ◽  
Eiichiro Kanda ◽  
Hajime Nagasu ◽  
Kunihiro Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

scholarly journals Comparison of two methods to estimate adverse events in the IBEAS Study (Ibero-American study of adverse events): cross-sectional versus retrospective cohort design

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e016546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Maria Aranaz Andrés ◽  
Ramon Limón Ramírez ◽  
Carlos Aibar Remón ◽  
Maria Teresa Gea-Velázquez de Castro ◽  
Francisco Bolúmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Size ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
Cohort Study Design

BackgroundAdverse events (AEs) epidemiology is the first step to improve practice in the healthcare system. Usually, the preferred method used to estimate the magnitude of the problem is the retrospective cohort study design, with retrospective reviews of the medical records. However this data collection involves a sophisticated sampling plan, and a process of intensive review of sometimes very heavy and complex medical records. Cross-sectional survey is also a valid and feasible methodology to study AEs.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to compare AEs detection using two different methodologies: cross-sectional versus retrospective cohort design.SettingSecondary and tertiary hospitals in five countries: Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and Peru.ParticipantsThe IBEAS Study is a cross-sectional survey with a sample size of 11 379 patients. The retrospective cohort study was obtained from a 10% random sample proportional to hospital size from the entire IBEAS Study population.MethodsThis study compares the 1-day prevalence of the AEs obtained in the IBEAS Study with the incidence obtained through the retrospective cohort study.ResultsThe prevalence of patients with AEs was 10.47% (95% CI 9.90 to 11.03) (1191/11 379), while the cumulative incidence of the retrospective cohort study was 19.76% (95% CI 17.35% to 22.17%) (215/1088). In both studies the highest risk of suffering AEs was seen in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Comorbid patients and patients with medical devices showed higher risk.ConclusionThe retrospective cohort design, although requires more resources, allows to detect more AEs than the cross-sectional design.

scholarly journals A foodborne norovirus outbreak among the film crew in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Mirjana Strbac ◽  
Mioljub Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Environmental Investigation ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The World ◽  
Autonomous Province

Introduction. Norovirus is one of the most common causes of acute gastroenteritis in the world. The aim of this study was to describe characteristics of an outbreak of norovirus infection and present all the steps of an outbreak investigation. Material and Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among all individuals who ate food from the same restaurant. All the exposed persons filled out an adapted questionnaire that is routinely used in patients with food poisoning. Results. This paper presents a norovirus outbreak among film crew members and measures taken to control the epidemic. Gastroenteritis was diagnosed in 20 exposed persons. In most patients, symptoms lasted 1 - 3 days, and every third patient sought medical attention. The predominant clinical manifestations were vomiting and diarrhea. The food that probably caused the infection were sandwiches with ham, cheese and lettuce and microbiological analysis confirmed that the outbreak was caused by norovirus. Conclusion. Although the source of this outbreak remains unclear, the results of environmental investigation of the restaurant showed several irregularities in the kitchen that may have caused norovirus transmission.

scholarly journals A retrospective study of colorectal carcinoma in central India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Suresh Clement H. ◽  
S. Madhu Babu ◽  
Samir Ahmad ◽  
Harsha Omkar M.
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outer Quadrant ◽  
The World ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: Inner lining of lobules or ducts of milk of breast tissue is the origin of the breast cancer. Among females, it constitutes 10.4% of cancer cases incidence all over the world. It thus is the fifth leading cause of mortality all over the world. As known, it is more common in females than males. The objective of this study was to study the clinical and epidemiological profile of breast cancer patients.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out for a period of two and half years at M. G. M. Hospital, Warangal. Both males and females of 30 years and above were included in the study. Total number of carcinoma cases admitted during 2005 to 2007 for a period of two and half years were 1,428. Total number of carcinoma breast cases admitted during 2005 to 2007 for a period of two and half years were 242.Results: Maximum cases i.e. 44.6% belonged to stage III of breast cancer. Maximum cases were seen among Hindus i.e. 76.4%. As expected, only one case was reported by males which constituted only 0.42%. Highest number of cases i.e. 99 (40.9%) were reported during the age group of 40-50 years. Multi para women constituted more number of cases in 78.8%. Maximum number of cases of breast cancer i.e. 41.6% occurred among menstruating women. Most commonly affected quadrant was upper outer in 55.1% of cases. The most common type was Schirrous carcinoma in 39.6% of cases.Conclusions: Upper outer quadrant was most commonly affected. This indicates that the women in the reproductive age group should be directed to examine their breast daily with specific attention to upper outer quadrant.

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