A cross sectional study on screening for depression among elderly in rural areas of Puducherry, India

Background: Depression among elderly has been a neglected health issue. Various factors hinder its early diagnosis. The objectives of this study are to screen for depression among elderly using geriatric depression scale-15 and to determine its influencing factors.Methods: A community based cross sectional study on geriatric depression was done in villages catered by a primary health centre in Puducherry. Permanent residents of the study setting, aged ≥60 years consenting for the study were included. Line listing of elderly individuals in the study setting was done and subjects were selected by simple random sampling. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinic-psychological variables. Hindi mental state examination scale was used to screen for cognitive impairment (score <23). Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was used to screen for depression (score >5) among geriatric individuals. Appropriate statistical tests of significance were done.Results: Among the 360 elderly individuals screened using GDS-15 tool, 41.4% of them were found to be at a higher risk of developing depression. Significant factors for risk of depression in univariate analysis include being female, illiterate, unemployed, widow/single, having sleep problems, dependency in activities of daily living and cognitive impairment. Predictors for risk of depression evident by multivariate analysis include presence of unemployment, sleep problems and cognitive impairment.Conclusions: A higher proportion of elderly was observed to be at risk of depression. Primary care physicians may consider screening for depression in elderly with identified risk factors and act accordingly.

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A Cross Sectional Study: Depression Status among Elderly Using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in Urban Chennai

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH ◽

10.21522/tijph.2013.se.19.02.art007 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 42-46

Author(s):

Sathish kumar Krishnamurthy

Keyword(s):

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Depression Status

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Utility of Geriatric Depression Scale-15 for Assessment of Depression among Elderly: A Cross Sectional Study

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development ◽

10.5958/0976-5506.2016.00208.4 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammed Sarosh Ahmed ◽

Padmaja R Walvekar ◽

Sameeran S Chate ◽

M D Mallapur

Keyword(s):

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Impaired abstract thinking may discriminate between normal aging and vascular mild cognitive impairment

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2010000200005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 179-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Felipe Kenji Sudo ◽

Gilberto Sousa Alves ◽

Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Alves ◽

Maria Elisa Lanna ◽

Letice Ericeira-Valente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Abstract Thinking ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Healthy Elderly

OBJECTIVE: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is associated with cognitive deficits. This cross-sectional study examines differences among healthy elderly controls and patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) and vascular dementia (VaD) in performances on CAMCOG subscales. METHOD: Elderly individuals (n=61) were divided into 3 groups, according to cognitive and neuroimaging status: 16 controls, 20 VaMCI and 25 VaD. VaMCI and VaD individuals scored over 4 points on the Hachinski Ischemic Scale. RESULTS: Significant differences in total CAMCOG scores were observed across the three groups (p<0.001). VaD subjects performed worse than those with VaMCI in most CAMCOG subscales (p<0.001). All subscales showed differences between controls and VaD (p<0.001). Performance on abstract thinking showed difference between VaMCI and controls (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: CAMCOG discriminated controls from VaMCI and VaD. Assessment of abstract thinking may be useful as a screening item for diagnosis of VaMCI.

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A cross-sectional study on geriatric depression and its associated risk factors in an urban area of Hyderabad, India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214995 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Nirmala Nagarada Gadde ◽

Bhagya Rekha Gogolla ◽

Vineesh Allenki ◽

Ravi Babu Damu

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Short Form ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: The geriatric population is increasing with advancements in the health sector all over the world. At the same time, old age tackles physical, mental and social challenges. Mental health of the elderly is least concerned in developing countries, especially depression, which is easy to screen and our study aims to know its burden and associated risk factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and November 2021 among the geriatric population of Mansoorabad, an urban area in Hyderabad, using the short form of geriatric depression scale (GDS) to assess their depression status. Study subjects who met our criteria were selected through simple random sampling. Data collected were entered and analyzed with MS excel software 2007 and Epi info 3.5.3.Results: In our study sample of 161, males were 61 (37.9%), females-100(62.1%). Most of the study subjects were in the age group 60-70 years (137, 85.1%), followed by the 70-80 years age group (24, 14.9%). Nearly 59.6% of subjects had no depression, 19.9% suffered from mild depression, 8.1%-moderately depressed, whereas 12.4%-severely depressed. The mean age of subjects was 65.6 (±5.9) years. Chi-square test was used to study the association of various factors with geriatric depression and age group, and socio-economic status showed a statistically significant association.Conclusions: This study points towards the sensitization of healthcare workers and other subsidiary health personnel at the grassroots level to detect geriatric depression in nascent stages. Many longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to address various aspects of depression.

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Depression in Elderly Patients Attending the Psychiatric Outpatient Department: A Cross Sectional Study

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol03-i01/08 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Ravi C Sharma ◽

Dr. Dinesh Dutt Sharma ◽

Dr. Kamal Parkash

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychiatric Outpatient ◽

Informed Consent Form ◽

Gandhi Medical College

Background: Cognitive impairment is a common clinical condition among elderly patients suffering with depression and has a well-known aetiology. The present study planned to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression in geriatric patients attending Psychiatric outpatient department services. Methods: The study was a prospective cross-sectional one and carried out with a sound methodology on elderly patients attending the Psychiatric OPD of Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla-1, Himachal Pradesh. A total of 130 patients were screened, out of which 105 patients have fulfilled the inclusion criteria and enrolled after written informed consent form. The cognitive function and depression were assessed by using standardized Mini-Mental State Examination of Folstein (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively. Results: Prevalence of cognitive impairment was found 42.9% (44.2% in women, 35.5% in men), whereas the prevalence of depression was found 48.6% (56.30%women, 41.10% men) which was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Cognitive impairment and depression were found to be more prevalent in the females than in the males. So, it is advised that psychiatrist should provide special attention for early detection and treatment of depressive symptoms in elderly patients suffering with cognitive impairment.

