scholarly journals Bacterial Magnetosome: A Novel Biogenetic Magnetic Targeted Drug Carrier with Potential Multifunctions

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Sun ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Xing-Jie Liang ◽  
Paul C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Magnetic Carriers ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Common ◽  
Loading Methods

Bacterial magnetosomes (BMs) synthesized by magnetotactic bacteria have recently drawn great interest due to their unique features. BMs are used experimentally as carriers for antibodies, enzymes, ligands, nucleic acids, and chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition to the common attractive properties of magnetic carriers, BMs also show superiority as targeting nanoscale drug carriers, which is hardly matched by artificial magnetic particles. We are presenting the potential applications of BMs as drug carriers by introducing the drug-loading methods and strategies and the recent research progress of BMs which has contributed to the application of BMs as drug carriers.

The Potential of Milk-derived Exosomes for Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyuan Li ◽  
Yue Tang ◽  
Yushun Dou
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Loading Methods

Background: Exosomes, one of the extracellular vesicles, are widely present in all biological fluids and play an important role in intercellular communication. Because of its hydrophobic lipid bilayer and aqueous hydrophilic core structure, it is considered a possible alternative to liposome drug delivery systems. Not only do they protect the cargo like liposomes during delivery, they are less toxic and better tolerated. However, due to the lack of sources and methods for obtaining enough exosomes, the therapeutic application of exosomes as drug carriers is limited. Methods: A literature search was performed using the ScienceDirect and PubMed electronic databases to obtain information from published literature on milk exosomes related to drug delivery. Results: Here, we briefly reviewed the current knowledge of exosomes, expounded the advantages of milk-derived exosomes over other delivery vectors, including a higher yield, the oral delivery characteristic and additional therapeutic benefits. The purification and drug loading methods of milk exosomes, and the current application of milk exosomes were also introduced. Conclusion: The emergence of milk-derived exosomes is expected to break through the limitations of exosomes as therapeutic carriers of drugs. We hope to raise awareness of the therapeutic potential of milk-derived exosomes as a new drug delivery system.

Stereocomplexation Assisted Assembly of Poly(γ-glutamic Acid)-graft-polylactide Nano-micelles and Their Efficacy as Anticancer Drug Carrier

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-311
Author(s):  
Shulin Dai ◽  
Yucheng Feng ◽  
Shuyi Li ◽  
Yuxiao Chen ◽  
Meiqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Physical Interactions

Background: Micelles as drug carriers are characterized by their inherent instability due to the weak physical interactions that facilitate the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers. As one of the strong physical interactions, the stereocomplexation between the equal molar of enantiomeric polylactides, i.e., the poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA), may be harnessed to obtain micelles with enhanced stability and drug loading capacity and consequent sustained release. </P><P> Aims/Methods: In this paper, stereocomplexed micelles gama-PGA-g-PLA micelles) were fabricated from the stereocomplexation between poly(gama-glutamic acid)-graft-PLLA gama-PGA-g-PLA) and poly(gamaglutamic acid)-graft-PDLA gama-PGA-g-PLA). These stereocomplexed micelles exhibited a lower CMC than the corresponding enantiomeric micelles. Result: Furthermore, they showed higher drug loading content and drug loading efficiency in addition to more sustained drug release profile in vitro. In vivo imaging confirmed that the DiR-encapsulated stereocomplexed gama-PGA-g-PLA micelles can deliver anti-cancer drug to tumors with enhanced tissue penetration. Overall, gama-PGA-g-PLA micelles exhibited greater anti-cancer effects as compared with the free drug and the stereocomplexation may be a promising strategy for fabrication of anti-cancer drug carriers with significantly enhanced efficacy.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Strontium-Substituted Hydroxyapatite-CaO-CaCO3 Nanofibers with a Mesoporous Structure as Drug Delivery Carriers

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiao-Wen Tsai ◽  
Wen-Xin Yu ◽  
Pai-An Hwang ◽  
Sheng-Siang Huang ◽  
Hsiu-Mei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Doping Amount ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Average Pore

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the main inorganic component and an essential part of hard bone and teeth. Due to its excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity, synthetic HAp has been widely used as a bone substitute, cell carrier, and therapeutic gene or drug carrier. Recently, numerous studies have demonstrated that strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHAp) not only enhances osteogenesis but also inhibits adipogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells. Mesoporous SrHAp has been successfully synthesized via a traditional template-based process and has been found to possess better drug loading and release efficiencies than SrHAp. In this study, strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite-CaO-CaCO3 nanofibers with a mesoporous structure (mSrHANFs) were fabricated using a sol–gel method followed by electrospinning. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the contents of CaO and CaCO3 in the mSrHANFs decreased as the doping amount of Sr increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the average diameter of the mSrHANFs was approximately 200~300 nm. The N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms demonstrated that the mSrHANFs possessed a mesoporous structure and that the average pore size was approximately 20~25 nm. Moreover, the mSrHANFs had excellent drug- loading efficiency and could retard the burst release of tetracycline (TC) to maintain antibacterial activity for over 3 weeks. Hence, mSrHANFs have the potential to be used as drug carriers in bone tissue engineering.

Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Crosslinked Potato Starch Microsphere through Orthogonal Experimental Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2188-2198
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Shun Yu Han ◽  
Yu Sen Hu ◽  
Lu Mei Pu ◽  
Wen Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Solution ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Starch Gelatinization ◽  
Starch Microsphere ◽  
Water Ph

A lot of studies were done on the base material of drug carriers: liposome, protein microsphere, glutin and high polymer microsphere were all of shortages, but starch has much superiority as the drug carrier. The paper embarked from the analysis the chemical and physical properties of potato starch. According as the characteristic of long chain molecules of potato starch forming microcrystal bundle via inter-molecules hydrogen association under room temperature, which disintegrated in water solution as temperature rising, the better levels of factors, such as gelatinization temperature, gelatinization time, volume of water, pH, according to viscosity of starch gelatinization were select firstly. A W/O reverse emulsion was obtained by dispersing the starch gelatinization into the oil. The effect of emulsifier, evocating agent, crosslinker, crosslinking temperature, and crosslinking time was investigated. An orthogonal experiment of L27(313) was designed to identify the main factors affecting them. In light of range analysis, the comparative importance of factors impacting drug loading was obtained, separately. The effects of parameters were studied using analysis of variance. The results showed that the effective factor to control drug loading were the amount of starch, the volume of water, pH, crosslinking time and the amount of evocating agent, whereas the influences of other factors on drug loading were not significant. In addition, the structure of N, N-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) crosslinked potato starch microsphere (CPSM) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer and Scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Performance of a New Nano-Drug Carrier in the Treatment of Recurrent Oral Ulcerper

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1107-1117
Author(s):  
Yuqi He ◽  
Zhiqiang Xu ◽  
Zhuwen Qiu ◽  
Dechun Zheng ◽  
Liting Xie
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Hydrophobic Core ◽  
Polymer Micelle ◽  
Oral Ulcers

Recurrent oral ulcer is a common oral mucosal disease. Due to its periodic and recurrent characteristics, the onset of burning pain is unbearable, which brings great inconvenience to the patient’s life and seriously affects the patient’s quality of life. There are certain limitations to conventional drug therapy. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the obvious advantages of nanotechnology such as targeting, controlled release, biocompatibility is obviously shown. The combination of nanotechnology and medical research has led to the emergence of polymer nanoparticles and ligands. Nano-drugs for gene therapy, and many other new nano-drug carriers, polymer micelle is a new type of nano drug carrier that has appeared in recent years. It has both a hydrophilic shell and a hydrophobic core, and has a variety of excellent properties, such as higher stability in vivo and in vitro, and poorly soluble drugs. In this paper, a new method for treating recurrent oral ulcers based on a new nano-drug carrier was studied. Because of the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of oral cell surface proteins, the research progress of nanopharmaceutical carrier in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcers is reviewed. The experimental results show that the method has good reproducibility and high efficiency in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcers. It is used to explore the application and progress of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent oral ulcers, and to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of recurrent oral ulcers. This new technical method has wide practical application value.

scholarly journals Resealed Erythrocytes as Drug Carriers and Its Therapeutic Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 459-485
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Singh ◽  
Sudhakar Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Kesharwani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Ideal

In this pharma innovative world, there are more than 30 drug delivery systems. Today's due to lacking the target specificity, the present scenario about drug delivery is emphasizing towards targeted drug delivery systems. Erythrocytes are the most common type of blood cells travel thousands of miles from wide to narrow pathways to deliver oxygen, drugs and nutrient during their lifetime. Red blood cells have strong and targeted potential carrier capabilities for varieties of drugs. Drug-loaded carrier erythrocytes or resealed erythrocytes are promising for various passive and active targeting. Resealed erythrocyte have advantage over several drug carrier models like biocompatibility, biodegradability without toxic products, inert intracellular environment, entrapping potential for a variety of chemicals, protection of the organism against toxic effects of the drug, able to circulate throughout the body, ideal zero-order drug-release kinetics, no undesired immune response against encapsulated drug etc. Resealed erythrocytes are rapidly taken up by macrophages of the Reticuloendothelial System (RES) of the liver, lung, and spleen of the body and hence drugs also. Resealed erythrocytes method of drugs delivery is secure and effective for drugs targeting specially for a longer period of time. This chapter will explain the different method of drug loading for resealed erythrocytes, their characterization, and applications in various therapies and associated health benefits.

