Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Depression among a Population Aged over 60 Years in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara, Mexico

Background. Cognitive impairment is an important clinical issue among elderly patients with depression and has a more complex etiology because of the variable rate of neurodegenerative changes associated with depression. The aim of the present work was to examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression in a representative sample of adults aged≥60 years.Methods. The presented work was a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression. Door-to-door interview technique was assigned in condition with multistage probability random sampling to obtain subjects that represent a population of the Guadalajara metropolitan area (GMA), Mexico. Cognitive function and depression were assessed by applying standardized Mini-Mental State Examination of Folstein (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively.Results. Prevalence of cognitive impairment was 13.8% (14.5% women, 12.6% men); no significant differences by gender and retired or pensioner were found. Prevalence of depression was 29.1% (33.6% women, 21.1% men); no significant differences by retired or pensioner were found. Cognitive impairment was associated with depression (OR = 3.26, CI 95%, 2.31–4.60). Prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression is associated with: being woman, only in depression being older than 75 years being married, and a low level of education.Conclusion. Cognitive impairment and depression are highly correlated in adults aged≥60.

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Depression in Elderly Patients Attending the Psychiatric Outpatient Department: A Cross Sectional Study

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol03-i01/08 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Ravi C Sharma ◽

Dr. Dinesh Dutt Sharma ◽

Dr. Kamal Parkash

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychiatric Outpatient ◽

Informed Consent Form ◽

Gandhi Medical College

Background: Cognitive impairment is a common clinical condition among elderly patients suffering with depression and has a well-known aetiology. The present study planned to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression in geriatric patients attending Psychiatric outpatient department services. Methods: The study was a prospective cross-sectional one and carried out with a sound methodology on elderly patients attending the Psychiatric OPD of Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla-1, Himachal Pradesh. A total of 130 patients were screened, out of which 105 patients have fulfilled the inclusion criteria and enrolled after written informed consent form. The cognitive function and depression were assessed by using standardized Mini-Mental State Examination of Folstein (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively. Results: Prevalence of cognitive impairment was found 42.9% (44.2% in women, 35.5% in men), whereas the prevalence of depression was found 48.6% (56.30%women, 41.10% men) which was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Cognitive impairment and depression were found to be more prevalent in the females than in the males. So, it is advised that psychiatrist should provide special attention for early detection and treatment of depressive symptoms in elderly patients suffering with cognitive impairment.

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Prevalence and determinants of depression in geriatric women in an urban slum area of Mumbai suburbs

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173620 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

pp. 3135

Author(s):

Manissha Srivastav ◽

Yogita Bavaskar ◽

Ravindra Choudhary ◽

S. Agrawal

Keyword(s):

Elderly Women ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Gender Disparity ◽

Slum Area ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Background: Lifespan have increased worldwide. Increasing lifespan has brought in its wake, a host of non-communicable diseases. Worldwide, depression affects more women than men and it is also one of the morbidities amenable to treatment. Due to numerous socio-economic and cultural reasons, geriatric women in India bear the brunt of depressive ailments. Coupled with the lack of economic independence and gender disparity, this affliction and the affected both have remained in the shadows. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of depression and to study the association between some determinants of depression among geriatric women.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among geriatric women in an urban slum area. 336 women were included in the study. Mental health status in geriatric sample was studied by using 30 point geriatric depression scale. Results: Out of 336 total subjects, 171 (50.89%) were suffering from depression out of which 88 (26.19%) were showing mild depression and 83 (24.70%) were suffering from major depression. Marital status, unemployed status, economic dependency, lack of regular exercise, presence of addictions was found to be the risk factors for the depression. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of depression in elderly women therefore Geriatric counseling and screening centers are to be established at health care institutes.

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A cross sectional study on screening for depression among elderly in rural areas of Puducherry, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20185361 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Pamagal Kavithai ◽

Anandaraj R. ◽

Buvaneswary S. ◽

Prakash M.