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Obesity Is Less Frequently Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12020367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 367 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amelia Nur Vidyanti ◽

Muhammad Hardhantyo ◽

Bayu Satria Wiratama ◽

Astuti Prodjohardjono ◽

Chaur-Jong Hu

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Daily Living ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Activity Of Daily Living ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Middle Income Countries

Obesity is one of the factors associated with cognitive impairment. However, obesity may differently affect cognitive function in different age groups, and scarce data are available from low- and middle-income countries. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the association between obesity and cognitive impairment among 143 elderly individuals in Yogyakarta. We recorded the sociodemographic factors and some comorbidities, also measured the body mass index as a parameter of obesity, cognitive function using Montreal Cognitive Assessment—Indonesia, mood condition and depression status using geriatric depression scale-short form, as well as the daily life function using Activity of Daily Living and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living. After adjustment for the sociodemographic and comorbidities, we found that subjects with older age were more likely to have cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] 3.544, 95%CI: 1.36–9.22, p < 0.01) and compared with elderly individuals with normal weight, obese elderly individuals were 40% less likely to have cognitive impairment (OR 0.604, 95%CI: 0.39–0.95, p < 0.05). This study suggests that obesity in elderly individuals is less frequently associated with cognitive impairment. These findings support the reverse causation mechanism related to body mass index (BMI) and cognitive impairment in low/middle-income countries.

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RELATION BETWEEN MOOD DISORDERS AND COVID-19 IN OLDER ADULTS DURING THE PANDEMIC

10.5327/1980-5764.rpda087 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cássia Rossetto Verga ◽

Graciela Ishibashi ◽

Guilherme da Silva ◽

Tiago Ordonez ◽

Gabriela dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Health Issues ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Literature data emphasize that the recent spread of the new Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered several mental health issues such as depression and anxiety disorders. Fear of the illness and social distancing have shown to be risk factors for mood disorders. It is thus necessary to study the relation between mood disorders in older adults during the pandemic. Objective: Analyze the relation between mood disorders and COVID-19 in older adults within the pandemic framework. Methods: Cross-sectional study with the application of the following tools: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). Results: 428 older adults with an average age of 67.54±5.65 years were evaluated. Most of them were married females with an education level of 14.72±3.54 years and only 10% of them had fallen ill to COVID-19. 71% of them reported changes in mood and anxiety levels due to the pandemic. There was also a significant statistical difference between this group and the other 29% regarding GDS15 and GAI scores (p <0.001). Meaningful correlations were found between GDS and GAI (rho = 0.52 / ρ = 0,001) in which the larger the depressive symptomatology, the higher the anxiety level was. Conclusion: Results suggest that there have been associations between depression and anxiety symptoms in older adults during the pandemic period. Such findings are important for the implementation of social and health public policies.

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Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Depression among a Population Aged over 60 Years in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara, Mexico

Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research ◽

10.1155/2012/175019 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Genaro G. Ortiz ◽

Elva D. Arias-Merino ◽

María E. Flores-Saiffe ◽

Irma E. Velázquez-Brizuela ◽

Miguel A. Macías-Islas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Issue ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

State Examination

Background. Cognitive impairment is an important clinical issue among elderly patients with depression and has a more complex etiology because of the variable rate of neurodegenerative changes associated with depression. The aim of the present work was to examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression in a representative sample of adults aged≥60 years.Methods. The presented work was a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression. Door-to-door interview technique was assigned in condition with multistage probability random sampling to obtain subjects that represent a population of the Guadalajara metropolitan area (GMA), Mexico. Cognitive function and depression were assessed by applying standardized Mini-Mental State Examination of Folstein (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively.Results. Prevalence of cognitive impairment was 13.8% (14.5% women, 12.6% men); no significant differences by gender and retired or pensioner were found. Prevalence of depression was 29.1% (33.6% women, 21.1% men); no significant differences by retired or pensioner were found. Cognitive impairment was associated with depression (OR = 3.26, CI 95%, 2.31–4.60). Prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression is associated with: being woman, only in depression being older than 75 years being married, and a low level of education.Conclusion. Cognitive impairment and depression are highly correlated in adults aged≥60.

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Internal Consistency of Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS 15-Item Version) in Ecuadorian Older Adults

INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing ◽

10.1177/0046958020971184 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 004695802097118

Author(s):

María Erazo ◽

Martha Fors ◽

Sofía Mullo ◽

Paloma González ◽

Carmen Viada

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Short Version ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The present study aimed to assess the validity of a Spanish version of the Geriatric Depression-15 Scale (GDS-15) in Ecuadorian adults. Cross-sectional study to validate GDS-15 in its short version (GDS-15). Internal consistency and factor structure were assessed through Kuder Richardson 20 and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A total of 211 subjects 65 years of age and older participated in the validation process. Internal consistency was adequate, the Kuder Richardson 20 coefficient for the total scale was 0.73. Three factor structure was found for the scale. This study highlights the importance of having a validated scale for screening depression in the elderly. This study provides an evidence for the use of GDS-15 in Ecuadorian elderly population to screen for depression.

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