Resealed Erythrocytes as Drug Carriers and Its Therapeutic Applications

2016 ◽  
pp. 340-366
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Singh ◽  
Sudhakar Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Kesharwani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Ideal

In this pharma innovative world, there are more than 30 drug delivery systems. Today's due to lacking the target specificity, the present scenario about drug delivery is emphasizing towards targeted drug delivery systems. Erythrocytes are the most common type of blood cells travel thousands of miles from wide to narrow pathways to deliver oxygen, drugs and nutrient during their lifetime. Red blood cells have strong and targeted potential carrier capabilities for varieties of drugs. Drug-loaded carrier erythrocytes or resealed erythrocytes are promising for various passive and active targeting. Resealed erythrocyte have advantage over several drug carrier models like biocompatibility, biodegradability without toxic products, inert intracellular environment, entrapping potential for a variety of chemicals, protection of the organism against toxic effects of the drug, able to circulate throughout the body, ideal zero-order drug-release kinetics, no undesired immune response against encapsulated drug etc. Resealed erythrocytes are rapidly taken up by macrophages of the Reticuloendothelial System (RES) of the liver, lung, and spleen of the body and hence drugs also. Resealed erythrocytes method of drugs delivery is secure and effective for drugs targeting specially for a longer period of time. This chapter will explain the different method of drug loading for resealed erythrocytes, their characterization, and applications in various therapies and associated health benefits.

Paclitaxel-tyroserleutide Conjugates Self-assembly into Nanocarrier for Drug Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 882-891
Author(s):  
Yongjia Liu ◽  
Leilei Shi ◽  
Bangshang Zhu ◽  
Yue Su ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Assembly Method

Background: The drug-drug self-assembly was considered as a simple and efficient approach to prepare high drug loading nano-drug carriers and present new opportunities for cancer therapeutics. The strategy of PTX amphiphiles preparation would be a possible way to solve the poor water solubility of PTX. Methods: The PTX-YSL conjugate were synthesized and characterized. The PTX-YSL nanocarriers was prepared by a simple self-assembly method. In vitro cell studies and pharmacokinetic studies were evaluated for their in vitro anti-tumor activities and blood retention time. Results: The structures of PTX-YSL conjugate were confirmed by LC-MS, 1H NMR and FTIR. The size and morphology of the PTX-YSL self-assembled nanocarriers were observed with TEM and DLS. PTX-YSL nanocarriers could facilitate cellular uptake and had low cytotoxicity. PTX-YSL nanocarriers have longer blood retention for enhancing accumulation in the tumor tissues via EPR effect. Conclusion: This drug delivery system formed by PTX-YSL conjugates constitutes a promising and effective drug carrier in cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Using Supercritical Fluid Technology as a Green Alternative During the Preparation of Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paroma Chakravarty ◽  
Amin Famili ◽  
Karthik Nagapudi ◽  
Mohammad A. Al-Sayah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Residual Solvent

Micro- and nano-carrier formulations have been developed as drug delivery systems for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that suffer from poor physico-chemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. Encapsulating the APIs in such systems can help improve their stability by protecting them from harsh conditions such as light, oxygen, temperature, pH, enzymes, and others. Consequently, the API’s dissolution rate and bioavailability are tremendously improved. Conventional techniques used in the production of these drug carrier formulations have several drawbacks, including thermal and chemical stability of the APIs, excessive use of organic solvents, high residual solvent levels, difficult particle size control and distributions, drug loading-related challenges, and time and energy consumption. This review illustrates how supercritical fluid (SCF) technologies can be superior in controlling the morphology of API particles and in the production of drug carriers due to SCF’s non-toxic, inert, economical, and environmentally friendly properties. The SCF’s advantages, benefits, and various preparation methods are discussed. Drug carrier formulations discussed in this review include microparticles, nanoparticles, polymeric membranes, aerogels, microporous foams, solid lipid nanoparticles, and liposomes.

scholarly journals Engineered biomimetic nanoparticle for dual targeting of the cancer stem-like cell population in sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (39) ◽  
pp. 24205-24212
Author(s):  
Jinhwan Kim ◽  
Abhinav Dey ◽  
Anshu Malhotra ◽  
Jingbo Liu ◽  
Song Ih Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Cholesterol Depletion

The sonic hedgehog subtype of medulloblastoma (SHH MB) is associated with treatment failure and poor outcome. Current strategies utilizing whole brain radiation therapy result in deleterious off-target effects on the normal developing childhood brain. Most conventional chemotherapies remain limited by ineffective blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetrance. These challenges signify an unmet need for drug carriers that can cross the BBB and deliver drugs to targeted sites with high drug-loading efficiency and long-term stability. We herein leverage the enhanced stability and targeting ability of engineered high-density lipoprotein-mimetic nanoparticles (eHNPs) to cross the BBB and deliver a SHH inhibitor effectively to the cancer stem-like cell population in SHH MB. Our microfluidic technology enabled highly reproducible production of multicomponent eHNPs incorporated with apolipoprotein A1, anti-CD15, and a SHH inhibitor (LDE225). We demonstrate the dual-targeted delivery and enhanced therapeutic effect of eHNP-A1-CD15-LDE225 via scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) and CD15 on brain SHH MB cells in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Moreover, we show that eHNP-A1 not only serves as a stable drug carrier, but also has a therapeutic effect itself through SR-B1-mediated intracellular cholesterol depletion in SHH MB cells. Through the facilitated and targeted cellular uptake of drugs and direct therapeutic role of this engineered biomimetic nanocarrier in SHH MB, our multifunctional nanoparticle provides intriguing therapeutic promise as an effective and potent nanomedicine for the treatment of SHH MB.

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