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Study Setting

Background: Depression among elderly has been a neglected health issue. Various factors hinder its early diagnosis. The objectives of this study are to screen for depression among elderly using geriatric depression scale-15 and to determine its influencing factors.Methods: A community based cross sectional study on geriatric depression was done in villages catered by a primary health centre in Puducherry. Permanent residents of the study setting, aged ≥60 years consenting for the study were included. Line listing of elderly individuals in the study setting was done and subjects were selected by simple random sampling. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinic-psychological variables. Hindi mental state examination scale was used to screen for cognitive impairment (score <23). Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was used to screen for depression (score >5) among geriatric individuals. Appropriate statistical tests of significance were done.Results: Among the 360 elderly individuals screened using GDS-15 tool, 41.4% of them were found to be at a higher risk of developing depression. Significant factors for risk of depression in univariate analysis include being female, illiterate, unemployed, widow/single, having sleep problems, dependency in activities of daily living and cognitive impairment. Predictors for risk of depression evident by multivariate analysis include presence of unemployment, sleep problems and cognitive impairment.Conclusions: A higher proportion of elderly was observed to be at risk of depression. Primary care physicians may consider screening for depression in elderly with identified risk factors and act accordingly.

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Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes from the Central Part of Romania

Acta Medica Marisiensis ◽

10.1515/amma-2016-0014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 209-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Simona Cernea ◽

Cristian Zoltai ◽

Daniela Berbecilă ◽

Floredana-Laura Şular

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Screening Study ◽

Highly Correlated

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with T2D. Depression and anxiety were assessed by questionnaires (PHQ-9, CES-D and GAD-7 respectively), cognitive function by the MoCA test. Additionally, 503 patients’ clinic charts were separately analyzed in order to compare the data recorded in the charts with that resulted from the active assessment.Results: In the screening study 216 subjects with T2D were included (62.2 ± 7.8 years old). 34.3% of them had depression and 7.4% presented major depression. 44.9% of patients with T2D had anxiety (9.2% major anxiety) and this was highly correlated with depression (OR: 21.139, 95%CI: 9.767-45.751; p<0.0001). Women had significantly higher prevalence of depression and anxiety compared to men (42.1% vs. 21.7%; p: 0.0021 and 51.1% vs. 34.9%; p: 0.02), but severe depression was similar between genders (9.0% vs. 4.8%; p: 0.29). Significantly more patients had depression and anxiety than recorded in their charts (34.3% vs. 13.9% and 44.9% vs. 9.3%, respectively; p<0.0001 for both). 69.0% of T2D patients had mild, 6.0% had moderate and none had severe cognitive dysfunction, respectively. Significantly more patients with depression and anxiety had mild and moderate cognitive impairment (p: 0.03 and p: 0.04, respectively).Conclusions: Patients with T2D had a high prevalence of comorbid depression, anxiety and cognitive impairment. Depression and anxiety were significantly more frequent in women. These conditions were under-evaluated and/or under-reported.

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Depression among elderly cancer patients

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.711 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S528-S528 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Ghanmi ◽

S. Aloulou ◽

A. Mechri ◽

K. Zitoun ◽

A. Ben Hmida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Elderly Cancer Patients ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

IntroductionDepression is one of the most common mental illnesses in the elderly and its consequences are severe.AimsTo measure the prevalence of depression in elderly cancer patients and subsequently determine the sociodemographic and clinical factors correlated with this disorder.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of patients aged over than 65 years old, suffering from cancer and who had no cognitive impairment, admitted in 2013 in the Oncology and palliative care unit of Gabes regional Hospital (Tunisia). We used a self-rating questionnaire to detect sociodemographics and clinical variables, the Geriatric depression scale (GDS) to assess depressive symptoms, and the Activity of Daily Living to determine the degree of autonomy.ResultsAt the end of our investigation, we included 60 patients. The prevalence of depression was 48%. Depression was significantly correlated with: marital status (widower subjects were more depressed (74% vs. 34%, P = 0.007)), less degree of autonomy (80% vs. 38%, P = 0.04), fatigue (62% vs. 26%, P = 0.007), pain (59% vs. 26%, P = 0.02), family psychiatric history (80% vs. 20%, P = 0.02), family history of death by cancer (72% vs. 38%, P = 0.01), WHO condition (67% vs. 34%, P = 0.04) and the presence of co morbidity in particularly diabetes (69% vs. 41%, P = 0.05).ConclusionDepression is prevalent in oncogeriatric environments. This could compromise quality of support and care of these patients. Close collaboration between oncologist and psychiatrist is needed to support and relieve these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Prevalence and correlates of geriatric depression in a rural community in Kerala, India

Journal of Ideas in Health ◽

10.47108/jidhealth.vol4.issspecial2.130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (Special2) ◽

pp. 395-401

Author(s):

Ann Mary Thomas ◽

Babita Susan ◽

Jacob Davies Kalliath ◽

Vinu Cherian ◽

Brilly M Rose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Dependence ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Background: Elderly constitutes a vulnerable group for depression, as they are especially prone to suffer adverse consequences of a depressive episode and have greater rates of completed suicides. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and determinants of geriatric depression. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 250 elderlies from 1st January 2019 to 1st January 2020 in the different rural blocks of Ernakulam district, India. The multistage sampling technique and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) were used to collect the data. A score of 0 9 is considered "normal", 10 19 is labeled as "mildly depressed", and 20 30 as "severely depressed". Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS software. The Chi-square test /Fisher's exact test was used to study the association between the socio-demographic and behavioral variables with depression. Results: The mean age was 69.33 ± 7.41years and male: female ratio was 0.55: 1.The overall prevalence of depression was 52.4%. Advanced age over 70years [OR=2.04;95% CI, 1.227 – 3.394; P=0.006], female gender[OR=2.844;95% CI,1.663-4.865; P =<0.001], lack of gainful employment [OR=3.504; 95% CI, 1.833–6.699; P =<0.001], physical dependence [OR=0.365;95% CI,0.162–0.821; P =0.012], financial dependence [OR=0.388; 95% CI, 0.219–0.687; P =<0.001], presence of medical co morbidities [OR=0.428; 95% CI, 0.212–0.866; P =0.016],poor lifestyle including the lack of regular exercise [OR =2.020; 95% CI,1.174–3.473; P =0.010], addiction to alcohol [OR=4.932;95%CI,1.600-15.208; P =0.004] and addiction to tobacco smoking [OR=2.905;95%CI,1.273-6.628; P =0.009] and poor family support [OR= 5.180;95% CI,716–15.636; P = 0.002] were found to be significantly associated with depression. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among the elderlies was high, and hence early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to reduce its burden in the community.

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Physiological Levels of Melatonin Relate to Cognitive Function and Depressive Symptoms: The HEIJO-KYO Cohort

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2015-1859 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 100 (8) ◽

pp. 3090-3096 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Kenji Obayashi ◽

Keigo Saeki ◽

Junko Iwamoto ◽

Nobuhiro Tone ◽

Kunihiko Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Depressed Mood ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional

Context: In contrast with randomized controlled trials, observational studies have suggested that physiological levels of melatonin are reduced in patients with dementia or depression, but the relationship has not been evaluated in large populations. Objective: The objective was to determine the relationships between physiological levels of melatonin and cognitive function and depressive symptoms. Design and Participants: A cohort of 1105 community-dwelling elderly individuals was enrolled in this cross-sectional study (mean age, 71.8 ± 7.1 y). Measures: Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion (UME) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; n = 935) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS; n = 1097) scores were measured as indices of physiological melatonin levels, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Results: With increases in UME quartiles, the prevalence of cognitive impairment (MMSE score ≤ 26) and depressed mood (GDS score ≥ 6) significantly decreased (P for trend = .003 and .012, respectively). In multivariate logistic regression models, after adjusting for confounders such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and sleep/wake cycles, higher UME levels were significantly associated with lower odds ratios (ORs) for cognitive impairment and depressed mood (ORs: Q1 = 1.00; Q2 = 0.88 and 0.76; Q3 = 0.66 and 0.85; Q4 = 0.67 and 0.53; P for trend = .023 and .033, respectively). In addition, the highest UME group showed a significantly lower OR for depressed mood than the lowest UME group (Q4 vs Q1: OR, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.32–0.89; P = .033). UME levels above the median value were significantly associated with a lower OR for cognitive impairment, even after further adjustment for depressive symptoms (OR = 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.99; P = .043). Conclusions: Significant associations of higher physiological melatonin levels with lower prevalence of cognitive impairment and depressed mood were revealed in a large general elderly population. The association between physiological melatonin levels and cognitive function was independent of depressive symptoms.

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Watching sports and depressive symptoms among older adults: a cross-sectional study from the JAGES 2019 survey

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89994-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Taishi Tsuji ◽

Satoru Kanamori ◽

Ryota Watanabe ◽

Meiko Yokoyama ◽

Yasuhiro Miyaguni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Mail Survey ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Average Frequency ◽

Evaluation Study ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractThe current study investigated the relationship between the frequency of watching sports and depressive symptoms among older adults. This study used cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide mail survey of 21,317 older adults. Depressive symptoms were defined as a Geriatric Depression Scale score of ≥ 5. Participants were queried regarding the average frequency at which they watched sports on-site and via TV/Internet over the past year. Among the 21,317 participants, 4559 (21.4%) had depressive symptoms, while 4808 (22.6%) and 16,576 (77.8%) watched sports on-site and via TV/Internet at least once a year, respectively. Older adults who watched sports on-site a few times/year (prevalence ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.74) or 1–3 times/month (0.66, 0.53–0.82) were less likely to have depressive symptoms compared to non-spectators after adjusting for frequency of playing sports, exercise activities, and other potential confounders. Meanwhile, a dose–response relationship was confirmed for watching via TV/Internet (prevalence ratio of 0.86, 0.79, and 0.71 for a few times/year, 1–3 times/month, and ≥ 1 time/week, respectively). This study suggested that watching sports on-site or via TV/Internet, regardless of whether they regularly engage in sports, may reduce the risk of depressive symptoms among older adults.

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Association between Indoor Air Pollution and Cognitive Impairment among Adults in Rural Puducherry, South India

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_123_18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 09 (04) ◽

pp. 529-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy ◽

Gokul Sarveswaran ◽

K. Sivaranjini ◽

Manikandanesan Sakthivel ◽

Marie Gilbert Majella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

General Population ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sociodemographic Profile ◽

State Examination

ABSTRACT Background: Recent evidences showed that outdoor air pollution had significant influence on cognitive functioning of adults. However, little is known regarding the association of indoor air pollution with cognitive dysfunction. Hence, the current study was done to assess the association between indoor air pollution and cognitive impairment among adults in rural Puducherry. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was done among 295 adults residing in rural field practice area of tertiary care institute in Puducherry during February and March 2018. Information regarding sociodemographic profile and household was collected using pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Mini-Mental State Examination was done to assess cognitive function. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) to identify the factors associated with cognitive impairment. Results: Among 295 participants, 173 (58.6) were in 30–59 years; 154 (52.2%) were female; and 59 (20.0%) were exposed to indoor air pollution. Prevalence of cognitive impairment in the general population was 11.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.7–16.1). Prevalence of cognitive impairment among those who were exposed to indoor air pollution was 27.1% (95% CI: 17.4–39.6). Individuals exposed to indoor air pollution (aPR = 2.18, P = 0.003) were found to have two times more chance of having cognitive impairment. Conclusion: About one-fourth of the participants were exposed to indoor air pollution, out of which more than one-fourth was found to have cognitive impairment which is twice that of the general population. Hence, prevention of exposure to indoor air pollution needs to be done through increased availability to cleaner fuels for household usage.

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Differential associations between depression and cognitive function in MCI and AD: a cross-sectional study

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610218001527 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (08) ◽

pp. 1151-1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chang Hyun Lee ◽

Do Hoon Kim ◽

Yoo Sun Moon

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neuropsychological Screening ◽

Screening Battery ◽

Clinical Research Center ◽

Sectional Analysis

ABSTRACTObjective:Despite the possibility that cognitive deficits associated with depression may have different patterns depending on the level of neurocognitive impairment, there remains no clear evidence of this. This study aimed to investigate the differential association between depression and cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Methods:A cross-sectional analysis was performed of data from 1,724 patients with MCI and 1,247 patients with AD from the Clinical Research Center for Dementia in Korea. Depression was assessed using the Korean form of the Geriatric Depression Scale, and cognition was measured using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery, which includes five domains (attention, language and related function, visuospatial function, memory, and frontal/executive function).Results:Significant differences were found between the two groups (non-depressed vs. depressed) in visuospatial, memory, and executive function domains in the MCI group, as well as in the attention domain in the AD group. The association between depressive symptoms and cognitive function was significantly greater in patients with MCI than in those with AD. These associations were more pronounced in memory and executive function.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the association between depression and decreased cognitive function is more pronounced in MCI than AD.

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